Macro-economy & structure19 datasets
Annual % change at constant 2016/17 prices, FY2016/17–FY2025/26 (UBOS)
Source: UBOS — FY2025/26 values are preliminary. Agricultural growth has been positive in every year of the series.
Annual % change at constant 2016/17 prices, FY2024/25 and FY2025/26 (UBOS)
Source: UBOS — FY2025/26 is preliminary. Fishing value added is volatile, with falls of 25.2% in FY2017/18 and 8.8% in FY2020/21.
Current prices, UGX trillion, FY2016/17–FY2025/26 (UBOS)
Source: UBOS — UGX billion in the source, shown in trillion (own rounding). Agriculture support services (UGX 26.1 billion in FY2025/26) are not shown. The total was UGX 65,620.7 billion in FY2025/26, of which UGX 12,931.2 billion was own-account production.
Agriculture, forestry and fishing, current US$ billion, calendar years 2010–2025 (World Bank)
Source: World Bank WDI · IMF — World Bank calendar-year series derived from the UBOS fiscal-year accounts. The dip in 2015–2016 coincides with the depreciation of the shilling from 2,600 to 3,420 per US dollar between 2014 and 2016 (IMF annual averages).
Real growth on the same quarter a year earlier, %, Q1 FY2024/25 – Q4 FY2025/26
Source: UBOS — Original (not seasonally adjusted) value added at constant 2016/17 prices. GDP grew 4.76%, 8.46%, 5.73% and 6.81% in the four quarters of FY2025/26. Agriculture accounted for 25.8% of quarterly GDP at current prices in April–June 2026.
Agriculture, forestry and fishing, % of employment, UBOS surveys and ILO modelled estimate
Source: UBOS · World Bank WDI — UBOS surveys follow the 19th ICLS standard, which excludes farming mainly for own consumption from employment. The 2016/17 and 2021 values are National Labour Force Surveys, 2019/20 and 2023/24 the National Household Surveys (ages 14–64) and 2025 the Labour Market Survey (ages 15+). The 2021 value of 36.0% is from the sector table of the 2021 report (Table 5.4), and its industry table (Table 5.3) gives 35.9%. The ILO values are for calendar years 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023 and 2025. In 2025, 39.9% of the working population was in subsistence agriculture.
% of the working population aged 14–64, Uganda National Household Surveys
Source: UBOS — Persons whose only work is growing crops or rearing animals mainly for household consumption. In 2023/24 the share was 44.2% in rural and 22.1% in urban areas.
Poverty headcount at the national poverty line, % of population, 2019/20 and 2023/24
Source: UBOS · World Bank WDI — Uganda National Household Surveys, national lower poverty line. In 2023/24 rural poverty was 19.4% and urban poverty 10.3%, and Karamoja had 74.2%.
% of land area, 2010–2024 (World Bank, FAO data)
Source: World Bank WDI — Land area 200,520 km². Arable land was 8.8 million hectares in 2024. National forest-cover estimates differ from the FAO series used here.
IMF period-average rate, Uganda shillings per US dollar, 2010–2025
Source: IMF — The IMF annual averages are identical to World Bank PA.NUS.FCRF. The average rate rose from 2,600 to 3,241 shillings per dollar in 2015 and has moved between 3,587 and 3,757 since 2018.
Annual % change, calendar years 2010–2025 (World Bank, UBOS data)
% of population, three-year averages, 2010–2024 (FAO, via World Bank)
Source: World Bank WDI — FAO estimate of the share of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient for an active and healthy life.
Headline indicators, FY2016/17–FY2025/26
| Indicator | FY2016/17 | FY2020/21 | FY2023/24 | FY2024/25 | FY2025/26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP, current prices (UGX billion) | 108,518.0 | 148,310.3 | 203,707.8 | 227,874.6 | 250,446.9 |
| Real GDP growth (%) | 3.1 | 3.5 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.4 |
| Agriculture, forestry & fishing value added (UGX billion) | 25,457.1 | 35,359.8 | 50,150.7 | 59,549.4 | 65,620.7 |
| Agriculture, share of GDP at current prices (%) | 23.5 | 23.8 | 24.6 | 26.1 | 26.2 |
| Real growth of agriculture (%) | 2.8 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 6.5 |
| Cash crops, share of GDP (%) | 2.4 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
| Own-account agricultural production (UGX billion) | 6,309.1 | – | – | 12,031.6 | 12,931.2 |
| UGX per US$, fiscal-year average (Bank of Uganda) | 3,528.30 | 3,661.06 | 3,776.63 | 3,677.59 | 3,607.55 |
| GDP per capita (US$, UBOS) | – | – | – | 1,306.3 | 1,419.5 |
| Mid-year population (thousand, UBOS) | – | – | – | 47,452.9 | 48,851.5 |
Agricultural value added by activity, current prices, UGX billion
| Activity | FY2016/17 | FY2020/21 | FY2023/24 | FY2024/25 | FY2025/26 | Real growth FY2025/26 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food crops | 13,395.0 | 17,001.4 | 23,004.8 | 24,973.7 | 26,763.1 | 4.9 |
| Cash crops | 2,552.0 | 3,050.7 | 7,229.0 | 11,374.1 | 12,841.9 | 12.1 |
| Livestock | 3,309.1 | 5,835.4 | 8,522.4 | 10,072.7 | 11,523.0 | 8.8 |
| Forestry | 4,002.6 | 6,101.7 | 7,618.7 | 8,470.1 | 9,161.3 | 3.3 |
| Fishing | 2,182.0 | 3,350.6 | 3,752.3 | 4,634.3 | 5,305.4 | 9.1 |
| Agriculture support services | 16.5 | 20.1 | 23.7 | 24.5 | 26.1 | 5.3 |
| Total agriculture, forestry & fishing | 25,457.1 | 35,359.8 | 50,150.7 | 59,549.4 | 65,620.7 | 6.5 |
Agriculture in UBOS labour statistics
| Survey | Age group | Agriculture, % of employed | Subsistence agriculture, % of working population | Informal employment incl. agriculture (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Labour Force Survey 2016/17 | 14–64 | 40.9 | – | 90.7 |
| National Household Survey 2019/20 | 14–64 | 39.8 | 47.6 | 92.6 |
| National Labour Force Survey 2021 | 14–64 | 36.0 | – | 91.9 |
| National Household Survey 2023/24 | 14–64 | 40.0 | 36.1 | – |
| Labour Market Survey 2025 | 15+ | 37.1 | 39.9 | 89.2 |
Source: UBOS — Employment covers work for pay or profit under the 19th ICLS standard. Subsistence agriculture is the growing of crops or rearing of animals mainly for consumption by the household. In the 2021 survey 8.22 million persons, 35.0% of the working-age population, were in purely subsistence agriculture, and agriculture accounted for 61% of the working population when own-use work is included. The 2021 agriculture share of 36.0% is from the sector table of the 2021 report (Table 5.4), and the industry table (Table 5.3) gives 35.9%. Informal employment values for 2016/17, 2019/20 and 2021 are from Table 5.16 of the 2021 report.
National Population and Housing Census 2024, agriculture
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Population | 45,905,417 |
| Households | 10,698,913 |
| Agricultural households | 6,613,511 |
| Agricultural households (% of households) | 62.3 |
| Rural households that are agricultural (%) | 75.6 |
| Urban households that are agricultural (%) | 42.8 |
| Households in crop production (%) | 60.7 |
| Households keeping livestock (%) | 36.7 |
| Households practising irrigation (%) | 3.5 |
| Agricultural households producing mainly for home consumption (%) | 80.2 |
| Agricultural households producing mainly for sale (%) | 17.4 |
| Households in the subsistence economy (%) | 33.1 |
| Population owning land (%) | 16.7 |
| Adult landowners with legal documentation (%) | 58.0 |
Source: UBOS — An agricultural household is any household that had engaged in crop production, livestock keeping, aquaculture production, forestry or woodlots. Households in the subsistence economy are those unable to satisfy their basic needs, a definition that is not limited to farming. 74.5% of them relied primarily on subsistence farming.
Farm structure in the Annual Agricultural Surveys
| Indicator | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021/22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural households (million) | 7.4 | 6.9 | 7.18 | 6.9 |
| Average landholding (ha) | 1.35 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Households holding less than 1 ha (%) | 66.2 | 67 | – | – |
| Households using improved seed (%) | 23 | 25 | – | – |
| Households using inorganic fertiliser (%) | – | 9–10 | – | 7 |
| Households receiving extension advice (%) | 12 | 5 | 14 | – |
| Parcels under customary tenure (%) | – | – | – | 63.0 |
Source: UBOS — Household sector only. The Uganda Census of Agriculture 2008/09 found an average holding of 1.1 ha and is the latest census of agriculture. The UBOS statistics plan for FY2025/26–FY2029/30 names no new census of agriculture24. Fertiliser use in 2019 is 9% in the first season and 10% in the second, and in 2021/22 the second season of 2021.
Poverty, Uganda National Household Surveys
| Indicator | 2019/20 | 2023/24 |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty headcount, national (%) | 20.3 | 16.1 |
| Number of poor (million) | 8.3 | 7.0 |
| Poverty headcount, rural (%) | – | 19.4 |
| Poverty headcount, urban (%) | – | 10.3 |
| Food poverty (%) | 8.5 | 6.8 |
| Households headed by crop farmers, headcount (%) | 21.7 | 20.8 |
| Households headed by subsistence farmers, headcount (%) | 26.1 | 20.7 |
| Gini coefficient | 0.413 | 0.382 |
Source: UBOS — National lower poverty line. In 2023/24 poverty was 27.7% in the Northern region and 74.2% in Karamoja.
Production, trade & prices26 datasets
Exports and imports of HS chapters 01–24 by partner country, US$ million (UN Comtrade, as reported by Uganda)
Source: UN Comtrade — HS chapters 01–24 (live animals to tobacco). Raw cotton (HS chapter 52) is not included. Partner values are as reported by Uganda, and 2025 is the latest full year Uganda has reported to UN Comtrade. Chapter 09 includes tea and spices as well as coffee. Small territories without a shape on the 1:110m world map appear only in the ranked list.
US$ million, fiscal years FY2013/14–FY2025/26 (Bank of Uganda)
Source: BoU · MAAIF Coffee Dept — Own sums of the monthly Bank of Uganda series, which takes coffee data from the coffee regulator. The Coffee Department of MAAIF reports US$2.18 billion for FY2025/26 and US$2.21 billion for FY2024/25.
Million 60-kg bags, fiscal years FY2013/14–FY2025/26 (Bank of Uganda)
Source: BoU · MAAIF Coffee Dept — Own sums of monthly bags. Volume doubled between FY2016/17 and FY2025/26 (own calculation), while value more than quadrupled.
US$ million, FY2025/26 (Bank of Uganda)
Source: BoU — Own sums of monthly data. Total exports were US$15,756.7 million, including US$929.4 million of informal cross-border trade. The last segment is the remainder (own calculation).
US$ million, fiscal years FY2019/20–FY2025/26 (Bank of Uganda)
Million tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT · UBOS — FAOSTAT maize values for 2018–2020 equal the UBOS Annual Agricultural Survey estimates, and many later values are FAO imputations or estimates. The surveys give 2.21 million tonnes of maize and 9.99 million tonnes of cooking bananas for the agricultural year 2021/22, below the FAO figures, so the two series should not be compared year by year.
Million tonnes, agricultural years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021/22 (UBOS)
Source: UBOS — Household sector only. The 2019 cooking banana figure is from the AAS 2019 report. The 2021/22 round covers the second season of 2021 and the first season of 2022. The maize yield was 1.8 tonnes per hectare in 2021/22.
Thousand tonnes of green coffee, 2016–2023 (UBOS)
Thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT · UBOS · Parliament — FAOSTAT values, many of them estimates. Tea is not shown because FAOSTAT reports green leaf (414,945 tonnes in 2024) while UBOS reports made tea (69,735 tonnes in 2023). Cotton lint production, as reported by the Cotton Development Organisation, fell from 189,444 bales in 2018/19 to 50,709 bales in 2020/21 and recovered to 115,976 bales in 2022/23.
Thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT — Many FAOSTAT values for these crops are estimates or figures from international organisations rather than survey results.
Million head, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Billion litres, 2020–2024 (MAAIF)
Thousand tonnes live weight, capture and aquaculture, 2010–2024 (FAO FishStat)
Source: FAO FishStat · MAAIF · UBOS — MAAIF reports a national catch of 684,305 tonnes in 2023 and 727,034 tonnes in 2024, and the Uganda Aquaculture Census counted 65,444 tonnes of aquaculture output from 9,463 farms in July 2024 – June 2025. Nile perch accounted for 79,046 tonnes of the 2024 capture in FishStat.
Index, 2014–2016 = 100, 2010–2024 (FAO, via World Bank)
Source: World Bank WDI — FAO calculates the indices from its production series, which use the Annual Agricultural Survey results for 2018–2020.
Annual % change, monthly, January 2025 – September 2026 (UBOS)
Source: UBOS — Base 2016/17 = 100. Food crop inflation was 27.6% in January 2023 and fell to −5.3% in October 2024. In September 2026 food crop prices rose 7.0% in the month, with matooke up 16.0%.
Exports and imports of HS chapters 01–24, US$ million, 2015–2025 (UN Comtrade)
Source: UN Comtrade · World Bank WDI — Own sums of chapters 01–24 as reported by Uganda, calendar years. Raw cotton (chapter 52) is not included. Food was 39.3% of merchandise exports and 10.7% of imports in 2024 on World Bank data38.
Exports by HS chapter, US$ million, 2015–2025 (UN Comtrade)
Source: UN Comtrade — Calendar years. Coffee, tea and spices were 53.1% of agri-food exports in 2025 (own calculation).
Largest HS chapters, US$ million, 2025 (UN Comtrade)
Source: UN Comtrade — Own sums of partner data reported by Uganda for 2025. Total agri-food exports were US$4,796.5 million.
Largest HS chapters, US$ million, 2025 (UN Comtrade)
Source: UN Comtrade — Fats and oils from Malaysia (US$330.3 million) and Indonesia (US$122.4 million) and cereals from Tanzania (US$263.5 million) and Russia (US$107.3 million) were the largest import flows in 2025.
Crop production, survey and FAO estimates
| Crop | AAS 2021/22 (t) | FAOSTAT 2024 (t) | FAOSTAT 2024 flag |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cooking bananas (matooke) | 9,985,000 | 11,834,262 | imputed |
| Maize | 2,214,000 | 5,000,000 | international source |
| Cassava | 2,242,000 | 1,628,999 | imputed |
| Sweet potatoes | 1,002,000 | 1,026,777 | imputed |
| Beans, dry | 544,000 | 793,123 | imputed |
| Coffee, green | – | 402,000 | international source |
| Sorghum | 175,000 | 225,000 | international source |
| Soya beans | 195,000 | 155,000 | international source |
| Groundnuts | 166,000 | 150,000 | international source |
| Rice | 125,000 | 300,000 | international source |
| Millet | 64,000 | 120,000 | international source |
| Sugar cane | – | 6,104,830 | imputed |
Uganda in world production, 2024
| Commodity | Production | World rank |
|---|---|---|
| Plantains and cooking bananas | 11.83 million t | 1st |
| Coffee, green | 402,000 t | 6th |
| Pigeon peas | 13,514 t | 7th |
| Beans, dry | 793,123 t | 9th |
| Tea leaves | 414,945 t | 9th |
| Cocoa beans | 55,000 t | 12th |
| Sweet potatoes | 1.03 million t | 12th |
| Goats (head) | 17.40 million | 16th |
| Sesame seed | 140,000 t | 16th |
| Cattle (head) | 14.72 million | 23rd |
Source: FAOSTAT — Own ranking of FAOSTAT country values for 2024, excluding regional aggregates and the aggregate for China. Many values are FAO estimates.
Coffee exports by coffee year (October–September)
| Coffee year | 60-kg bags | US$ million |
|---|---|---|
| 2010/11 | 3,149,423 | 448.89 |
| 2012/13 | 3,582,629 | 432.69 |
| 2014/15 | 3,455,852 | 410.56 |
| 2016/17 | 4,605,158 | 544.59 |
| 2018/19 | 4,439,968 | 433.96 |
| 2019/20 | 5,359,970 | 512.33 |
| 2020/21 | 6,498,941 | 627.18 |
| 2021/22 | 5,858,957 | 877.38 |
| 2022/23 | 6.14 million | 940.36 |
| 2023/24 | 6.35 million | about 1,400 |
| 2024/25 | 8.2 million | about 2,300 |
Source: UCDA — 2010/11–2021/22 from the regulator's export spreadsheet. Later years are the headline figures of the September monthly reports, which round the 2023/24 and 2024/25 values. The September 2025 report restates 2023/24 as 6.4 million bags.
Coffee exports in August 2026
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Exports (60-kg bags) | 737,766 |
| Value (US$ million) | 181.7 |
| Robusta share of volume (%) | 92 |
| Average export price (US$ per kg) | 4.1 |
| Largest destination, Italy (% of volume) | 25.2 |
| Sudan (%) | 15.2 |
| Germany (%) | 9.9 |
| Active exporters (number) | 87 |
| Farm-gate price, Robusta FAQ (UGX per kg) | 12,000 |
| Twelve months to August 2026 (million bags) | 8.1 |
| Twelve months to August 2026 (US$ billion) | 2.1 |
Source: MAAIF Coffee Dept — Monthly report of the Coffee Department of MAAIF. Exports were 13.6% lower in volume and 10.3% lower in value than in August 2025.
Agricultural goods exports, Bank of Uganda, US$ million
| Product | FY2021/22 | FY2022/23 | FY2023/24 | FY2024/25 | FY2025/26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee | 862.2 | 845.4 | 1,143.9 | 2,210.8 | 2,190.9 |
| Cocoa beans | 97.6 | 93.1 | 263.4 | 621.5 | 364.1 |
| Sugar | 130.7 | 120.4 | 109.5 | 218.3 | 225.5 |
| Fish and products | 135.3 | 143.9 | 134.2 | 150.4 | 151.6 |
| Maize (formal) | 48.9 | 160.8 | 161.8 | 101.5 | 87.1 |
| Beans (formal) | 113.1 | 89.7 | 69.8 | 56.0 | 75.6 |
| Tobacco | 41.9 | 57.9 | 65.2 | 65.3 | 70.4 |
| Flowers | 67.7 | 62.4 | 63.0 | 66.2 | 68.6 |
| Tea | 85.5 | 89.1 | 66.8 | 54.8 | 51.9 |
| Cotton | 30.2 | 23.6 | 21.1 | 10.1 | 16.4 |
| Total goods exports, incl. informal trade | 3,836.6 | 5,396.2 | 7,818.9 | 10,761.6 | 15,756.7 |
Source: BoU — Own fiscal-year sums of the monthly Bank of Uganda series (released 5 October 2026). Dairy is not shown separately in the series.
Livestock, dairy and fisheries indicators
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Cattle (National Livestock Census) | 14,477,832 | 2021 |
| Goats (National Livestock Census) | 17,358,355 | 2021 |
| Pigs (National Livestock Census) | 7,083,943 | 2021 |
| Milk production (billion litres, MAAIF) | 5.4 | 2024 |
| Milk and milk products exports (US$ million, MAAIF) | 285.4 | 2024 |
| Beef production (t, MAAIF) | 276,892 | 2024 |
| Fish catch (t, MAAIF) | 727,034 | 2024 |
| Fish exports (US$ million, MAAIF) | 216.42 | FY2024/25 |
| Aquaculture production (t, UBOS census) | 65,444 | Jul 2024 – Jun 2025 |
| Aquaculture farms (number) | 9,463 | Jul 2024 – Jun 2025 |
Value chains & food security7 datasets
UGX billion, FY2024/25–FY2026/27, including external financing
Source: MoFPED — FY2024/25 is the allocation in the Budget Speech, FY2025/26 the approved budget and FY2026/27 the estimates in the MTEF annex. The FY2024/25 programme budget monitored by the Ministry of Finance, excluding the agricultural financing sub-programme, was UGX 2,231.3 billion, of which UGX 1,908.3 billion was released and UGX 1,352.5 billion spent47.
UGX billion, Government and lender contributions combined, 2010–2026
Source: BoU — 2010–2022 are year values from Table 3 of the June 2023 progress report. December 2025 is from the December 2025 progress report. Disbursements were UGX 123.4 billion in FY2022/23, UGX 253.1 billion in FY2024/25 and UGX 288.3 billion in FY2025/26.
Thousand people, current analysis periods
Source: IPC · EC K4P / IPC — The projections were 2.1 million people for the national and refugee analysis in August 2025 – February 2026 and 352,000 for Karamoja in August 2026 – February 2027. The refugee figure is part of the national total.
Agricultural agencies merged into ministries under RAPEX
| Agency | Amending law | Passed by Parliament | Assent | Functions transferred to |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uganda Coffee Development Authority | National Coffee (Amendment) Act 2024 | 6 Nov 2024 | 20 Dec 2024 | MAAIF |
| Cotton Development Organisation | Cotton Development (Amendment) Act 2024 | 22 Oct 2024 | 22 Dec 2024 | MAAIF |
| Dairy Development Authority | Dairy Industry (Amendment) Act 2024 | 22 Oct 2024 | 22 Dec 2024 | MAAIF |
| National Agricultural Advisory Services | NAADS (Amendment) Act 2024 | 22 Oct 2024 | 16 Dec 2024 | MAAIF Directorate of Extension |
| Agricultural Chemicals Board | Agricultural Chemicals (Control) (Amendment) Act 2024 | 19 Apr 2024 | 15 Jul 2024 | MAAIF |
| Uganda Warehouse Receipt System Authority | Warehouse Receipt System (Amendment) Act 2024 | 17 Apr 2024 | 15 Jul 2024 | Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives |
| Uganda National Meteorological Authority | UNMA (Amendment) Act 2024 | 17 Apr 2024 | 14 Jun 2024 | Ministry of Water and Environment |
| Uganda Export Promotions Board | Repeal Act 2024 | 17 Apr 2024 | 17 Jul 2024 | Uganda Free Zones and Export Promotion Authority |
Source: Parliament Bill Tracker · PPU · Parliament Acts 2024 · Parliament · Bill Tracker uploads · ULII · MoFPED BMAU — Assent dates from the Parliament Bill Tracker, the scanned Acts and, for coffee, the State House press release. The coffee, cotton, dairy, NAADS and warehouse receipt Acts dissolve the agencies on commencement and, having no commencement clause, take effect on publication in the Gazette (Acts of Parliament Act, s.14). The Gazette dates were not found, but the Ministry of Finance found that functions and some staff of the coffee, cotton and dairy agencies and NAADS had moved to MAAIF in FY2024/25. The Agricultural Chemicals (Control) (Amendment) Act comes into force on a date appointed by statutory instrument.
Agro-Industrialisation programme, NDP III targets and FY2024/25 budget execution
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Processed agricultural exports, NDP III baseline (US$ billion) | 0.935 |
| Processed agricultural exports, NDP III target (US$ billion) | 2.7 |
| Households in subsistence, baseline (%) | 68.9 |
| Households in subsistence, NDP III target (%) | 55 |
| Formal irrigation, baseline (ha) | 15,147 |
| Formal irrigation, NDP III target (ha) | 27,424 |
| FY2024/25 programme budget, BMAU basis (UGX billion) | 2,231.3 |
| FY2024/25 released (UGX billion) | 1,908.3 |
| FY2024/25 spent (UGX billion) | 1,352.5 |
| FY2024/25 overall programme performance (%) | 72.1 |
| NDP IV programme cost, FY2025/26–FY2029/30 (UGX billion) | 32,349 |
Source: MoFPED BMAU · NDPIV — Targets are NDP III outcome targets as listed in the Ministry of Finance budget monitoring report and are not achievements. The NDP IV cost is the plan's costing, not an appropriation.
Parish Development Model, Parish Revolving Fund
| Item | Value (UGX billion) |
|---|---|
| FY2021/22 released (UGX 17 million per parish) | 76.28 |
| FY2022/23 Parish Revolving Fund appropriation | 1,059 |
| FY2024/25 Parish Revolving Fund disbursed to SACCOs | 1,058.37 |
| Released to 10,589 SACCOs, FY2021/22–FY2024/25 | 3,258.937 |
| Disbursed by SACCOs to households by June 2025 | 2,750.290 |
| Not yet disbursed by SACCOs in June 2025 | 508.646 |
| Voluntary repayments by beneficiaries who received loans by December 2022 (18,105 beneficiaries, 709 SACCOs, 30 local governments) | 9.34 |
| Repayments collected by PDM SACCOs by end-April 2026, as reported by the Ministry of Finance (6,829 beneficiaries) | 1.706 |
| Transferred over five years (Budget Speech, June 2026) | 4,400 |
Source: MoFPED · OAG — The Auditor General's thematic audit of December 2025 covers FY2021/22–FY2024/25. Loans started in December 2022 with a 24-month grace period, which expired in December 2024. The Auditor General's repayment figure covers the beneficiaries who received loans by December 2022. The Wendi repayment figure is from the Background to the Budget FY2026/27, which also reports a release of UGX 50 million per SACCO for the first half of FY2025/2646.
Cooperatives and warehouse receipts
| Indicator | Value | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Registered cooperatives | 29,982 | 30 Jun 2021 |
| Savings and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) | 10,850 | 30 Jun 2021 |
| Agricultural marketing cooperatives | 10,329 | 30 Jun 2021 |
| Area cooperative enterprises | 142 | 30 Jun 2021 |
| Cooperative unions | 140 | 30 Jun 2021 |
| Warehouses licensed by UWRSA since 2006 | 4 | April 2024 |
| UWRSA budget (UGX billion) | 15.067 | FY2022/23 |
| PDM SACCOs | 10,589 | 2025 |
| Emyooga SACCOs | 7,148 | June 2026 |
Source: MTIC · Parliament · OAG · MoFPED — No official total of cooperatives after June 2021 was found. The commodity exchange was reported by the Uganda Development Corporation in February 2023 to have been dormant since 201775.
Climate & environment11 datasets
Country average, °C, 1991–2024 (CRU TS 4.09)
Source: World Bank CCKP — The 1991–2020 average was 23.22 °C, against 22.50 °C in 1961–1990 (own calculation). The warmest year in the CRU series was 2009.
Country average, mm, 1991–2024 (CRU TS 4.09)
Source: World Bank CCKP — The 1991–2020 average was 1,286 mm (own calculation). 2019 and 2020 were the wettest years of the period.
Rainfall in March–May and September–November, mm, 2010–2025 (ERA5)
Source: World Bank CCKP — Own sums of ERA5 monthly values. The 1991–2020 averages were 500 mm for March–May and 483 mm for September–November. September–November 2016 was the driest season of 1991–2025, and both seasons of 2021 and 2022 were below average. ERA5 rainfall levels for Uganda are higher than station-based CRU data, so the series is used here for comparisons between years.
Change in annual mean temperature against 1995–2014, °C, CMIP6 ensemble median
Source: World Bank CCKP — Median annual rainfall rises in all four projections, but the 10th-percentile models show declines, for example −49 mm by 2040–2059 under SSP2-4.5.
Greenhouse gas emissions by sector, Mt CO2-equivalent, 2023 (Climate Watch)
Source: Climate Watch · MWE — Agriculture was 58.1% of emissions excluding land use and forestry (own calculation). The national inventory in the second Biennial Update Report uses other methods and reports 112.1 Mt CO2-equivalent for 2019, of which 76% from agriculture, forestry and other land use.
Thousand tonnes CO2-equivalent (AR5), selected years 2010–2023 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT — Drained organic soils (6,120 kt in 2023), crop residues and on-farm energy are not shown. Synthetic fertilisers accounted for 64,000 tonnes in 2023, a reflection of low fertiliser use.
Mt CO2-equivalent, 1990–2023 (Climate Watch)
Million hectares, 1990–2025 (FAOSTAT)
Climate projections, CMIP6 ensemble
| Scenario and period | Temperature change, median (°C) | Rainfall change, median (mm) | Rainfall change, 10th–90th percentile (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SSP2-4.5, 2040–2059 | +1.22 | +20.3 | −49.2 to +154.0 |
| SSP2-4.5, 2080–2099 | +2.10 | +42.1 | −96.8 to +289.4 |
| SSP5-8.5, 2040–2059 | +1.68 | +78.5 | −95.2 to +276.4 |
| SSP5-8.5, 2080–2099 | +3.79 | +255.1 | −8.3 to +611.9 |
Updated NDC of September 2022, selected targets
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Reduction below business as usual in 2030 (%) | 24.7 |
| of which unconditional (%) | 5.9 |
| of which conditional (%) | 18.8 |
| Business-as-usual emissions in 2030 (Mt CO2e) | 148.8 |
| Share of mitigation from agriculture, forestry and land use (%) | 82.7 |
| Area under irrigation, baseline (ha) | 19,776 |
| Area under irrigation, target 2030 (ha) | 152,622 |
| Farmers practising sustainable land management, target 2030 (%) | 70.7 |
| Post-harvest losses, baseline (%) | 37 |
| Total cost to 2030 (US$ billion) | 28.1 |
Climate and environment, key figures
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Mean temperature, 1991–2020 (°C, CRU) | 23.22 | 1991–2020 |
| Mean temperature, 1961–1990 (°C, CRU) | 22.50 | 1961–1990 |
| Annual rainfall, 1991–2020 average (mm, CRU) | 1,286 | 1991–2020 |
| Emissions excluding land use (Mt CO2e, Climate Watch) | 52.92 | 2023 |
| Agriculture's share of emissions excluding land use (%) | 58.1 | 2023 |
| National inventory total (Gg CO2e, BUR2) | 112,137 | 2019 |
| Forest land (million ha, FAOSTAT) | 2.37 | 2025 |
| Area equipped for irrigation (ha, FAO) | 11,140 | 2012 |
| Agricultural water withdrawal (% of total, same WDI value for every year 2010–2022) | 40.7 | 2010–2022 |
Source: World Bank CCKP · Climate Watch · MWE · FAOSTAT · FAO AQUASTAT · World Bank WDI — Averages of the CRU series are own calculations. The share of agriculture in emissions is an own calculation.
Agricultural finance22 datasets
Outstanding loans of deposit-taking institutions to agriculture, UGX billion, December 2010–2025 and August 2026
Source: BoU — Other depository corporations (commercial banks, credit institutions and microfinance deposit-taking institutions), shilling and foreign-currency loans. The source is in UGX million. The sector breakdown was revised in February 2010.
Loans of deposit-taking institutions to agriculture, converted at the end-of-period rate, US$ million, December 2010–2025 and August 2026
Source: BoU · IMF — Own conversion of the shilling stock at the IMF end-of-period UGX/USD rate (the Bank of Uganda rate) for December of each year, and at the Bank of Uganda rate of 3,779.81 for 31 August 2026, which the IMF had not yet published. The rates used are 2,308.30 (2010), 2,490.99 (2011), 2,685.95 (2012), 2,527.96 (2013), 2,773.07 (2014), 3,377.01 (2015), 3,610.50 (2016), 3,635.08 (2017), 3,713.35 (2018), 3,665.21 (2019), 3,650.07 (2020), 3,544.41 (2021), 3,715.69 (2022), 3,782.22 (2023), 3,681.14 (2024) and 3,619.65 (2025).
End-of-period rate, 2010–2025 (IMF) and 31 August 2026 (Bank of Uganda)
Loans to agriculture by activity, UGX billion, December 2019–2025 and August 2026
Source: BoU — Deposit-taking institutions. In August 2026 farming of crops, livestock and poultry accounted for UGX 1,722.7 billion, fishing UGX 22.7 billion and forestry UGX 30.7 billion. Production overtook processing and marketing in 2025.
Commercial banks, UGX billion, December 2019–2025 and August 2026
Source: BoU — Foreign-currency loans were 39.9% of commercial bank loans to agriculture in August 2026 (own calculation), of which UGX 955.5 billion to processing and marketing.
NPLs as % of gross loans, supervised institutions, December 2010–2025 and June 2026
Source: BoU — Bank of Uganda financial soundness indicators. The June 2026 Financial Stability Review reports that NPL ratios in agriculture declined in the year to June 2026, without giving a figure.
Commercial banks, NPL ratio, %, June 2015–2019 (Financial Stability Reports)
Source: BoU — June basis. The all-sector value for June 2019 is the financial soundness indicator (3.79%). Agriculture held 30.4% of industry NPLs in June 2019. On a December basis the Annual Supervision Reports give an agriculture NPL ratio of 8.5% in 2013, 5.6% in 2014 and 16.2% in 20159798. No sector ratio was published after 2019.
Rate in force at the end of each year, %, 2011–2025, and October 2026
Source: BoU — The rate was introduced in July 2011. It was held at 9.75% from October 2024 and raised to 12.0% at a special meeting on 14 October 2026.
Weighted average lending rates, %, December 2010–2025 and August 2026
Average shilling lending rate, %, FY2021/22–FY2025/26 (Bank of Uganda Annual Report)
Source: BoU — Fiscal-year averages from Table 2 (sectors) and Table 1 (all shilling loans) of the Annual Report 2025-2026. In FY2025/26 the average sector rate was 20.3% for electricity and water and 15.7% for transport and communication.
Domestic credit to the private sector, % of GDP, 2011–2024 (World Bank)
Source: World Bank WDI · BIS / BoU — The Bank of Uganda Governor gave a ratio of 12.5% of GDP in January 2026, on the national basis.
Premiums and claims, UGX billion, FY2023/24, FY2024/25 and July–September 2025
Adults (15+) with an account at a financial institution or mobile-money provider, %, Global Findex
Source: World Bank Global Findex · World Bank WDI — Rural account ownership was 70.9% in 2024108. In the same year 10.8% of adults borrowed from a formal financial institution, against 18.6% in 2021109.
Adults (16+) by most formal financial service used, %, FinScope surveys
Source: BoU — Other formal services are mainly mobile money and SACCOs. Formal inclusion was 68% in 2023, 62% in rural areas, and 11% of borrowers named agriculture as the main reason for borrowing.
Registered mobile money accounts, million, 2015–2025 and July 2026
Source: BoU — Active customers (90 days) were 38.03 million in July 2026, served by 1,292,820 agents. The value of transactions was UGX 365.88 trillion in 2025.
Credit to agriculture, August 2026
| Item | UGX billion | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Loans of deposit-taking institutions to agriculture | 3,371.9 | 11.8 |
| of which production | 1,794.9 | – |
| of which farming (crops, livestock, poultry) | 1,722.7 | – |
| of which processing and marketing | 1,577.0 | – |
| Commercial banks' loans to agriculture | 2,843.0 | 10.5 |
| of which foreign-currency loans | 1,133.2 | 39.9 |
| Credit institutions' loans to agriculture | 341.0 | – |
| Microfinance deposit-taking institutions' loans to agriculture | 187.9 | – |
| Total loans of deposit-taking institutions | 28,615.4 | 100.0 |
Source: BoU — Shares are of all loans of the respective group, except the foreign-currency share, which is of commercial bank loans to agriculture (own calculation).
Non-performing loans in agriculture, commercial banks
| Basis | Period | Agriculture NPL ratio (%) | Industry NPL ratio (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Supervision Report | Dec 2012 | 3.6 | 4.23 |
| Annual Supervision Report | Dec 2013 | 8.5 | 5.63 |
| Annual Supervision Report | Dec 2014 | 5.6 | 4.13 |
| Annual Supervision Report | Dec 2015 | 16.2 | 5.29 |
| Financial Stability Report | Jun 2016 | 17.4 | 8.3 |
| Financial Stability Report | Jun 2017 | 12.5 | 6.2 |
| Financial Stability Report | Jun 2018 | 11.0 | 4.4 |
| Financial Stability Report | Jun 2019 | 9.1 | 3.79 |
Source: BoU — December rows are from the Annual Supervision Reports with the industry ratio from the Bank of Uganda financial soundness indicators, and June rows from the Financial Stability Reports (June 2019 industry ratio from the soundness indicators). The 2011 Supervision Report gives 4.1% for agriculture in 2011113, while the 2013 report's table gives 3.0%97.
Central Bank Rate changes since 2022
| Month | Central Bank Rate (%) |
|---|---|
| June 2021 | 6.5 |
| June 2022 | 7.5 |
| July 2022 | 8.5 |
| August 2022 | 9.0 |
| October 2022 | 10.0 |
| August 2023 | 9.5 |
| March 2024 | 10.0 |
| April 2024 | 10.25 |
| August 2024 | 10.0 |
| October 2024 | 9.75 |
| 14 October 2026 | 12.0 |
Source: BoU — Month in which the new rate first appears in the Bank of Uganda monthly series. The October 2026 increase was decided at a special meeting, which also set the rediscount rate at 15.0% and the bank rate at 16.0%.
Agricultural Credit Facility, position at 30 June 2026
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Loans disbursed since inception (number) | 15,313 |
| Cumulative disbursements (UGX billion) | 1,519.11 |
| of which Government contribution (UGX billion) | 771.47 |
| of which lenders' contribution (UGX billion) | 747.64 |
| Government remittances to the facility (UGX billion) | 391.11 |
| Repayments by lenders (UGX billion) | 483.43 |
| Non-performing assets ratio (%) | 3.5 |
| Disbursements in FY2025/26 (UGX billion) | 288.30 |
| Grain trade, share of cumulative value (%) | 41.23 |
| On-farm projects, share of cumulative value (%) | 36.01 |
| Companies and groups, share of cumulative value (%) | 74 |
Agricultural insurance
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Premium subsidy, small-scale farmers (%) | 50 | Scheme design |
| Premium subsidy, large-scale farmers (%) | 30 | Scheme design |
| Premium subsidy, disaster-prone areas (%) | 80 | Scheme design |
| Government premium subsidy (UGX billion a year) | 5 | Stated by IRA, July 2024 |
| Farmers insured | 102,785 | FY2024/25 |
| Sum insured (UGX billion) | 879.79 | FY2024/25 |
| Premiums (UGX billion) | 13.88 | FY2024/25 |
| Claims (UGX billion) | 5.56 | FY2024/25 |
| Farmers insured, cumulative | 1,010,256 | to Sep 2025 |
| Agricultural insurance policies (IRA) | 106,374 | 2024 |
| Insurance penetration, all classes (% of GDP) | 0.87 | 2024 |
Financial inclusion and credit infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Period |
|---|---|---|
| Adults financially included, FinScope (%) | 81 | 2023 |
| Adults formally included, FinScope (%) | 68 | 2023 |
| Rural adults formally included, FinScope (%) | 62 | 2023 |
| Adults with an account, Global Findex (%) | 72.8 | 2024 |
| Adults who borrowed from a formal institution, Global Findex (%) | 10.8 | 2024 |
| Adults receiving payments for agricultural sales, Global Findex (%) | 60.5 | 2024 |
| Persons aged 18+ who accessed a loan, UNHS (%) | 15.3 | 2023/24 |
| Registered mobile money customers (million) | 59.84 | Jul 2026 |
| Licensed credit reference bureaus | 4 | Oct 2026 |
| SACCOs licensed by the tier 4 regulator (Ministry of Finance) | 201 | Apr 2026 |
Source: BoU · World Bank Global Findex · UBOS · MoFPED — FinScope covers adults aged 16+ and Findex adults aged 15+. Of persons who accessed a loan in 2023/24, 51.0% borrowed from village savings and loan or rotating groups and 10.6% from commercial banks.
Sustainable finance5 datasets
US$ billion, unconditional and conditional, NDC of September 2022
Mitigation contribution by sector in 2030, Mt CO2-equivalent below business as usual
Source: MWE — The full target of 36.75 Mt CO2-equivalent equals 24.7% of business-as-usual emissions in 2030, of which 5.9 percentage points unconditional and 18.8 conditional. Agriculture, forestry and land use deliver 82.7%.
GCF financing, US$ million, single-country and multi-country projects that include Uganda
Source: GCF — Multi-country amounts are not attributed to Uganda. The GCF country page lists 21 projects for Uganda with US$235 million of financing in October 2026.
Green finance framework
| Instrument | Issuer | Date | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Climate Change Risk Policy | Bank of Uganda | 2022 | Internal policy |
| Membership of the NGFS | Bank of Uganda | March 2023 | Member |
| Industry ESG Framework for banks | Bank of Uganda and Uganda Bankers' Association | 4 June 2024 | Launched |
| Climate Change Mechanisms Regulations (SI 2025 No. 9) | Ministry of Water and Environment | 24 January 2025 | In force |
| National Climate Finance Vehicle | Ministry of Finance | 7 May 2025 | Approved |
| National Green Taxonomy | Ministry of Finance | 11 September 2025 | Launched |
| Guidelines for the Management of Climate-related Financial Risks | Bank of Uganda | October or December 2025 | Issued, IFRS S1 and S2 adoption by January 2028 |
| Sovereign green bond framework | Ministry of Finance | Workshop May 2026 | In preparation, no green bond issued |
Green Climate Fund projects related to agriculture
| Project | Entity | Countries | Approved | GCF amount (US$ m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP034 Resilient communities and wetlands | UNDP | Uganda | 15 Dec 2016 | 24.1 |
| FP078 Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund | Acumen | 5 countries | 1 Mar 2018 | 26.0 |
| FP269 DaIMA dairy programme | IFAD | 4 countries | 3 Jul 2025 | 150.0 |
| FP280 REDD+ results-based payments 2016–2017 | FAO | Uganda | 30 Oct 2025 | 31.0 |
| FP293 Food Securities Fund, cocoa and coffee | Clarmondial | 10 countries | 28 Mar 2026 | 56.0 |
Source: GCF — Amounts are GCF financing for the whole project, including other countries for multi-country projects.
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