Sources & verification

African Development Bank Group (AfDB)

• Nigeria, the African Development Bank Group approves $200 million to boost agricultural production and reduce food imports (press release, 13 February 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The Board approved a US$200 million loan for the second phase of the National Agricultural Growth Scheme-Agro-Pocket (NAGS-AP), to be implemented over four years from March 2026, with targets to increase wheat production fivefold and rice output by 20% and to expand access to crop insurance. Phase one supported 118,000 hectares of wheat in the 2023/2024 dry season, and 650,000 smallholder farmers have benefited to date.
  https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/nigeria-african-development-bank-group-approves-200-million-boost-agricultural-production-and-reduce-food-imports-90885
• Nigeria, African Development Bank Board approves $134 million loan to boost local food production (press release, 18 July 2022)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. US$134 million loan for the National Agriculture Growth Scheme-Agro Pocket programme, targeting an increase of cereals and oil grains production by 7 million tonnes in September 2022-December 2023, for maize, rice, wheat, soya beans and sorghum. Board approval on Friday 15 July 2022, press release of 18 July 2022.
  https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/nigeria-african-development-bank-board-approves-134-million-loan-boost-local-food-production-53540
• African Development Bank loans Nigeria $210 million for Special Agro-Industrial Processing Zones (press release, 14 December 2021)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Approved by the Board on 13 December 2021: an AfDB loan of US$160 million and an Africa Growing Together Fund loan of US$50 million for the first phase of the Special Agro-Industrial Processing Zones programme in seven states and the FCT, to be implemented with co-financing from other partners in the amount of US$538.05 million. Phase one targets 1.5 million households as direct beneficiaries and 400,000 direct jobs.
  https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/african-development-bank-loans-nigeria-210-million-special-agro-industrial-processing-zones-47930

African Union Commission

• List of countries which have signed, ratified or acceded to the Agreement establishing the AfCFTA, status of 19 September 2023 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Nigeria signed on 7 July 2019, ratified on 3 December 2020 and deposited its instrument on 5 December 2020. The agreement entered into force on 30 May 2019.
  https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36437-sl-AGREEMENT_ESTABLISHING_THE_AFRICAN_CONTINENTAL_FREE_TRADE_AREA_0.pdf

Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN)

• ARCN home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Page of the council that coordinates the national agricultural research institutes.
  https://arcn.gov.ng/

Bank of Agriculture Limited (BOA)

• BOA Launches N200bn Guaranteed Minimum Price Programme (press release, 8 September 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. BOA announced an NGN 200 billion Guaranteed Minimum Price programme to aggregate at least 500,000 tonnes of maize, rice, sorghum and soybeans from the 2025 seasons, using warehouse receipts through commodity exchanges. This is an announced programme size, not disbursement. The home page counters are undated and are not used.
  https://boanig.com/boa-launches-guaranteed-minimum-price-programme/
• About BOA (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Incorporated as the Nigerian Agricultural Bank in 1972 and operational in 1973. The page states ownership of 60% by the Ministry of Finance Incorporated and 40% by the Central Bank of Nigeria, and 110 branches nationwide. The CBN's 2022 financial statements record a 14.0% holding in BOA (cbn-fs-2022). The page does not date the ownership figures.
  https://boanig.com/about-boa/
• Renewed Hope National Agricultural Mechanization Program (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Run by BOA with Heifer Nigeria, offering 2,000 tractors and 9,000 implements, with a down payment of 10-25%, repayment over 3-5 years under a pay-as-you-service model. No naira amounts are given.
  https://boanig.com/namp/
• Renewed Hope Smallholder Support and Value-Chain Fund, expression of interest (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. A financing intervention for smallholders delivered through farmer aggregator companies with an annual turnover of at least NGN 500 million and a NIRSAL letter of intent to guarantee. A partnership with the All Farmers Association of Nigeria announced on 2 October 2026 targets 400,000 farmers for dry-season financing (https://boanig.com/boa-afan-dry-season-financing-400000-farmers/). Fund size and terms are not stated.
  https://boanig.com/rh-shf/
• Our management (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Managing Director and Chief Executive Ayodeji Oludare Sotinrin.
  https://boanig.com/our-management/

Budget Office of the Federation

• 2026 Appropriation Bill FINAL (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Aggregate expenditure NGN 68,323,309,818,667. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security: recurrent (non-debt) NGN 147,521,140,591, capital NGN 3,259,020,420,697, multilateral and bilateral loan-funded projects NGN 168,126,816,765 (own sum NGN 3,574.7 billion, 5.23% of aggregate expenditure, own calculation). Federal Ministry of Livestock Development: recurrent NGN 18,043,889,285 and capital NGN 159,592,282,214. These are appropriations, not releases. The State House announced on 17 April 2026 that the President had assented to the 2026 Appropriation Bill with aggregate expenditure of NGN 68.32 trillion, coming into force on 1 April 2026 (statehouse-budget-2026), so the amounts are read from the bill as passed.
  https://budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2026-appropriation-bill-final/2026-appropriation-bill-final/download
• Appropriation Act, 2025 (Repeal and Enactment) Bill 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Aggregate expenditure NGN 48,316,242,591,785. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security: recurrent NGN 155,355,615,430, capital NGN 1,418,734,561,617, loan-funded NGN 208,466,044,928 (own sum NGN 1,782.6 billion, 3.69% of aggregate). Capital supplementation line 287 (page 12), Recapitalization of the Bank of Agriculture (BOA), NGN 1,500,000,000,000. The Budget Office stated on 7 January 2026 that the repeal and re-enactment had proceeded through the National Assembly and presidential assent (statehouse-repeal-2026). Amounts are read from the bill. The 2025 Act was later amended and the implementation of its capital component extended (statehouse-budget-2026), so the lines in force may differ.
  https://budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2025-repeal-bill/2025-repeal-bill/download
• Appropriation Act, 2024 (Repeal and Enactment Bill - 2), 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Aggregate expenditure NGN 43,561,041,744,507. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security: recurrent NGN 110,248,278,868, capital NGN 1,334,841,247,556, loan-funded NGN 29,504,742,593 (own sum NGN 1,474.6 billion, 3.39% of aggregate). Livestock development programme NGN 75 billion. The Budget Office stated on 7 January 2026 that the repeal and re-enactment had proceeded through the National Assembly and presidential assent (statehouse-repeal-2026). Amounts are read from the bill.
  https://budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/2024-repeal-bill/2024-repeal-bill/download

Budget Office of the Federation, published by the State House

• On the repeal and re-enactment of the 2024 and 2025 Appropriation Acts and budget transparency (statement, 7 January 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-20 · Read on 20 October 2026. Statement of the Budget Office of the Federation signed by its Director-General, Tanimu Yakubu. It states that the repeal and re-enactment of the 2024 and 2025 Appropriation Acts proceeded through the National Assembly and presidential assent. It gives no amounts and no assent dates.
  https://statehouse.gov.ng/on-the-repeal-and-re-enactment-of-the-2024-and-2025-appropriation-acts-and-budget-transparency/

Cadre Harmonisé (CILSS / AGRHYMET)

• Results of the updated projected situation of acute food and nutritional insecurity (June-August 2026), Sahel, West Africa and Cameroon, 2 July 2026 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Nigeria accounts for nearly 66% of people in Phase 3 or above in the region, with 36.3 million, about 2 million in Emergency (Phase 4) and more than 10,000 people in Catastrophe (Phase 5) in Borno State. Nigeria updated the projection for nine states during the February-March 2026 cycle.
  https://agrhymet.cilss.int/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/CH-FICHE-COMMUNICATION-JUIN-2026_english.pdf

Cadre Harmonisé (CILSS / AGRHYMET) with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security

• Nigeria, Cadre Harmonisé analysis of acute food and nutrition insecurity, current (October-December 2025) and projected (June-August 2026) (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. About 27.2 million people in 27 states and the FCT were in Crisis (Phase 3) or worse in October-December 2025, and about 34.7 million were projected for June-August 2026, of an analysed population of 217.9 million. The text notes rising costs of energy, fertilisers (up by approximately 56%) and agrochemicals.
  https://agrhymet.cilss.int/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/snapshop_Nigeria_nov25.pdf

Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)

• Monetary Policy Decisions, key decisions of the Monetary Policy Committee (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Monetary Policy Rate decisions as printed: 2022 retained at 11.5% (January, March), raised to 13.0% (23-24 May), 14.0% (18-19 July), 15.5% (26-27 September, CRR raised to 32.5%) and 16.5% (21-22 November). 2023 raised to 17.5% (January), 18.0% (20-21 March), 18.5% (23-24 May) and 18.75% (24-25 July, corridor adjusted to +100/-300 basis points). 2024 raised to 22.75% (26-27 February, CRR from 32.5% to 45%), 24.75% (25-26 March), 26.25% (20-21 May), 26.75% (22-23 July, corridor +500/-100) and 27.25% (23-24 September, CRR of deposit money banks to 50%). The November 2024 meeting is not on the page (see cbn-mpc-155-2024). 2025 retained at 27.50% (19-20 February, 19-20 May, 21-22 July), reduced by 50 basis points to 27.00% (22-23 September, corridor +250/-250, CRR for commercial banks 45%, 75% CRR on non-TSA public sector deposits), retained at 27.0% (24-25 November, corridor +50/-450). 2026 reduced to 26.5% (23-24 February), retained (19-20 May, 20-21 July), and at the 307th meeting of 21-22 September 2026 the MPC decided to reset the Monetary Policy Rate at 23 per cent and recalibrate the corridor to +50/-300 basis points. The page heads the January 2023 meeting 23-24 January and its text says 21-22 January, the communiqué listing gives 23-24 January 2023.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/MonetaryPolicy/decisions.html
• 2025 Statistical Bulletin, Financial Statistics, Tables A.10-A.13 (XLSX, September 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Table A.10 Sectoral Distribution of Commercial Banks' Loans and Advances (NGN billion, end-December, computed from deposit money banks' returns, IFRS-compliant from March 2014), agriculture / total: 2010 128.41 / 7,706.43, 2011 255.21 / 7,312.73, 2012 316.36 / 8,150.03, 2013 343.70 / 10,005.59, 2014 478.91 / 12,889.42, 2015 449.31 / 13,086.20, 2016 525.95 / 16,117.29, 2017 528.24 / 15,740.59, 2018 610.15 / 15,134.20, 2019 772.38 / 17,187.77, 2020 1,049.68 / 20,373.49, 2021 1,457.82 / 24,378.19, 2022 1,812.47 / 29,445.87, 2023 2,255.36 / 44,536.13, 2024 2,854.51 / 59,216.95, 2025 3,608.09 / 57,314.44 (shares are own calculations). The total includes credit to government. Table A.11 Monetary Policy Rate, end of period: 2015 11, 2016 14, 2017 14, 2018 14, 2019 13.5, 2020 11.5, 2021 11.5, 2022 16.5, 2023 18.75, 2024 27.5, 2025 27. Table A.12 weighted average lending rates of deposit money banks (annual averages of quarters), prime / maximum: 2015 16.85 / 26.71, 2016 16.87 / 27.29, 2017 17.56 / 30.60, 2018 19.33 / 28.16, 2019 15.53 / 30.57, 2020 12.32 / 28.64, 2021 11.48 / 28.06, 2022 12.33 / 28.11, 2023 14.01 / 27.98, 2024 16.29 / 29.20, 2025 18.45 / 29.73. Table A.13 prescribed cash reserve ratio 2023 32.5, 2024 50 (from Q3), 2025 Q4 45 (75 for non-TSA public funds).
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2026/STD/2025%20Statistical%20Bulletin_Financial%20%20SectorF.xlsx
• Quarterly Statistical Bulletin Vol. 15 No. 2, June 2026, Tables A.10.2 and A.13 (XLSX)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Table A.10.2 Deposit Money Banks' Sectoral Distribution of Credit (NGN million), agriculture / total: December 2025 3,608,088.5 / 57,314,435.3, March 2026 3,863,426.8 / 59,735,112.7, June 2026 4,155,990.6 / 62,785,102.9 (6.62%, own calculation). The values for December match the annual bulletin. Table A.13 consolidated loans of six development finance institutions (BOI, NEXIM, BOA, TIB, DBN, FMBN), NGN million, end-2025 2,969,472.0, not broken down by institution or sector.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2026/STD/Q2%202026%20bulletin_Combine.xlsx
• 2024 Statistical Bulletin, Real Sector, Tables C.3.1 and C.3.6 ACGSF operations (XLSX, December 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Table C.3.6, loans guaranteed during the year under the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund, number / NGN million: 2010 50,849 / 7,740.5, 2011 56,328 / 10,189.6, 2012 48,736 / 9,706.8, 2013 56,277 / 9,424.4, 2014 72,322 / 12,997.0, 2015 69,436 / 11,442.0, 2016 58,548 / 8,104.8, 2017 41,341 / 5,849.4, 2018 30,612 / 4,377.6, 2019 28,903 / 4,070.0, 2020 30,267 / 4,321.7, 2021 31,591 / 5,786.7, 2022 43,837 / 8,481.6, 2023 34,971 / 8,396.8, 2024 35,227 / 10,444.9. Cumulative 1981-2024 1,336,596 loans, NGN 155.74 billion. In 2024 individuals took 34,491 of the loans. Table C.3.1, 2024 value by purpose (NGN million): food crops 5,342.7, mixed farming 1,990.2, cash crops 1,080.9, livestock 1,005.2, fishery 699.1, others 326.8. Table C.3.1 totals differ from C.3.6 in 2014-2016 and 2019, C.3.6 is used. The 2025 bulletin no longer carries ACGSF tables.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2025/STD/2024%20Statistical%20Bulletin_Real%20Sector.xlsx
• CBN lists of supervised institutions, payment service banks, microfinance banks and commercial banks (web pages)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The lists carry no reference date. Payment service banks 5, microfinance banks 790 entries (including NIRSAL MFB), commercial banks 28.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Supervision/Inst-PSB.html
• Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 2007 (Act No. 7), Official Gazette No. 55, Vol. 94, 1 June 2007 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Commencement 25 May 2007, repeals the CBN Act 1991. s.2 objects include monetary and price stability and a sound financial system. s.31 (developmental function) allows the Bank to hold shares in corporations set up with Federal Government approval to stimulate financial or economic development, and the Bank may rediscount bills issued to finance seasonal agricultural operations or the marketing of crops maturing within 180 days.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/OUT/PUBLICATIONS/BSD/2007/CBNACT.PDF
• National Collateral Registry (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The NCR portal was launched in May 2016 to facilitate lending to individuals, smallholder farmers and MSMEs, and the Secured Transactions in Movable Assets Act 2017 provides its legal backing. Farm products usable as collateral include seeds, crops in the field and harvested produce, fish stocks, poultry and livestock.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/dfd/ncr.html
• MPC communiqués, document listing (JSON behind the CBN MPC page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Lists the communiqués with their dates, including No. 155 of the 298th meeting (26 November 2024), No. 161 of the 304th meeting (24 February 2026) and No. 164 of the 307th meeting held on 21-22 September 2026. The 2026 PDFs could not be opened.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/api/GetAllMpc?format=json
• January to October 2020 report of activities under the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (XLS)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. January-October 2020: 26,830 loans guaranteed worth NGN 3.60 billion, of which 6,724 to women (NGN 836.4 million), and 17,287 loans fully repaid (NGN 2.49 billion). This is the latest report on the CBN's ACGSF page.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2020/DFD/JANUARY%20TO%20OCTOBER%202020%20STATISTICS%20FROM%20DFOCO.xls
• CBN press releases, document listing (JSON behind the CBN press release page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The listing includes the press release dated 1 April 2026 titled CBN Concludes Banking Sector Recapitalisation Programme, described as NGN 4.65 Trillion Raised to Strengthen Financial System Resilience (file /Out/2026/CCD/CBN Press Release Recapitalisation April 1 2.pdf), and Operational Changes to the Foreign Exchange Market (14 June 2023). The April 2026 PDF itself could not be opened.
  https://www.cbn.gov.ng/api/GetAllPressReleases?format=json

Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), via the Internet Archive

• Monetary Policy Communiqué No. 155, 26 November 2024 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The official file on cbn.gov.ng sits behind a security check, so the Internet Archive capture of the same file was read. 298th meeting, 25-26 November 2024: raise the MPR by 25 basis points to 27.50 per cent from 27.25 per cent, retain the corridor at +500/-100 basis points, retain the CRR of deposit money banks at 50.00% and merchant banks at 16%. Headline inflation 33.88% in October 2024.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250804150445/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/CCD/FINAL%20MPC%20Communique%20No.%20155%20November%2026%202024%2015.08pm.pdf
• Communiqué No. 146 of the Monetary Policy Committee, 23-24 January 2023 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). p.4: between September and October 2022 the Bank disbursed NGN 41.02 billion under the Anchor Borrowers' Programme, bringing cumulative disbursements to NGN 1,067.29 billion to over 4.6 million smallholder farmers cultivating or rearing 21 commodities. Total disbursements under the Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme reached NGN 745.31 billion for 680 projects. The banking system NPL ratio fell from 4.9% in November 2022 to 4.2% in December 2022. This is the latest communiqué found with cumulative ABP and CACS totals.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20251217063342/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2023/CCD/COMMUNIQUE%20NO%20146%20OF%20THE%20MONETARY%20POLICY%20COMMITTEE%20Jan23_24%202023.docx.pdf
• Monetary Policy Communiqué No. 150, 27 February 2024 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Monetary policy rate increased by 400 basis points to 22.75 percent. Headline inflation 29.90% in January 2024, food inflation 35.41%. The MPC called on the Bank to increase system buffers by recapitalising the banks.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20251217072453/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/CCD/MPC%20Communique%20No%20150%20of%20the%20CBN%20Feb%202024.pdf
• Monetary Policy Communiqué No. 159, 23 September 2025 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Monetary policy rate reduced to 27.00 per cent. Fourteen banks had fully met the new capital requirement. Headline inflation 20.12% in August 2025.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20251206133204/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2025/CCD/Final%20MPC%20Communique%20No.%20159%20September%2023%202025.pdf
• Monetary Policy Communiqué No. 160, 25 November 2025 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Monetary policy rate retained at 27.0 per cent. Sixteen banks had achieved full compliance with the revised capital requirements.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20251217053318/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2025/CCD/MPC%20Communique%20No.%20160%20%20November%2025%202025.pdf
• Financial Stability Report, December 2024 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Section 3.1.1.1: the NPL ratio rose to 4.87% at end-December 2024 from 4.12% at end-June 2024. Figure 3.1 NPL ratio: end-June 2022 4.95, end-December 2022 4.21, end-June 2023 4.14, end-December 2023 4.34, end-June 2024 4.12, end-December 2024 4.87%. Table 2.3: total credit NGN 59,216.95 billion at end-December 2024, of which agriculture NGN 2,854.51 billion (4.8 per cent). Recoveries across all intervention projects NGN 394.24 billion in the second half of 2024. No sectoral NPL ratio for agriculture is published.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20260210093501/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2025/FPRD/DECEMBER%202024%20FINANCIAL%20STABILITY%20REPORT%20FINAL.pdf
• Financial Stability Report, June 2025 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). The NPL ratio rose to 5.76% at end-June 2025, above the regulatory benchmark of 5.00%. Recoveries of intervention funds in the first half of 2025 were NGN 313.19 billion. Appendix 7, real sector initiatives, July-December 2024 / January-June 2025 (NGN billion): Anchor Borrowers' Programme no disbursement in either period, repayment 10.39 / 6.92, Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme no disbursement, repayment 22.14 / 8.61. Agriculture NGN 3,186.52 billion, 5.48% of credit at end-June 2025. Section 2.6.1: 74.00% of Nigerians were financially included at end-June 2025 against the NFIS target of 95%.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20260124212211/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2026/FPRD/FSR%20JUNE%202025%20EDITION%20aft.pdf
• 2022 Annual Economic Report, Table 2.6.2 Disbursements and Repayments of CBN Interventions (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Flows during the year, NGN billion (own rounding): agriculture interventions disbursed 448.26 in 2021 and 175.38 in 2022, repaid 355.40 and 214.60. Anchor Borrowers' Programme disbursed 417.02 (2021) and 139.25 (2022, 85 anchors, 1,230,087 farmers), repaid 256.98 and 115.26. Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme disbursed 29.35 (2021) and 28.24 (2022), repaid 71.82 and 78.91. In 2022 the MPC raised the policy rate four times by a cumulative 500 basis points to 16.50%.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20251206183628/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/RSD/2022%20ANNUAL%20REPORT.pdf
• Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2022, Notes 18 and 21 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Note 18, gross balances of the Bank, NGN million, 31 December 2022 / 2021: Anchor Borrowers' programme 620,378 / 943,289, loans to deposit money banks under the Commercial Agricultural Credit Scheme 160,060 / 201,857, Accelerated Agricultural Development 9,589 / 19,615. The Bank invested NGN 72.5 billion in debenture stocks issued by NIRSAL Plc in 2014. Note 21: the CBN holds 100% of NIRSAL Plc and is an associate shareholder of the Bank of Agriculture (14.0%), the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (40.0%) and NIRSAL Microfinance Bank (40%). BOA was incorporated on 24 November 1972 as the Nigerian Agricultural Bank and renamed Bank of Agriculture Limited on 6 October 2010, owned by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Finance Incorporated and the CBN. The ACGSF was established by Decree No. 20 of 1977. NIRSAL Microfinance Bank was incorporated on 25 March 2019.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250608125437/https://www.cbn.gov.ng//Out/2023/CCD/2022%20CBN%20FINANCIAL%20STATEMENT.pdf
• Revised Anchor Borrowers' Programme Guidelines, revised September 2021 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Section 1.1: the CBN established the ABP under section 31 of the CBN Act 2007 to create economic linkages between smallholder farmers and reputable companies (anchors), with loans in kind and cash. Repayment by produce and/or cash (3.4), equity contribution of farmers of a minimum of 10% of the loan for commodity associations (3.5), and the CBN bears 50% of the credit risk after all means of recovery have been exhausted by the participating financial institution (4.6).
  http://web.archive.org/web/20251020212313/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2021/CCD/ABP%20Guidelines%20October%2013%202021%20-%20Final%20(002).pdf
• Circular FPR/DIR/PUB/CIR/001/058, Adjustment of Interest Rate on All CBN Interventions, 17 August 2022 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file, scanned). The interest rate on all intervention facilities, reduced from 9% to 5% a year as a COVID-19 measure, reverts to 9% a year for facilities granted from 20 July 2022 and for existing facilities from 1 September 2022.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250608125018/https://www.cbn.gov.ng//Out/2022/FPRD/Circular%20on%20Adjustment%20of%20Interest%20rates%20on%20all%20CBN%20Interventions,%20dated%20August%2017,%202022.pdf
• Keynote address by Olayemi Cardoso, Governor, at the CIBN 58th Annual Bankers' Dinner, 24 November 2023 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Para 41: the CBN was engaged in quasi-fiscal activities that pumped over 10 trillion naira into the economy through initiatives in sectors from agriculture to aviation and power. Para 43: the CBN will discontinue direct quasi-fiscal interventionist activities and use orthodox monetary policy tools, and has approved the adoption of an explicit inflation-targeting framework.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250723161712/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2023/CCD/Governor_Address_CIBN_AnnualDinner_24Nov_Ver2%20Lagos%202.pdf
• Handover of Fertilizer to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, remarks by the Governor, 13 March 2024 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). The CBN has veered away from direct quasi-fiscal interventions, and hands over 2.15 million bags of fertilizer, valued at over 100 billion naira, to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250725151409/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/CCD/Governor's%20Remarks%20At%20Handover%20of%20Fertiliser.pdf
• Press release, Operational Changes to the Foreign Exchange Market, 14 June 2023 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file, scanned). Abolishment of segmentation, with all segments merged into the Investors and Exporters window, re-introduction of the willing buyer, willing seller model, government transactions at the weighted average of the preceding day's I&E rate, and cessation of the RT200 rebate scheme and the Naira4Dollar scheme with effect from 30 June 2023. The release does not use the word float.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20260131230743/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2023/CCD/Operational%20Changes%20to%20FX%20Market.pdf
• Frequently Asked Questions on the Banking Sector Recapitalization Programme 2024 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file, which the CBN lists with the circular FPR/DIR/PUB/CIR/002/009 of 28 March 2024). Minimum capital (NGN billion): commercial banks with international authorisation 500, national 200, regional 50, merchant banks 50, non-interest banks national 20 and regional 10, as paid-in capital (paid-up plus share premium) only. Banks have 24 months to comply, from 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2026.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250726032850/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/CCD/Recapitalization_MARCH_2024.pdf
• Communiqué No. 148 of the 291st Monetary Policy Committee meeting, 23-24 May 2023 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). The capital adequacy ratio stood at 12.8%, the NPL ratio at 4.4% and the liquidity ratio at 45.3% in April 2023. Headline inflation 22.22% in April 2023.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250904100914/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2023/CCD/COMMUNIQUE%20NO%20148%20MPC%20FOR%20THE%20291ST%20MEETING%20-%2023%20-%2024%20MAY%202023%20(1).pdf
• Communiqué No. 149 of the 292nd Monetary Policy Committee meeting, 24-25 July 2023 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). The NPL ratio was 4.1% and the capital adequacy ratio 11.2% at end-June 2023. Headline inflation 22.79% in June 2023.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250914152833/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2023/CCD/COMMUNIQUE%20No.%20149%20of%20the%20292nd%20MPC%20Meeting%20held%20on%20-%2024%20-%2025%20July%202023.pdf
• IDP claims settled under the ACGSF, January to December 2020 to 2024 (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file). Interest Drawback Programme claims processed under the ACGSF, number of claims: 2020 16,218, 2021 17,833, 2022 22,133, 2023 17,392, 2024 6,837. The values printed (191.2 million in 2020 to 433.5 million in 2023 and 144.2 million in 2024) carry no currency unit.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20250826033605/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/CCD/Processed%20IDP%20Claims%20from%202020%20to%202024.pdf
• Guidelines for the Private Sector-Led Accelerated Agriculture Development Scheme (P-AADS) (PDF, Internet Archive copy of the CBN file)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (Internet Archive capture of the official file, listed by the CBN on 10 November 2020). The maximum loan under the scheme is NGN 2 billion per obligor, with tenors of up to six years for annual crops and ten years for perennial crops.
  http://web.archive.org/web/20251113183150/https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/2020/dfd/guidelines%20for%20the%20p-aads.pdf

Debt Management Office Nigeria (DMO)

• Green Bond document folder (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Lists the offer documents of Series I (December 2017), Series II (June 2019) and Series III (June 2025), the 2018 FGN Green Bond Framework, the Federal Republic of Nigeria Sustainable Bond Framework and the Green Bond Issuance Impact Report of May 2025.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/fgn-bonds/green-bond
• FGN Green Bond Series I Pricing Supplement (PDF, December 2017)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Series I, 5-year 13.48% fixed rate bonds due 2022, aggregate nominal amount NGN 10,690,000,000. The FMDQ ticker shows maturity on 22 December 2022.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/2292-green-bond-pricing-supplement/file
• Sovereign Green Bond Series III Offer for Subscription (PDF, June 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Up to NGN 50 billion 5-year FGN green bond due 2030, coupon band 18.75%-19.25%, offer 16-18 June 2025, settlement 23 June 2025, proceeds for green projects aligned with the 2025 Sustainable Bond Framework.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/5339-sovereign-green-bond-series-iii-offer-for-subscription/file
• Sovereign Green Bond Offer Closes with N91.42 Billion in Total Subscriptions (press release, PDF, 19 June 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The offer of NGN 50 billion closed on 18 June 2025 with subscriptions of NGN 91.42 billion, NGN 47.355 billion was allotted at a coupon of 18.95% per annum. Proceeds fund projects in the 2024 Appropriation Act.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/5348-press-release-sovereign-green-bond-offer-closes-with-91-42-billion/file
• DMO Lists N47.335 Billion Series III Green Bond on NGX and FMDQ Exchanges (press release, 13 May 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The 18.95% NGN 47.355 billion Series III Sovereign Green Bond due June 2030 was listed on the Nigerian Exchange and FMDQ Securities Exchange on 13 May 2026. The headline gives 47.335 and the text 47.355, the amount of the June 2025 allotment.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/press-release-dmo-lists-n47-335-billion-series-iii-green-bond-on-ngx-and-fmdq-exchanges
• Sovereign Green Bond Series II Offer for Subscription (PDF, June 2019)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Book build from 3 to 10 June 2019, settlement 13 June 2019, proceeds solely for green projects identified by the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate Change and approved in the 2018 Appropriation Act, assessed by Moody's.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/2809-fgn-green-bond-offer-for-subscription-series-ii/file

Development Bank of Nigeria Plc (DBN)

• Integrated and Statutory Report 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Loans disbursed in 2025 NGN 359.2 billion (the report also prints NGN 358.8 billion, and the cumulative series implies NGN 356.1 billion, own calculation), outstanding balance NGN 521.6 billion at end-2025. Cumulative disbursements since inception (NGN billion): 2018 30.2, 2019 132.7, 2020 323.2, 2021 482.2, 2022 631.8, 2023 787.4, 2024 1,060.7, 2025 1,416.8. 84 participating financial institutions. Shareholders AfDB, EIB, Ministry of Finance Incorporated and NSIA. The report does not give the share of agriculture in disbursements.
  https://dbn-bucket.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/interactive_report/2025/ANNUAL_INTERGRATED_AND_STATUTARY_REPORT_2025.pdf
• Agriculture's Missing Capital, DBN Data Story (web page, August 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. DBN states that in 2025 it channelled more than NGN 35 billion to over 9,000 agribusinesses. Its credit and GDP figures repeat CBN and NBS data, which are cited directly in this profile.
  https://data.devbankng.com/stories/agriculture
• Who we are (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The DBN was set up by the Federal Government with the African Development Bank, AFD, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank and KfW to provide finance and partial credit guarantees to MSMEs and small corporates through financial intermediaries.
  https://www.devbankng.com/who-we-are

Energy Transition Office, Federal Government of Nigeria

• Nigeria Energy Transition Plan, Finance and Investment (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. To deliver the net-zero target by 2060 Nigeria requires about US$410 billion above business-as-usual spending between 2021 and 2060. The plan covers energy and does not treat agriculture as a sector.
  https://energytransition.gov.ng/finance-and-investment/

Enhancing Financial Innovation & Access (EFInA)

• Access to Financial Services in Nigeria (A2F) 2023 Survey Report (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Adults aged 18+. Formal financial inclusion rose from 57% in 2020 to 64% in 2023, overall inclusion to 74%, and 26% (28.9 million) were excluded. Rural 63% and urban 83% included. Figure 21, access strand of adults whose main income is from farming activities: banked 36%, other formal (non-bank) 15%, informal only 20%, excluded 30%.
  https://a2f.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A2F-2023-SURVEY-REPORT-1.pdf

FMDQ Securities Exchange

• Listing of the Access Bank PLC Climate Bond Certified Green Bond, and FMDQ Green Exchange (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Access Bank PLC NGN 15.00 billion 5-year 15.50% fixed rate senior unsecured green bond due 2024, described as the first Climate Bond Certified corporate green bond in Africa, the first corporate bond under the Nigerian Green Bond Market Development Programme launched in June 2018 by FMDQ, the Climate Bonds Initiative and FSD Africa. The Green Exchange ticker lists 13.48 FGNGB 22-DEC-2022, 14.50 FGNGB 13-JUN-2026, 15.50 ACCESSGB 18-MAR-2024 and NSP-SPV green bonds due 2031 and 2034.
  https://fmdqgroup.com/greenexchange/access-bank-plc-pioneer-climate-bond-certified-green-bond/
• Lagos State Champions Sustainability with N244.82 Billion Green and Fixed Rate Bonds on FMDQ Platform (web page, 26 February 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Listing of the Lagos State NGN 14.82 billion 5-year 16.00% Series 3 fixed rate green bond and an NGN 230 billion 10-year Series 4 bond, which is not labelled green.
  https://fmdqgroup.com/lagos-state-champions-sustainability-with-%e2%82%a6244-82-billion-green-and-fixed-rate-bonds-on-fmdq-platform/

Federal Government of Nigeria (Federal Ministry of Environment and DMO)

• 2nd Green Bond Issuance Impact Report as at March 2025 (PDF, posted June 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The two sovereign green bonds raised NGN 25.69 billion. Series I NGN 10.69 billion in December 2017. Series II NGN 15 billion, issued 13 June 2019, 7 years, coupon 14.5%, 23 projects. Table 3, Series II commitment / disbursement / utilisation (NGN million): renewable energy and energy efficiency 8,264 / 8,264 / 8,232, clean transportation 2,097.12 / 2,097.12 / 1,447.51, water and wastewater 2,818 / 2,818 / 2,818, agriculture 600 / 600 / 599, afforestation 1,220.88 / 1,220.88 / 1,220.82, total 15,000 / 15,000 / 14,316 (95.44% utilised as of March 2025). The agriculture project was a pilot demonstration of agroforestry, farmer-managed natural regeneration and conservation agriculture in 10 states including the FCT, 15 ha per state, completed in December 2021.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/5337-green-bond-issuance-impact-report-may-2025/file

Federal Military Government of Nigeria, scan hosted by the Adamawa State Ministry of Lands

• Land Use Decree 1978 (Decree No. 6), Supplement to Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 14, Vol. 65, 29 March 1978 (PDF scan)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Scanned gazette, commencement 29 March 1978. Section 1 vests land in each State in the Governor. Used alongside the LFN 2004 text (land-use-act).
  https://lands.adamawastate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NIGERIA-LAND-USE-ACT-GAZZETED-1978.pdf

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (FMAFS)

• National Agri-Food Systems Investment Plan (NASIP) 2026-2027 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Foreword dated November 2025. Table 3.2, planned budget 2026-2027 (NGN billion, own rounding): institutional development 611.7 (9%), production, value chains and exports 1,223.4 (19%), digital and climate-smart agriculture 305.8 (5%), short-term productivity drivers 2,400.9 (37%), finance, marketing and insurance 712.2 (11%), land, water and biodiversity 611.7 (9%), gender and social inclusion 611.7 (9%), total 6,477.3 (3,084.9 in 2026, 3,392.3 in 2027). The costing assumes ministries keep their 2025 appropriation shares in the MTEF 2025-2027 and is a plan. Nigeria signed its CAADP Compact on 30 October 2009, is not on track for the Malabo commitments by 2025 per the 4th Biennial Review, and did not meet the 10% public agriculture expenditure target in any year 2015-2025. In 2024 the government introduced a 150-day duty-free window to allow imports of maize, wheat and husked brown rice, when food inflation reached 40.66% in May 2024.
  https://agriculture.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Agricfood-System-Investment-Plan-1.pdf
• Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The ministry was formerly the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD). Minister of State Senator Aliyu Sabi Abdullahi. The date of the renaming was not found on an official page.
  https://agriculture.gov.ng/
• FG secured loan facility of $134m from AfDB to assist farmers boost seeds and grain production (web page, 14 November 2024)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The NAGS-AP project reported 107,429 wheat farmers supported in the 2023/2024 dry season, 43,997 rice farmers in the 2023/2024 dry season and 192,095 farmers of rice, maize, sorghum, millet, soybean and cassava in the 2024 wet season. Targets for the 2024/2025 dry season were 250,000 wheat farmers on about 250,000 hectares.
  https://agriculture.gov.ng/fg-secured-loan-facility-of-134m-from-afdb-to-assist-farmers-boost-seeds-and-grain-production/
• World Food Day, FG restates commitment to food security as agric sector records 4.39% growth (press release, 16 October 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Statement by the Minister of State citing NBS growth of 4.39% in Q2 2026. The ministry states that 2,000 tractors and implements were commissioned under the Renewed Hope Agricultural Mechanization Programme and that the cooperative framework RH-CRRP 2030 was approved in March 2026. The wheat and NAGS-AP output figures in the statement are ministry claims and are not used.
  https://agriculture.gov.ng/world-food-day-fg-restates-commitment-to-food-security-for-all-nigerians-as-agric-sector-records-4-39-growth/

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (now FMAFS)

• National Agricultural Technology and Innovation Policy (NATIP) 2022-2027 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Foreword by the Minister dated January 2022. Targets the creation of at least 12 million jobs. Thematic area on agricultural lending and insurance: acceptance of movable collateral, de-collateralisation, rural savings and loans, and the recapitalisation and reorganisation of the Bank of Agriculture would be prioritised, CBN and NIRSAL programmes harmonised with BOA, NAIC and commercial banks. Section 2.4.4 notes that the country is yet to establish a functional Agricultural Development Fund.
  https://agriculture.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/National-Agricultural-Technology-and-Innovation-Policy-NATIP-2022-2027.pdf

Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation

• NCP mulls BOA, NIRSAL merger, injection of fresh capital (web page, 24 April 2024)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The National Council on Privatisation considered recommendations of an inter-ministerial committee on the Bank of Agriculture: reconstitution of the board, transfer of NALDA land titles to BOA, capital injection from shareholders, an ICT upgrade and a merger of BOA with NIRSAL Microfinance Bank. No amount is given. These were recommendations.
  https://fmino.gov.ng/ncp-mulls-boa-nirsal-merger-injection-of-fresh-capital/
• FG Reaffirms Commitment to Flood Preparedness, Food Security at 2026 Flood Outlook Presentation (web page, 15 April 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Report of the launch of the Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency 2026 Annual Flood Outlook in Abuja on 15 April 2026. High flood risk 14,118 communities in 266 local government areas across 33 states and the FCT, moderate risk 15,597 communities in 405 LGAs across 35 states, low risk 923 communities in 77 LGAs in 24 states. These are forecast risk classes. The NIHSA site shows the outlook only as a dashboard.
  https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-reaffirms-commitment-to-flood-preparedness-food-security-at-2026-flood-outlook-presentation/
• Ahead Of UN COP 30 In Brazil, FG Okays National Carbon Market Framework (web page, 30 October 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The NCCC, meeting at the Presidential Villa under Vice President Kashim Shettima, approved the adoption of a National Carbon Market Framework and the operationalisation of the Climate Change Fund. The statement cites a potential of US$2.5 billion to US$3 billion a year in carbon finance over the next decade, which is a projection.
  https://fmino.gov.ng/?p=43259
• Statement by the Honourable Minister of Agriculture and Food Security, Senator Abubakar Kyari, on the killing of farmers in Marte, Borno State (web page, 4 October 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Signed by Senator Abubakar Kyari as Minister of Agriculture and Food Security on 4 October 2026.
  https://fmino.gov.ng/statement-by-the-honourable-minister-of-agriculture-and-food-security-senator-abubakar-kyari-con-on-the-killing-of-farmers-in-marte-borno-state/
• FG unveils 2026 Seasonal Climate Prediction (web page, 10 February 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) presented its 2026 Seasonal Climate Prediction in Abuja on 10 February 2026, expecting early onset in parts of the south and the Middle Belt, late onset in Borno State, and normal annual rainfall in most parts with pockets above and below normal.
  https://fmino.gov.ng/fg-unveils-2026-seasonal-climate-prediction-reaffirms-commitment-to-climate-informed-development/

Federal Ministry of Water Resources and Sanitation

• Federal Ministry of Water Resources and Sanitation, home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Minister Professor Joseph Terlumun Utsev. The River Basin Development Authorities sit under this ministry.
  https://waterresources.gov.ng/

Federal Produce Inspection Service (FPIS)

• Federal Produce Inspection Service, home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. A regulatory agency under the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment that enforces export produce standards.
  https://www.fpis.gov.ng/

Federal Republic of Nigeria (DMO)

• Federal Republic of Nigeria Sustainable Bond Framework, March 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Aligned with the ICMA Green and Social Bond Principles. Eligible green categories include sustainable agriculture (regenerative and sustainable agricultural practices, emission reduction in agriculture) and sustainably managed forestry, and social categories include food security and support for smallholders.
  https://www.dmo.gov.ng/5336-federal-republic-of-nigeria-sustainable-bond-framework/file

Federal Republic of Nigeria, gazette copy hosted by PolicyVault Africa

• Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act, 2018 (Act No. 1 of 2019), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 18, Vol. 106, 1 February 2019 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Assent and commencement 30 January 2019, gazette 1 February 2019. The schedule (p. 98) records passage by the House of Representatives on 29 March 2018 and the Senate on 5 December 2018 and presidential assent on 30 January 2019. Establishes the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission and Tribunal and repeals the Consumer Protection Council Act.
  https://www.policyvault.africa/wp-content/uploads/policy/NGA740.pdf

Federal Republic of Nigeria, via Climate Policy Radar

• Nigeria's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), September 2025 (PDF, Climate Policy Radar copy of the UNFCCC submission)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (unfccc.int blocks automated access). p.14: absolute emissions reductions of 168.2 MtCO2e in 2030 and 184.9 MtCO2e in 2035 from base year 2018 towards net zero by 2060, 29% and 32% of net national emissions of 2018, of which 20% unconditional and 80% conditional. p.2: 2018 emissions 573.5 MtCO2e, sector mitigation potential agriculture 2.1 Mt, LULUCF 347.9 Mt. p.13: the 2021 NDC had a base year 2018 of 347 Mt and targets of -20% unconditional and -47% conditional against 2030 business as usual. p.15: agriculture provides 0.4% of the 2030 and 2035 reductions, LULUCF 73.7% (2030). p.18 agriculture mitigation measures: ranching of 15% of the cattle population by 2035, System of Rice Intensification on 40% of irrigated rice, climate-smart agriculture on 20% of cropland. p.28 food and agriculture adaptation: cut pre- and post-harvest losses by 50%, risk financing mechanisms, +1,000,000 ha climate-resilient crops, climate-smart agriculture +1,000,000 ha, irrigation +1,000,000 ha, 114 grazing reserves. p.21: US$337 billion needed 2026-2035, mitigation US$195 billion, adaptation US$141.5 billion, US$67 billion (20%) from domestic resources and US$270 billion (80%) international, index and meso insurance for smallholders listed among adaptation finance instruments. p.2: the National Adaptation Plan was still being completed.
  https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/NGA/2025/nigeria-nationally-determined-contribution-ndc3-0_118a0e2a11891d148b0bf0bacf19022b.pdf

Federal Republic of Nigeria, via FAOLEX

• Plant Variety Protection Act, 2021 (Act No. 5), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 84, Vol. 108, 26 May 2021 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Assented 21 May 2021 and commenced 21 May 2021, gazette 26 May 2021. Passed by the House of Representatives on 17 December 2020 and the Senate on 3 March 2021. Objectives include promoting staple crop productivity for smallholder farmers, investment in plant breeding and the protection of new varieties. s.3 establishes the Plant Variety Protection Office in the National Agricultural Seeds Council. Breeders' rights last 20 years from grant, 25 years for trees and vines.
  https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig214136.pdf
• National Fertilizer Quality (Control) Act, 2019 (Act No. 23), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 115, Vol. 106, 18 December 2019 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Passed by the Senate on 20 March 2019 and the House on 21 May 2019, assented on 15 October 2019, commencement 15 October 2019, gazette 18 December 2019. s.1: to safeguard farmers against nutrient deficiencies, adulteration, misleading claims and short weight. The prescribed authority is the fertilizer department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture. Prohibits the sale of unbranded or misbranded fertilizer and the diversion of fertilizer. s.26 repeals the National Fertilizer Board Act Cap. N39 and the Fertilizer (Control) Act Cap. F25, LFN 2004.
  https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig217470.pdf
• Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (Establishment) Act, 2018 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Establishes the Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of exotic pests and diseases of plants, animals and aquatic resources. The copy prints no commencement or assent date, and its assent block is an unfilled template reading November 2017. No gazette reference was found. The agency lists it as the 2018 Act (https://naqs.gov.ng/laws_and_regulations/).
  https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig217469.pdf

Federal Republic of Nigeria, via the Constitute Project

• Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (rev. 2011), English text (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. This copy does not include the amendments of 2023. Agriculture is largely concurrent. Exclusive Legislative List item 62(b): establishment of a purchasing authority with power to acquire for export or sale in world markets such agricultural produce as may be designated by the National Assembly. Second Schedule Part II (Concurrent List) paragraph 17: the National Assembly may make laws for the establishment of research centres for agricultural studies and of institutions and bodies for the promotion or financing of industrial, commercial or agricultural projects. Paragraph 18: a House of Assembly may make laws for the industrial, commercial or agricultural development of the State. Paragraph 20: agricultural includes fishery. Fourth Schedule paragraph 2(b): local government councils participate in the development of agriculture and natural resources. Section 315(5)(d): the provisions of the Land Use Act shall not be altered or repealed except in accordance with section 9(2).
  https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nigeria_2011.pdf?lang=en

Federal Republic of Nigeria, via the Gazettes.Africa archive

• Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act, 2020 (Act No. 5), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 183, Vol. 107, 17 November 2020 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Assented and commenced on 12 November 2020, gazette 17 November 2020. Repeals BOFIA Cap. B3, LFN 2004. Specialised banks include the Bank of Industry, Bank of Agriculture, Development Bank of Nigeria, NEXIM, microfinance banks and non-interest banks. s.20 allows banks, with CBN approval, to hold shares in agricultural enterprises up to 10% of shareholders' funds per investment. s.102 establishes a Special Tribunal for the Enforcement and Recovery of Eligible Loans.
  https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ng/2020/ng-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2020-11-17-no-183.pdf
• Secured Transactions in Movable Assets Act, 2017 (Act No. 3), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 58, Vol. 104, 31 May 2017 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Assented by the Acting President on 30 May 2017, commencement 30 May 2017, gazette 31 May 2017. Objectives include access to credit secured with movable assets and lending to MSMEs. s.10(1) establishes the National Collateral Registry in the Central Bank. Farm products include crops grown, growing or to be grown, fish stocks, livestock and poultry, seeds, fertilizers and products of crops and livestock in their unprocessed states.
  https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ng/2017/ng-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2017-05-31-no-58.pdf
• Credit Reporting Act, 2017 (Act No. 2), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 57, Vol. 104, 30 May 2017 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Assented by the Acting President on 30 May 2017, commencement 30 May 2017. Provides a framework for credit reporting and the licensing of credit bureaux, to facilitate access to credit and responsible borrowing.
  https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ng/2017/ng-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2017-05-30-no-57.pdf

Federal Republic of Nigeria, via the Nigerian Federal Government repository

• Climate Change Act, 2021 (PDF, certified copy with presidential assent)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 36 sections in 8 Parts. Schedule: passed by the Senate on 18 July 2021 and by the House of Representatives on 13 October 2021. Assented by President Muhammadu Buhari in November 2021, the repository record gives 17 November 2021 (the scanned date is partly illegible). The commencement bracket in the text is blank and no separate commencement notice or gazette number was found. s.1(f) sets a target for 2050-2070 for net-zero GHG emissions. s.3 establishes the National Council on Climate Change, s.5 the Council is chaired by the President. s.15 Climate Change Fund (sources include appropriations, grants, fines, carbon tax and emissions trading). s.19 carbon budget set by the Ministry of Environment with the Ministry of National Planning. s.20 National Climate Change Action Plan in five-year cycles. s.24 private entities with 50 or more employees must put in place measures to achieve annual carbon emission reduction targets and designate a Climate Change Officer. No amendment Act was found.
  https://ngfrepository.org.ng:8443/bitstream/123456789/6359/1/Climate%20Change%20Act%2c%202021.pdf

Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRC)

• Roadmap Report for the Adoption of IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards in Nigeria (Amended 2026) (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Section 6.1: phase 1 early adopters (periods ending on or before 31 December 2023), phase 2 voluntary adopters (periods beginning 1 January 2024 to periods ending 31 December 2027), phase 3 mandatory for all public interest entities for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2028 and for SMEs from 1 January 2030. Section 6.2: governments to adopt the IPSASB sustainability reporting standard from financial years beginning 1 January 2028. The table on p.14 recalls the CBN Sustainable Banking Principles (2012) and the SEC guidelines (2021).
  https://frcnigeria.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Roadmap-Report-for-the-Adoption-of-IFRS-Sustainability-Disclosure-Standards-in-Nigeria-Amended-2026-.pdf

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

• FAOSTAT Production: Crops and livestock products, bulk download all countries (CSV, release of 23 December 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Nigeria (area code 159), production in tonnes with FAOSTAT flags (A official, E estimated, I imputed, X from an external organisation), 2015 / 2020 / 2022 / 2023 / 2024: cassava 57,405,060 A / 55,565,610 A / 61,359,001 I / 62,751,586 E / 62,624,946 E, yams 44,103,900 A / 56,345,530 A / 61,100,195 I / 62,378,631 I / 65,322,032 E, maize 9,540,190 A / 12,403,300 A / 12,948,920 X / 11,053,000 X / 11,164,000 X, rice 7,573,400 A / 8,171,800 A / 8,502,000 A / 8,902,200 A / 9,129,900 A, sorghum 7,005,025 A / 6,590,600 A / 6,806,370 X / 6,402,000 X / 6,500,000 X, millet 1,807,810 A / 1,905,430 A / 1,941,220 X / 1,559,000 X / 1,550,000 X, cowpeas 2,306,200 A / 4,132,850 A / 4,213,094 I / 4,285,753 I / 4,287,631 I, groundnuts 3,467,446 A / 4,230,560 A / 4,284,000 X / 4,300,000 X / 4,300,000 X, soya beans 588,523 A / 1,262,280 A / 1,320,000 X / 1,500,000 X / 1,150,000 X, sesame 432,900 A / 195,427 A / 420,000 X / 450,000 X / 450,000 X, cocoa beans 302,066 A / 357,608 A / 300,000 X / 350,000 X / 350,000 X, cashew nuts in shell 97,149 A / 91,915 A / 90,000 E / 88,475 I / 80,944 I, wheat 60,000 X / 55,000 X / 31,374 I / 48,869 I / 43,927 I, oil palm fruit 8,300,000 E / 10,000,000 E / 11,100,000 E / 11,583,923 I / 11,517,078 I. Maize area harvested 2024 5.50 million ha (X), yield 2,029.8 kg/ha. Stocks 2024 (head, flag I): cattle 20,943,448, goats 90,970,883, sheep 52,136,324, chickens 241.7 million. Own ranking of Nigeria among countries reporting production above zero in 2024 (aggregates and China code 351 excluded): yams 1st of 59 (70.7% of world), cassava 1st of 97 (18.3%), cowpeas 1st of 41 (42.4%), taro 1st of 52, shea nuts 1st of 7, sorghum 2nd of 107 (10.1%), ginger 2nd of 43, groundnuts 3rd of 108, goats 3rd of 181, sesame 4th of 69, cocoa beans 5th of 57. Most of the Nigerian values in these ranks are FAO estimates or imputations (E, I) or figures from an external organisation (X), not official national data.
  https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data.zip
• Global fisheries and aquaculture production, FishStat bulk dataset GlobalProduction_2026.1.0 (CSV, March 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Nigeria (UN code 566), tonnes live weight, own sum of species, capture / aquaculture: 2010 616,981 / 200,535, 2012 668,754 / 253,898, 2014 759,828 / 313,231, 2015 710,331 / 316,727, 2016 734,731 / 306,767, 2017 916,284 / 296,191, 2018 878,155 / 291,323, 2019 825,013 / 289,543, 2020 783,102 / 261,711, 2021 805,210 / 275,645, 2022 784,124 / 259,106, 2023 799,635 / 258,830, 2024 855,310 / 258,230.
  https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Data/GlobalProduction_2026.1.0.zip
• Emissions totals (GT domain), Africa bulk file, Nigeria rows, 1961-2023 (CSV in ZIP)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Source FAO TIER 1, element Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5), kt, all values flagged as estimates, 2010 / 2015 / 2020 / 2023: enteric fermentation 29,001.8 / 35,386.1 / 38,303.5 / 39,841.5, manure left on pasture 15,155.1 / 18,260.1 / 20,149.4 / 21,003.8, rice cultivation 7,457.1 / 11,192.5 / 12,859.8 / 13,824.5, manure management 2,421.3 / 2,631.8 / 3,047.2 / 3,195.7, crop residues 1,698.3 / 1,915.4 / 2,162.8 / 2,136.5, manure applied to soils 999.6 / 1,024.4 / 1,224.9 / 1,288.4, burning crop residues 522.2 / 719.1 / 793.9 / 776.7, synthetic fertilizers 1,452.0 / 1,082.0 / 3,264.4 / 484.5, farm gate total 62,092.0 / 74,441.7 / 84,639.8 / 84,878.0, emissions from livestock 2023 65,329.4, emissions from crops 2023 17,222.2, net forest conversion 2023 44,151.9, agrifood systems 2023 176,814.0, all sectors with LULUCF 2023 436,087.3. Own calculation: enteric fermentation 46.9% of farm-gate emissions in 2023.
  https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Emissions_Totals_E_Africa.zip

Green Climate Fund (GCF)

• Nigeria country page (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 19 projects, GCF financing USD 257 million, readiness support USD 4.9 million. All 19 listed projects are multi-country.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/countries/nigeria
• GCF public API, projects with country-level financing (JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Nigeria country allocation of GCF financing (US$ million), project and approval date: FP027 Universal Green Energy Access 13.60 (14 Oct 2016), FP078 Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund 5.20 (1 Mar 2018), FP092 PIDACC Niger Basin 12.60 (20 Oct 2018), FP095 Transforming Financial Systems for Climate 22.66 (20 Oct 2018), FP099 Climate Investor One 5.26 (20 Oct 2018), FP104 Nigeria Solar IPP Support Program 100.00 (28 Feb 2019, lapsed), FP148 6.66, FP151 0.44, FP152 3.57 (13 Nov 2020), FP168 LEAF 47.85 (1 Jul 2021), FP183 IGREENFIN I 8.99 (29 Mar 2022), FP190 Climate Investor Two 11.53 (20 Jul 2022), FP194 PEEB Cool 29.28 (20 Oct 2022), FP205 14.72 (16 Mar 2023), FP210 KawiSafi II 7.35 (13 Jul 2023), FP222 REPP 2 5.50 (25 Oct 2023), FP252 Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund II 5.10 (24 Oct 2024), FP268 SURAGGWA Great Green Wall 37.50 (3 Jul 2025), FP287 Novastar III 12.25 (30 Oct 2025), FP293 Food Securities Fund cocoa and coffee tranche 5.60 (28 Mar 2026). Own calculation: the six agriculture-related projects FP078, FP092, FP183, FP252, FP268 and FP293 total US$75.0 million for Nigeria. These are approved allocations, not disbursements.
  https://api.gcfund.org/v1/projects
• FP183 Inclusive Green Financing Initiative (IGREENFIN I) (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. GCF USD 116.9 million (loan 82.8 million, grant 34.1 million), 4% disbursed, total value USD 199 million, approved 29 March 2022, 13 countries including Nigeria, accredited entity IFAD, financing agreement effective 30 January 2024. The project greens agricultural lending through banks in Great Green Wall countries.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp183
• FP268 Scaling-Up Resilience in Africa's Great Green Wall (SURAGGWA) (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. GCF USD 150 million grant, 6% disbursed, total value USD 222 million, approved 3 July 2025, eight countries including Nigeria, accredited entity FAO, under implementation.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp268
• FP092 Programme for Integrated Development and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Niger Basin (PIDACC/NB) (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. GCF USD 67.8 million (grant 57.8 million, loan 10 million), total USD 210 million, approved 20 October 2018, nine countries, accredited entity AfDB, effective 19 July 2022, completion 19 July 2028.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp092
• FP078 Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund (ARAF) (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. GCF USD 26 million (equity 23 million, grant 3 million), about 93% disbursed, total USD 56 million, approved 1 March 2018, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp078
• FP252 Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund II (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. GCF USD 34 million (equity 30 million, grant 4 million), total USD 132 million, approved 24 October 2024, seven countries including Nigeria, funded activity agreement effective 6 July 2026.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp252
• FP293 Food Securities Fund Accountable Cocoa and Coffee Tranche (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. GCF USD 56 million (equity 50 million, grant 6 million), total USD 212 million, approved 28 March 2026, 10 countries including Nigeria, accredited entity Clarmondial AG, implementation not started.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp293
• Accredited entity page, Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. NSIA accredited as a direct national entity, approved 25 March 2026, with on-lending and blending among its fiduciary standards. No GCF project implemented by NSIA had been approved by October 2026.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/partners/accredited-entities/nigeria-sovereign-investment-authority

International Finance Corporation, Sustainable Banking Network (SBN)

• SBN Country Progress Report, Nigeria (addendum to the SBN Global Progress Report, 2019) (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The CBN has been an SBN member since 2012. Key documents: Nigerian Sustainable Banking Principles, Guidance Note and Sector Guidelines (CBN, 2012), Reporting Template for the NSBP (CBN, 2014), SEC rule on green bonds (2018), FMDQ green bond listing rules (2018), Nigerian Sustainable Finance Roadmap (FMDQ and UNEP FI, 2018). Nigeria placed at the Advancing stage of the SBN matrix (assessment as of June 2019). The CBN circulars on cbn.gov.ng returned HTTP 403 and were not opened.
  https://sbfnetwork.org/sites/default/files/2025/Apr/SBN_country_reports_country_with_framework_Nigeria.pdf

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

• President's memorandum, proposed additional financing for the Value Chain Development Programme, EB 2019/128/R.35 (PDF, 6 November 2019)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Total programme cost US$329.5 million after the additional financing of 2018 (IFAD loan US$89.1 million) and 2019 (IFAD US$50.0 million, of which US$13.7 million is the climate-finance share), against original financing of US$101.6 million (paragraph 21) and US$104.8 million at approval in 2012 (EB 2012/105/R.9/Rev.1). Expanded from six to nine states (Anambra, Benue, Ebonyi, Enugu, Kogi, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun and Taraba), completion extended to 31 December 2024 and loan closing to 30 June 2025.
  https://webapps.ifad.org/members/eb/128/docs/EB-2019-128-R-35.pdf?attach=1
• President's report, Value Chain Programme in Northern Nigeria (VCN), EB 2024/142/R.11/Rev.1 (PDF, 18 September 2024)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Submitted to the Executive Board session of 18-19 September 2024 for approval. Total programme cost US$158.15 million: IFAD loans US$56.70 million and US$30.00 million, AFD parallel co-financing US$50.80 million, borrower US$12.00 million, beneficiaries US$8.60 million, in Sokoto, Kebbi, Zamfara, Katsina, Jigawa, Borno, Yobe, Kano and Bauchi. The approval decision itself was not seen.
  https://webapps.ifad.org/members/eb/142/docs/EB-2024-142-R-11-Rev-1.pdf?attach=1
• President's report, proposed loan and grant for the Value Chain Development Programme, EB 2012/105/R.9/Rev.1 (PDF, 3 April 2012)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Total programme cost US$104.8 million, IFAD loan SDR 47.85 million (about US$74.4 million) and grant SDR 0.33 million, executing agency the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
  https://webapps.ifad.org/members/eb/105/docs/EB-2012-105-R-9-Rev-1.pdf?attach=1

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)

• IITA home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Agricultural research since 1967, headquarters in Ibadan, Director General Simeon Ehui.
  https://www.iita.org/

International Monetary Fund (IMF), Statistics Department

• IMF, Exchange Rates (ER) dataset – Nigeria, domestic currency per US$ (end of period and period average)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read from the IMF ER series NGA.XDC_USD (dataset page https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA:ER) as compiled in the project's IMF tables on 19 October 2026. The IMF republishes the Central Bank of Nigeria official rate. NGN per US$, end of period: 2010 150.66, 2011 158.27, 2012 157.33, 2013 157.26, 2014 169.68, 2015 197.00, 2016 305.00, 2017 306.00, 2018 307.00, 2019 307.00, 2020 381.00, 2021 435.00, 2022 460.00, 2023 899.89, 2024 1,535.82, 2025 1,435.76. Monthly end of period 2026: January 1,386.55, February 1,363.40, March 1,386.72, April 1,374.94, May 1,373.25, June 1,379.68, July 1,368.22, August 1,332.94. Annual average: 2010 150.30, 2011 153.86, 2012 157.50, 2013 157.31, 2014 158.55, 2015 192.44, 2016 253.49, 2017 305.79, 2018 306.08, 2019 306.92, 2020 358.81, 2021 401.15, 2022 425.98, 2023 645.19, 2024 1,478.97, 2025 1,518.38 (identical to WDI PA.NUS.FCRF). The CBN unified the foreign exchange market segments on 14 June 2023 (cbn-fx-2023-06), so the rate series before and after mid-2023 are not comparable. Rates used in this profile (own calculations): bank loan stocks at the end-of-period rate of the stock date (end-2025 1,435.7571, end-June 2026 1,379.6842), 2026 budget and programme amounts at the end-August 2026 rate of 1,332.9396, full-year 2025 flows at the 2025 average of 1,518.38 and full-year 2024 flows at 1,478.97. The IMF had published every period needed, so no central bank rate was substituted.
  https://api.imf.org/external/sdmx/2.1/data/IMF.STA,ER/NGA.XDC_USD.EOP_RT+PA_RT.A?startPeriod=2009

NIRSAL Plc

• NIRSAL Plc home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. NIRSAL offers credit risk guarantees of up to 75% on principal and accrued interest. The cumulative counters on the page are undated and are not used as period figures.
  https://nirsal.com/
• Who we are, overview, and Impact in numbers (web pages)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. NIRSAL was established in 2013 by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and the Bankers' Committee as a non-bank financial institution to redefine how agricultural credit risks are measured, priced and shared. MD/CEO Sa'ad Hamidu. The impact page (https://nirsal.com/our-impact/impact-in-numbers/) reports NGN 383 billion facilitated for agribusiness in just over a decade, a cumulative counter without a date.
  https://nirsal.com/who-we-are/overview/
• Impact in numbers (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Cumulative website counters without a reference date: NGN 383 billion facilitated for agribusiness in just over a decade, 32 counterparties engaged (14 deposit money banks, 9 microfinance institutions, 4 DFIs, 2 non-interest banks), 3 insurance products developed. Not used as period figures.
  https://nirsal.com/our-impact/impact-in-numbers/

National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)

• About NAFDAC (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Established by Decree No. 15 of 1993 as amended, now the NAFDAC Act Cap. N1 LFN 2004, it regulates the manufacture, import, export, distribution and sale of food, drugs and other regulated products.
  https://nafdac.gov.ng/about-nafdac/

National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS)

• 2025 Wet Season Agricultural Performance in Nigeria, presentation to the Minister of Agriculture and Food Security, 7 October 2025 (PDF slides)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Crop production estimates (tonnes), 2024 / 2025: rice 9,129,907.7 / 9,372,328.7, maize 11,216,837.4 / 11,441,214.7, sorghum 6,416,975.3 / 6,501,048.3, millet 1,546,293.4 / 1,548,408.6, cowpea 4,093,945.3 / 4,284,264.0, groundnut 5,084,548.6 / 5,241,015.9, sesame 508,920.6 / 536,826.9, yam 54,577,973.2 / 55,784,098.6, cassava 64,361,224.6 / 65,385,977.6, soybean 947,952.1 / 951,702.5. The values were read from slide 16, whose text was extracted out of order and matched with the 2024 report. The full 2025 national report was not found.
  https://agriculture.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2025-Wet-Season-Agricultural-Performance-in-Nigeria.pdf
• NAERLS home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. NAERLS is located at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and conducts the annual Agricultural Performance Survey with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security.
  https://naerls.gov.ng/

National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security

• 2024 Wet Season Agricultural Performance in Nigeria, National Report, December 2024 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Chapter 12 production estimates (tonnes), 2023 / 2024: rice 8,902,225.99 / 9,129,907.68 (area 4.51 / 4.57 million ha), maize 11,052,893.28 / 11,216,837.37 (5.10 / 5.06 million ha), sorghum 6,401,598.75 / 6,416,975.27, millet 1,549,044.93 / 1,546,293.37, cowpea 3,924,974.44 / 4,093,945.27, soybean 945,870.10 / 947,952.08, sesame 482,913.61 / 508,920.60, yam 53,398,019.83 / 54,577,973.19, cassava 2024 64,361,224.58 (the text also gives about 65.6 million, the table value is used), groundnut 2024 5,084,548.59. Inputs: average price of NPK NGN 25,400 (2023) and NGN 42,000 (2024), urea NGN 22,350 and NGN 41,300 (bag size not stated), 19 states procured and distributed fertiliser in 2024. Cost of production per hectare: rice NGN 423,400 to 583,505, maize NGN 330,621 to 561,237.
  https://naerls.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Agricultural-Performance-Survey-of-2024-Wet-Season-in-Nigeria.pdf

National Agricultural Seeds Council (NASC), copy of the Official Gazette

• National Agricultural Seeds Council Act, 2019 (Act No. 21), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 142B, Vol. 106, 16 September 2019 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Repeals the National Agricultural Seeds Act, Cap. N5, LFN 2004, to promote a dependable seed industry, regulate the registration of released varieties, protect farmers from poor quality seeds and provide legal backing for seed testing, certification, sale, import and export. Passed by the House of Representatives on 11 December 2018 and the Senate on 17 April 2019, certified by the Clerk on 24 May 2019 and assented by the President on 24 June 2019. Gazette dated 16 September 2019. The commencement date is printed as 24 May 2019.
  https://seedcouncil.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Official-Gazatte-No.-142B-NASC-Act-2019.pdf

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)

• Rebasing of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Key Highlights (PDF, 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The PDF does not print its release date. It sits in the NBS GDP catalogue between the Q4 2024 and Q1 2025 reports and was released in July 2025. Section 2: the rebasing covered 2019-2023 with 2019 as the new base year, a Supply and Use Table of 46 industries and 217 products, SNA 2008, and data from the National Agricultural Sample Census and Survey. Key findings: rebased nominal GDP at market prices NGN 205.09 trillion (2019), 213.64 trillion (2020), 243.30 trillion (2021), 274.23 trillion (2022), 314.02 trillion (2023), 372.82 trillion (2024). Nominal GDP at basic prices was 41.7% above the old 2010-base estimate for 2019 and 35.4% for 2024. Real GDP growth -6.96% (2020), 0.95% (2021), 4.32% (2022), 3.04% (2023), 3.38% (2024). Agriculture grew 2.66% in 2020 and 1.69% in 2024. Nominal structure 2019: agriculture 25.83% on the new base against 22.12% on the old 2010 base. Crop production was 17.58% of 2019 GDP. Better coverage of agriculture following the NASC and NASS led to revisions of 843% in forestry and 458% in livestock.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/147/download/1256
• 2019-2024 rebased GDP figures (Excel workbook)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Sheet GDP_Current%, NGN million at current basic prices, 2019 / 2020 / 2021 / 2022 / 2023 / 2024: crop production 35,925,188.67 / 41,220,372.15 / 48,305,043.50 / 50,186,279.28 / 56,895,936.24 / 61,916,574.45, livestock 11,761,131.87 / 13,695,439.71 / 16,999,300.04 / 20,859,132.01 / 21,636,500.54 / 24,798,473.63, forestry 2,695,042.58 / 2,959,349.97 / 3,428,890.37 / 4,255,270.16 / 4,857,350.12 / 5,282,876.40, fishing 2,398,510.38 / 2,680,966.05 / 2,769,224.13 / 2,997,299.85 / 3,652,185.88 / 4,463,771.79 (agriculture total, own sum, 52.78, 60.56, 71.50, 78.30, 87.04 and 96.46 trillion). The share rows of this workbook are internally inconsistent for 2023, so the shares at current prices shown on the profile for 2020-2024 are own calculations from these levels (the 2023-2024 levels are identical in the Q4 2025 workbook, nbs-gdp-q4-2025). Share of agriculture in GDP at current basic prices computed from the levels (own calculation): 2020 28.60, 2021 29.70, 2022 28.87%. Share at constant 2019 prices (sheet Contr_Growth): 25.83, 28.50, 29.30, 28.77, 28.27, 27.81%. Real growth 2020-2024: agriculture 2.66, 3.78, 2.46, 1.24, 1.69, crop production 3.68, 4.16, 2.08, 3.96, 2.91, livestock 0.71, 3.37, 2.74, -2.93, -2.14, GDP at constant basic prices -6.96, 0.95, 4.32, 3.04, 3.38.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/147/download/1257
• Nigerian Gross Domestic Product Report Q4 2025, February 2026 (PDF and workbook)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Real GDP grew 4.07% in Q4 2025 and 3.87% in 2025 (3.38% in 2024). Agriculture grew 4.00% in Q4 2025 and 2.92% in 2025 (1.69% in 2024). The sector contributed 23.53% of nominal GDP in 2025 and 27.55% of real GDP (27.81% in 2024). Workbook, 2025 at current basic prices, NGN million: crop production 64,413,166.65, livestock 25,657,817.60, forestry 6,468,494.15, fishing 4,921,189.76 (agriculture 101,460,668, own sum), GDP at basic prices 431,180,185.04, GDP at market prices 441,535,409.81. Nominal shares 2025: crop 14.94, livestock 5.95, forestry 1.50, fishing 1.14%. Real growth 2025: crop production 3.75%, livestock 0.08%, forestry 3.77%, fishing 1.39%. Quarterly agricultural growth 2025: Q1 0.07, Q2 2.82, Q3 3.79, Q4 4.00%, and 2024: Q1 -1.79, Q2 2.60, Q3 2.55, Q4 2.54%. Nominal growth of agriculture 10.82% (2024) and 5.18% (2025). GDP at current basic prices 2024 NGN 364,619,399.00 million (own calculation: nominal growth of 18.25% in 2025). Quarterly estimates were benchmarked to the rebased annual estimates. Sheet GDP_Curr_K_dfl_%Distrn, share of agriculture in GDP at current basic prices computed from the levels (own calculation): 2023 28.12, 2024 26.46%.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/147/download/1364
• Nigerian Gross Domestic Product Report Q2 2026, August 2026 (PDF and workbook)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Real GDP grew 4.43% year on year in Q2 2026 (4.23% in Q2 2025). Agriculture grew 4.39% (2.82% in Q2 2025, 3.15% in Q1 2026), industry 3.96%, services 4.60%. Agriculture was 20.29% of nominal GDP in Q2 2026 (21.04% in Q2 2025) and 26.15% of real GDP. Crop production was 59.35% of the sector's nominal value in the quarter.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/147/download/1433
• Highlights of Consumer Price Index (CPI) Rebasing, February 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The weight reference period is 2023 and the price reference period (base year) 2024, replacing the 2009 base. 934 product varieties, COICOP 2018. Table 2: the weight of food and non-alcoholic beverages fell from 51.8% (2009 weights) to 40.0% (new weights). Headline inflation in January 2025 was first published as 24.48% and food inflation as 26.08%.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/154/download/1156
• CPI and Inflation Report December 2024 (PDF, base November 2009 = 100)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Last report on the old base. Twelve-month average change of the CPI, year to December 2024, 33.24% (24.66% for 2023). Food twelve-month average 39.12% (27.96% for 2023). Food inflation 39.84% year on year in December 2024.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/154/download/1126
• Consumer Price Index December 2025 Report (PDF, base 2024 = 100)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Headline inflation 15.15% year on year in December 2025. Twelve-month average change for the year to December 2025 23.01% (all items) and 22.00% (food). Food inflation 10.84% year on year in December 2025.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/154/download/1334
• Consumer Price Index September 2026 (Base Period 2024 = 100), October 2026 (PDF and workbook)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Headline inflation 14.63% year on year in September 2026 (15.39% in August 2026, 20.98% in September 2025 as now published), food inflation 19.59% (20.16% in September 2025), core 12.95%. Twelve-month averages 15.80% (headline) and 15.72% (food). Workbook Table 1, headline / food year-on-year inflation as now published: January 2025 27.61 / 29.63, June 2025 25.29 / 25.41, September 2025 20.98 / 20.16, December 2025 15.15 / 10.84, January 2026 15.10 / 8.89, March 2026 15.38 / 14.31, June 2026 15.91 / 17.52, July 2026 15.43 / 20.31, August 2026 15.39 / 19.57, September 2026 14.63 / 19.59. NBS has revised the 2025 monthly rates since first publication (January 2025 was first published as 24.48%, September 2025 as 18.02%).
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/154/download/1440
• Selected Food Price Watch (May 2026), June 2026 (PDF and workbook)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Latest issue in the NBS catalogue. National average prices, NGN per kg, May 2025 / May 2026 / change: local rice short-grained 2,095.29 / 1,905.43 / -9.06%, imported long-grained rice 2,604.69 / 2,245.70 / -13.78%, white maize grains 1,216.55 / 815.83 / -32.94%, brown beans 2,385.15 / 1,344.93 / -43.61%, white garri 1,341.79 / 813.24 / -39.39%, yam tuber 2,375.40 / 2,347.09 / -1.19%, fresh tomatoes 1,392.71 / 1,560.56 / +12.05%, onions 1,607.38 / 1,180.01 / -26.59%, boneless beef 6,662.92 / 7,171.41 / +7.63%. Prices collected in 774 LGAs.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/162/download/1427
• Selected Food Price Watch (December 2025) (PDF and workbook)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. National average prices, NGN per kg, December 2024 / December 2025: local rice short-grained 1,944.40 / 1,845.08, imported long-grained rice 2,520.78 / 2,201.22, white maize 1,151.13 / 798.97, brown beans 2,501.32 / 1,250.11, white garri 1,184.77 / 776.36, yam tuber 1,905.90 / 2,054.63, boneless beef 6,150.18 / 6,885.09.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/162/download/1356
• Cost of a Healthy Diet (April 2026), May 2026 (PDF and table)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The national average cost of a healthy diet was NGN 1,589 per adult per day in April 2026 (NGN 1,518 in April 2025, +4.74%), from NGN 1,415 in the North-East to NGN 1,830 in the South-East.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/146/download/1428
• 2019 Poverty and Inequality in Nigeria, Executive Summary (PDF, May 2020)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Based on the Nigeria Living Standards Survey 2018/19, excluding Borno State. Poverty line NGN 137,430 per person per year. Table 3: poverty headcount 40.1% nationally, 18.0% urban, 52.1% rural, over 82.9 million people. Infographic on page 21: poverty headcount of households whose head works in agriculture only, 58.76% (male-headed) and 37.75% (female-headed), against 17.53% and 13.99% for wage work only.
  https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/1092
• Nigeria Multidimensional Poverty Index (2022) (PDF, November 2022)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. From the MPI Survey 2021/22: 63% of people, 133 million, are multidimensionally poor, 72% in rural and 42% in urban areas, from 27% in Ondo to 91% in Sokoto.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/71/download/934
• Nigerian Living Standard Survey 2023, microdata catalogue entry 168 (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The entry exists but lists no report, and no official 2023 poverty headline was found on NBS pages. The 2018/19 rate remains the latest official consumption poverty rate.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/168
• Nigeria Labour Force Survey Annual Report 2023 (PDF, September 2024)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Revised methodology, which measures subsistence agriculture separately from employment. Section 3.5: 25,341,219 persons were engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing at their main job, 30.1% of employed persons, and 63.8% of them were male. Wholesale and retail trade employed 27.5%.
  https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/1241561
• National Agricultural Sample Survey (NASS) 2022/2023 Report (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Household-sector survey with the NASC as master sample, 767 of 774 LGAs covered, agricultural year 2022/2023. Section 3.1.1: the National Agricultural Sample Census counted 40,221,060 agricultural households, North-West 10,361,160 (25.76%), North-Central 7,755,090 (19.28%), North-East 6,445,390 (16.02%), South-West 5,394,910 (13.41%), South-South 5,293,090 (13.16%), South-East 4,971,420 (12.36%). Section 1.4 defines an agricultural holding as all lands and/or livestock kept which is used wholly or partly for agricultural production and is operated by one person alone or with others without regard to management, organization, size or location. Maize was cultivated by 20.34 million households and rice by 8.47 million households in the major season. No farm-size classes are defined.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/173/download/1299
• National Agricultural Sample Census (NASC) 2022, household listing tables (Excel workbook)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Nigeria, thousand: agricultural households 40,221.05, heads male 33,908.64 (84.3%) and female 6,312.41 (15.7%). Table 7A share of agricultural households carrying out crop cultivation 90.9%, livestock 48.1%, poultry 42.5%, fisheries 5.4%, forestry 2.4%. Table 8: crop-cultivating households operate 121.4 million plots, 3.3 per household. Table 17: 6,435.71 thousand households raised 58.49 million cattle, 16,590.18 thousand households 124.07 million goats, 8,797.85 thousand households 63.97 million sheep. Table 18: 613.83 million chickens.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/79/download/997
• National Agricultural Sample Census (NASC) Report 2022, June 2024 (PDF)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The 260-page PDF is image-based and its text could not be extracted, so figures are cited from the NASC household tables and the NASS report.
  https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/1241525
• Nigeria General Household Survey-Panel (Wave 5) 2023-2024 report (PDF, November 2024)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. LSMS-ISA panel with the World Bank. Chapter 6: 71.6% of households engaged in crop farming (87% in rural areas, 75.7% of male-headed and 57.1% of female-headed households), 42.8% in livestock, 5.6% in fishing. Households hold on average 2.4 plots, of which 1.5 cultivated, average plot size 0.5 hectares, total landholding 1.3 hectares and cultivated area 0.8 hectares, 1.7% of plots irrigated. 64.9% of male-managed and 59.7% of female-managed plots were acquired by inheritance. Inorganic fertiliser was used on 30.6% of cultivated plots, herbicide on 32.6%, machinery on 8.7%. 23.2% of farming households received extension services (24.4% in the executive summary). 71.0% of households reported price increases of major food items as a shock.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/82/download/1043
• Foreign Trade in Goods Statistics Q4 2025, March 2026 (PDF and tables)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. NGN million. Table 9, agricultural goods exports January-December: 2020 321,539.2, 2021 504,894.9, 2022 598,151.7, 2023 1,244,471.4, 2024 4,439,884.8, 2025 5,070,181.1 (2.6, 2.7, 2.2, 3.5, 5.7 and 6.0% of total exports). Agricultural imports: 1,145,121.5, 1,966,893.5, 1,865,533.9, 2,281,066.4, 3,786,573.2, 4,759,916.4 (9.0, 9.4, 7.3, 7.4, 6.2 and 7.1% of total imports). Q4 2025 agricultural exports NGN 1,323.06 billion, led by superior quality cocoa beans NGN 586.46 billion, standard quality cocoa beans 292.16 billion and sesame seeds 201.13 billion.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/84/download/1368
• Foreign Trade in Goods Statistics Q2 2026, September 2026 (PDF and tables)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Agricultural exports NGN 802.99 billion in Q2 2026 (NGN 1,256.36 billion in Q2 2025), led by cashew nuts in shell NGN 268.62 billion, standard quality cocoa beans 154.31 billion, sesame seeds 96.03 billion, superior quality cocoa beans 58.82 billion and soya beans 50.22 billion. Agricultural imports NGN 1,203.76 billion, 8.35% of total imports. Urea exports to the United States (NGN 1,069.37 billion) are classified as raw materials, not agriculture.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/84/download/1434
• NBS Microdata Catalogue (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. From 2025 NBS publishes its reports (GDP, CPI, food prices, foreign trade, NASC, NASS, GHS-Panel) as downloads in this catalogue. The older e-library listing ends in December 2024.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog
• Nigeria Labour Force Statistics Report Q2 2024 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Unemployment rate 4.3% in Q2 2024 (urban 5.2%, rural 2.8%), informal employment 93%, and 3.7% of the working-age population in subsistence agriculture. This is the latest labour force report downloadable from the portal.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/152/download/1109
• Foreign Trade in Goods Statistics Q1 2026 (PDF and tables)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Agricultural exports NGN 1,172.37 billion in Q1 2026 (NGN 1,704.15 billion in Q1 2025), led by superior quality cocoa beans NGN 596.90 billion, sesame seeds 153.78 billion, soya beans 129.27 billion and cashew nuts in shell 119.76 billion.
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/84/download/1418
• Nigeria Living Standards Survey 2018/19, Report (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Survey report with World Bank technical assistance. Average household size 5.06 persons (rural 5.42, urban 4.50). The poverty headline is in the separate executive summary (nbs-poverty-2019).
  https://microdata.nigerianstat.gov.ng/index.php/catalog/68/download/830

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and UNDP Nigeria

• Nigeria Flood Impact, Recovery and Mitigation Assessment Report 2022-2023, Final Report (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Household survey of 3,600 households in six states (Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Jigawa, Kogi, Nasarawa), fieldwork 29 April-20 May 2023. Executive summary: 64% of households in the six states were affected by the 2022 floods, about 57% of households reported an adverse impact on livelihoods and income sources, among affected households 67.9% reported destruction of crops, 52.6% loss of food stock, 42.3% destruction of farmland and 40.0% loss of farm assets, 94.9% reported reduced crop yields. Introduction: over 600 fatalities and 3.2 million people affected across 34 of the 36 states and the FCT, 1.4 million displaced and over 569,000 hectares of farmland destroyed (quoting a Statistician General statement), and a World Bank GRADE preliminary assessment with the Federal Government of total direct damages as of 25 November 2022 of US$3.79 billion to US$9.12 billion, median US$6.68 billion. Survey percentages refer to the six sampled states only.
  https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/1241417

National Council on Climate Change (NCCC)

• National Council on Climate Change, home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The Council is established by the Climate Change Act 2021 as the apex body for climate matters, chaired by the President, coordinates the National Climate Change Action Plan, oversees the Climate Change Fund and is Nigeria's Designated National Authority.
  https://climatecouncil.gov.ng/

National Council on Climate Change (NCCC), via Climate Policy Radar

• Nigeria Carbon Market Framework, October 2025 (PDF, Climate Policy Radar copy)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Third-party copy indexed by Climate Policy Radar as the Nigerian Carbon Market Activation Policy, the NCCC website could not be reached. Table 2 (source ACMI) on the voluntary carbon market in Nigeria: 57 registered carbon projects, 5.8 MtCO2 of credits issued, 2.7 MtCO2 retired, 3.1 MtCO2 remaining. Base-year inventory per BTR1: 2018 614,172 ktCO2e, of which LULUCF 49.5%, energy 31.5%, agriculture 72,491.89 kt. The framework provides for a Carbon Market Office as Designated National Authority and registry and a no-objection letter for voluntary market projects. No carbon market regulations under the Act were found.
  https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/NGA/2025/nigerian-carbon-market-activation-policy_5b93da5fa248694664c093c39cfac638.pdf

National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)

• NEMA home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Federal agency responsible for disaster management, co-author of the 2022-2023 flood impact assessment with NBS and UNDP.
  https://nema.gov.ng/
• Statement at the launch of the Nigeria Flood Impact, Recovery and Mitigation Assessment Report (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Confirms that the report was produced by UNDP, NEMA and NBS and covers Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Jigawa, Kogi and Nasarawa. No national casualty totals are given.
  https://nema.gov.ng/?p=13403

National Insurance Commission (NAICOM)

• Bulletin of the Insurance Market Performance Q4 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Industry gross premium written NGN 2,301.8 billion in 2025, +47.3% year on year, of which life NGN 727.4 billion. The bulletin does not show agricultural insurance as a separate class.
  https://naicom.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Bulletin-of-the-Insurance-Market-Performance-Q4-2025.pdf
• NAICOM home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The page announces the completion of the insurance sector recapitalisation exercise under NIIRA 2025 without a count of compliant insurers. Commissioner for Insurance Olusegun Ayo Omosehin.
  https://naicom.gov.ng/

National Insurance Commission (NAICOM), copy of the Official Gazette

• Nigerian Insurance Industry Reform Act, 2025 (Act No. 14), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 146, Vol. 112, 29 August 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Assented and commenced on 31 July 2025, gazette 29 August 2025. Repeals the Insurance Act 2003 and four other Acts, but not the NAIC Act. s.4(3)(h): non-life classes include agricultural insurance business other than schemes covered by the NAIC Act. s.15(1): minimum capital of NGN 15 billion for non-life, NGN 10 billion for life and NGN 35 billion for reinsurance, or risk-based capital if higher, existing insurers to comply within 12 months.
  https://naicom.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/NIGERIA-INDUSTRY-INSURANCE_052600.pdf

Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (NAQS)

• Laws and regulations (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Lists the Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (Establishment) Act, 2018, the National Biosafety Management Agency Act 2015 and the Animal Disease Control Act 2022, without dates of assent.
  https://naqs.gov.ng/laws_and_regulations/

Nigeria Commodity Exchange Plc (NCX)

• About us (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Incorporated as the Abuja Stock Exchange in 1998 and licensed by the SEC. In January 2021 the President approved the CBN's request to reposition the NCX, and a new Managing Director (Anthony A. Atuche) was appointed in October 2023. The NCX is supervised by the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment.
  https://ncx.com.ng/about-us/

Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA)

• NSIA implements restructuring of the Presidential Fertiliser Initiative (PFI) (web page, 27 April 2021)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. NSIA states that over the first four years the PFI resuscitated 41 blending plants from 4 at inception and produced over 30 million bags of NPK 20:10:10 equivalent, and that the fertiliser price fell from over NGN 10,000 to under NGN 5,500 per bag (NSIA estimates). From the 2021 cycle blenders recover costs from market sales. No newer official PFI output figure was found.
  https://nsia.com.ng/nsia-implements-restructuring-of-the-presidential-fertiliser-initiative-pfi

Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation (NAIC)

• NAIC, Our Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation Act (1993 No. 37) provides for the Corporation's establishment, functions and funding and for insuring agricultural or agro-allied projects against selected natural hazards. The home page states that the Corporation offers a 50% subsidy on premiums for selected crops and livestock.
  https://naic.gov.ng/act
• Audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. A wholly owned Federal Government insurance entity (Ministry of Finance Incorporated 100%), established by the NAIC Act of 1993, which began as the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Scheme established on 15 November 1987. Five-year summary, gross premium written (NGN thousand): 2019 3,750,939, 2020 2,268,163, 2022 restated 1,796,269, 2023 1,228,817. Loss after tax NGN 1,192,237 thousand in 2023 (1,160,575 thousand in 2022).
  https://naic.gov.ng/downloads/statements/NAIC-2023-AUDITED-FINANCIAL-STATEMENT-APPROVED.pdf

Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC)

• NEPC home page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Executive Director and CEO Nonye Ayeni.
  https://nepc.gov.ng/

Office of the Vice President of Nigeria, copy on the former Vice President's website (yemiosinbajo.ng)

• Vice President's Office not supervising RUGA settlements (press statement, 2019, copy on the former Vice President's website)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The National Livestock Transformation Plan 2019-2028 was approved by the National Economic Council on 17 January 2019, for implementation in seven pilot states (Adamawa, Benue, Kaduna, Plateau, Nasarawa, Taraba and Zamfara), with six pillars. No funding figure is given.
  https://www.yemiosinbajo.ng/vice-presidents-office-not-supervising-ruga-settlements/

Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre (PLAC), Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004

• Land Use Act, Chapter L5, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Commencement 29 March 1978. s.1 vests all land in each State in the Governor of that State. s.6(2): no single customary right of occupancy shall be granted for more than 500 hectares for agricultural purposes or 5,000 hectares for grazing purposes, except with the consent of the Governor. s.22(1): the alienation of a statutory right of occupancy by assignment, mortgage, transfer of possession or sublease is not lawful without the consent of the Governor first had and obtained. The original Land Use Decree 1978 (Decree No. 6) was published in the Supplement to Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 14, Vol. 65, of 29 March 1978 (scan at https://lands.adamawastate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NIGERIA-LAND-USE-ACT-GAZZETED-1978.pdf).
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=228
• Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Commencement 8 March 1977, amended 1993 No. 32. The Central Bank is the managing agent and hosts the secretariat of the Fund's Board. s.5: the Fund of one hundred million naira is contributed 60% by the Federal Government and 40% by the Central Bank. s.6(1): the maximum liability of the Fund in respect of any guarantee shall not exceed seventy-five per cent of the loan. The Cap. number is not printed on the page.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=26
• Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Commencement 26 May 1999. The Council advises the Federal Government on agricultural research, training and extension, prepares master plans and coordinates the research institutes established under section 14.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=27
• National Agricultural Land Development Authority Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1992 No. 92, commencement 7 May 1992. Establishes in the Presidency the National Agricultural Land Development Authority to provide strategic public support for land development. Its current status was not verified.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=269
• Nigerian Co-operative Societies Act, Chapter N98 (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1993 No. 90, commencement 26 August 1993. Provides for the registration and operation of co-operative societies throughout the Federation.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=356
• Export (Prohibition) Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1989 No. 7, amended 1999 No. 62, commencement 16 February 1989. The Schedule, as compiled in LFN 2004, prohibits the export of beans, cassava tuber, maize, rice, yam tuber, their products and derivatives, and all imported food items. Later customs prohibition lists were not checked.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=145
• Nigerian Export Promotion Council Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1988 No. 41, commencement 1 December 1987, amended 1992 No. 64. Establishes the Nigerian Export Promotion Council.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=365
• Produce (Enforcement of Export Standards) Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1959 No. 21, commencement 1 December 1959. Provides for grading and quality standards of export produce and the produce inspection service.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=459
• Water Resources Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1993 No. 101, commencement 23 August 1993. Vests the use and control of surface and groundwater and of watercourses affecting more than one State in the Government of the Federation.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=553
• International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1967 No. 32, amended 1974 and 1990, commencement 24 July 1967. Statutory basis of IITA in Nigeria.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=217
• Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation Act, Chapter N89 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1993 No. 37, commencement 1 June 1993. s.9: premium subsidy not exceeding 50%, paid by the Federal and State Governments in the proportion of 37.5% and 12.5%. s.12: the Federal Government pays losses above 200% of the Corporation's premium income in each class. s.13: a farmer who benefits from an agricultural loan from government, a bank or another financial institution shall take out insurance cover under the Scheme. s.14: lenders deduct the premium at source.
  https://placng.org/lawsofnigeria/laws/Nigerian%20Agricultural%20Insurance%20Corporation%20Act.pdf
• Commodity Boards Act (web page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 1977 No. 29, commencement 1 April 1977. Establishes commodity marketing boards. Its present-day application was not verified.
  https://www.lawsofnigeria.placng.org/view2.php?sn=73

Securities and Exchange Commission Nigeria (SEC)

• Addressing Nigeria's Infrastructure Deficit Through Sustainable Finance (PDF presentation, 26 October 2022)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Table of green bonds (issuer, auction date, NGN billion): Federal Government 18 December 2017 10.69, NSP-SPV Powercorp 27 February 2019 8.50, Access Bank 18 March 2019 15.00 (flood defence, solar generation, agriculture), Federal Government 10 June 2019 15.00. Lists the SEC Rules on Green Bonds (2018) and the NSE Sustainability Disclosure Guidelines (2019).
  https://home.sec.gov.ng/documents/1099/Addressing-Nigerias-Infrastructure-Deficit-Through-Sustainable-Finance-_-Dr.-A_UE61d5x.pdf
• Guidelines on Sustainable Financial Principles for the Nigerian Capital Market, April 2021 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Dated April 2021. The SEC adopts the Nigerian Sustainable Finance Principles developed by the Financial Services Regulation Coordinating Committee, applicable to regulated entities and public companies.
  https://home.sec.gov.ng/documents/5/SEC-Guidelines-on-Sustainable-Financial-Principles-for-the-Capital-Market_Final.pdf
• Circular on the Implementation of the IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards in Nigeria (web page, 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Restates the FRC roadmap (IFRS S1 and S2 mandatory for public interest entities for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2028, SMEs from 1 January 2030) and directs every public company and significant public interest capital market operator to submit an implementation plan on or before 15 October 2026. The issue date was not legible in the page.
  https://sec.gov.ng/for-investors/keep-track-of-circulars/implementation-of-the-ifrs-sustainability-disclosure-standards-in-nigeria/

Securities and Exchange Commission Nigeria (SEC), copy of the Official Gazette

• Investments and Securities Act, 2025 (Act No. 2), Official Gazette Extraordinary No. 19, Vol. 112, 2 May 2025 (PDF)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Assented and commenced on 25 March 2025, gazette 2 May 2025. s.356(1) repeals the Investments and Securities Act No. 29 of 2007. Part XV covers commodity exchanges (registration by the SEC, s.224) and warehouse receipts: registration of warehouses (s.240) and collateral management companies (s.244), issuance of warehouse receipts (s.245), a warehouse receipt as evidence of proprietary rights (s.246) and negotiable warehouse receipts (s.249).
  https://home.sec.gov.ng/documents/1319/Investments_and_Securities_Act_2025_x9rSXtI.pdf

State House, Presidency of Nigeria

• President Tinubu assents to 2026 Appropriation Bill and 2025 budget extension (press release, 17 April 2026)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-20 · Read on 20 October 2026. Statement by Bayo Onanuga, Special Adviser to the President (Information and Strategy). The President signed the 2026 Appropriation Bill with an aggregate expenditure of NGN 68.32 trillion, coming into force on 1 April 2026, which matches the NGN 68,323.3 billion of the bill (budget-2026). He also signed a bill extending the implementation of the capital component of the 2025 Appropriation Act from 31 March 2026 to 30 June 2026.
  https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-assents-to-2026-appropriation-bill-and-2025-budget-extension/
• President Tinubu Appoints Omotenioye Majekodunmi As Director-General of the National Council on Climate Change (press release, 31 July 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Mrs Omotenioye Majekodunmi appointed Director-General of the NCCC, succeeding Dr Nkiruka Madueke, appointed in June 2024. No later change was found by October 2026.
  https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-omotenioye-majekodunmi-as-director-general-of-the-national-council-on-climate-change/
• President Buhari assents to bills on establishment of Nigeria Policy Academy, Animal Disease Control (press release, 8 April 2022)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The President assented to the Animal Diseases (Control) Act, which repeals the Animal Diseases (Control) Act, Cap. A17, LFN 2004, and provides for the prevention, detection, control and eradication of transboundary and zoonotic animal diseases and the regulation of veterinary medicines and medicated feeds. The gazette was not seen.
  https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-buhari-assents-to-bills-on-establishment-of-nigeria-policy-academy-animal-disease-control/
• Details of Presidential Intervention on Food Security, Food Pricing and Sustainability (web page, 13 July 2023)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The President directed that a state of emergency on food security be announced immediately and that food and water availability and affordability be brought within the purview of the National Security Council. Measures announced include the release of fertilizers and grains, a National Commodity Board, land banks (500,000 hectares of mapped land) and irrigation in 11 river basins. No naira amounts are given.
  https://statehouse.gov.ng/details-of-presidential-intervention-on-food-security-food-pricing-sustainability/
• President Tinubu inaugurates committee on implementation of livestock reforms (web page, 9 July 2024)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. On 9 July 2024 the President inaugurated the Presidential Committee on Implementation of Livestock Reforms and announced the creation of a Ministry of Livestock Development. The legal instrument creating the ministry was not found.
  https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-inaugurates-committee-on-implementation-of-livestock-reforms-to-address-obstacles-to-agricultural-productivity/
• NEC okays new Textile Development Board, $90B agribusiness, livestock development plan (web page, 149th NEC meeting, 24 April 2025)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. The National Economic Council endorsed the livestock development strategy presented by the Ministry of Livestock Development, which projects a US$74-90 billion sector by 2035, a projection.
  https://statehouse.gov.ng/?p=54437

United Nations Statistics Division

• UN Comtrade – Nigeria, agri-food trade (HS chapters 01–24) by partner, 2025 (public preview API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Queries by HS chapter and flow, the link shows exports of chapter 18 (cocoa and cocoa preparations). Change cmdCode (01–24) and flowCode (X/M) for the other series. Nigeria had reported 2025 data, the latest full year. Totals 2025 (own sums of partners, equal to the sums of the World rows): exports US$3,677.4 m, imports US$5,591.5 m. Largest export partners (US$ m): Netherlands 1,066.21, Belgium 449.20, Germany 340.59, Viet Nam 339.66, India 234.11, United States 188.09, Malaysia 177.73, China 124.22, Indonesia 95.52, Türkiye 77.25, Canada 71.94, Italy 62.26, Japan 58.05, Ghana 51.48. Largest import partners: Brazil 886.14, China 513.30, United States 438.04, Russia 309.23, Argentina 256.90, Canada 200.13, Netherlands 194.94, India 185.87, Indonesia 170.76, Lithuania 160.34, Germany 159.88, Chile 157.56, New Zealand 148.38. Export chapters: 18 2,368.3, 08 533.9, 12 404.5, 24 93.3, 03 58.7, 06 57.1, 15 41.3, 21 37.6, 23 30.2. Import chapters: 10 1,405.4, 17 849.3, 03 783.5, 15 412.8, 19 352.3, 04 335.3, 11 261.4, 21 260.1, 01 208.9, 22 173.7. Chapter 18 exports by partner: Netherlands 1,002.97, Belgium 429.62, Germany 320.17, Malaysia 155.32, United States 111.32. Chapter 08 exports: Viet Nam 326.71, India 160.96. Chapter 12 exports: China 114.89, India 61.48, United States 59.93, Japan 55.08. Chapter 10 imports: Russia 284.97, United States 275.50, Canada 197.33, Lithuania 140.89, Argentina 102.48. Chapter 17 imports: Brazil 758.81. Chapter 03 imports: Chile 156.56, Netherlands 141.25. Own groupings: EU-27 55.0% of exports and 21.0% of imports, ECOWAS members after January 2025 (Benin, Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo) 2.2% and 2.1%, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger 1.4% and 0.1%.
  https://comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=566&period=2025&flowCode=X&cmdCode=18&motCode=0&customsCode=C00&partner2Code=0
• UN Comtrade – Nigeria, agri-food trade by HS chapter (01–24), world partner, 2015–2025 (public preview API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026, one query per year and flow (change period 2015–2025 and flowCode X/M). Own sums of chapters 01–24, US$ m. Exports: 2015 1,443.3, 2016 722.5, 2017 825.0, 2018 1,254.9, 2019 975.6, 2020 1,058.1, 2021 1,582.2, 2022 1,790.0, 2023 2,626.7, 2024 3,235.7, 2025 3,677.4. Imports: 5,895.4, 4,851.6, 5,291.7, 4,879.8, 4,942.1, 8,402.1, 7,664.9, 7,101.8, 7,091.0, 4,687.2, 5,591.5. Export chapter 18: 605.8, 292.7, 256.1, 374.5, 311.3, 350.2, 624.3, 680.6, 815.0, 1,922.7, 2,368.3. Export chapter 12: 352.7, 116.2, 197.3, 323.7, 300.1, 358.9, 323.9, 398.7, 856.4, 683.9, 404.5. Export chapter 08: 72.7, 30.1, 80.7, 223.0, 113.0, 137.6, 256.9, 247.7, 352.4, 278.7, 533.9. Import chapter 10: 1,752.1, 1,289.5, 1,556.6, 1,424.1, 1,302.0, 2,330.5, 2,737.6, 2,276.7, 2,190.9, 1,211.7, 1,405.4. Import chapter 17: 670.8, 854.9, 667.6, 613.4, 545.5, 872.7, 980.1, 932.4, 1,117.6, 698.6, 849.3. Import chapter 03: 1,153.9, 655.5, 751.3, 809.4, 789.4, 1,328.0, 867.7, 866.3, 758.6, 684.6, 783.5. Import chapter 15: 374.6, 282.5, 282.2, 238.1, 235.4, 417.6, 655.2, 391.7, 388.6, 243.8, 412.8. In some years Nigeria reported fewer than 24 export chapters (20–23).
  https://comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=566&period=2025&flowCode=X&cmdCode=01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24&motCode=0&customsCode=C00&partner2Code=0&partnerCode=0

World Bank

• World Development Indicators – Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (current US$), NV.AGR.TOTL.CD (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · US$ billion: 2010 87.69, 2011 92.16, 2012 101.42, 2013 107.97, 2014 114.78, 2015 101.72, 2016 84.91, 2017 78.33, 2018 89.42, 2019 171.97, 2020 169.67, 2021 179.02, 2022 184.71, 2023 135.10, 2024 65.27, 2025 66.82. Database last updated 2026-10-08. The value in naira (NV.AGR.TOTL.CN) is NGN 101.46 trillion for 2025 and NGN 96.46 trillion for 2024, equal to the NBS rebased figures, and the 2025 dollar value equals NGN 101.46 trillion divided by the 2025 average rate of 1,518.38 (own check). Values from 2019 are on the NBS 2019 base and values to 2018 on the old 2010 base, so the series breaks between 2018 and 2019.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.CD?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added (% of GDP), NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · 2010 23.89, 2011 22.23, 2012 21.86, 2013 20.76, 2014 19.99, 2015 20.63, 2016 20.98, 2017 20.85, 2018 21.20, 2019 25.73, 2020 28.35, 2021 29.39, 2022 28.55, 2023 27.72, 2024 25.87, 2025 22.98. Database last updated 2026-10-08. The World Bank divides by GDP at market prices, NBS by GDP at basic prices, so the shares differ slightly from NBS. The jump between 2018 and 2019 is the break between the old 2010 base and the NBS 2019 base.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added (annual % growth), NV.AGR.TOTL.KD.ZG (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · 2011 2.92, 2012 6.70, 2013 2.94, 2014 4.27, 2015 3.72, 2016 4.11, 2017 3.45, 2018 2.12, 2019 2.36, 2020 2.66, 2021 3.78, 2022 2.46, 2023 1.24, 2024 1.69, 2025 2.92. Values from 2020 equal the NBS rebased growth rates.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.KD.ZG?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – GDP growth (annual %), NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · 2011 5.31, 2012 4.23, 2013 6.67, 2014 6.31, 2015 2.65, 2016 -1.62, 2017 0.81, 2018 1.92, 2019 2.21, 2020 -6.37, 2021 1.11, 2022 4.32, 2023 3.32, 2024 4.07, 2025 4.01. These are growth rates of GDP at market prices. NBS publishes growth of GDP at basic prices on the 2019 base (-6.96% in 2020, 3.87% in 2025), which this profile uses for 2020-2025.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – GDP (current US$), NY.GDP.MKTP.CD (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · US$ billion: 2015 493.03, 2020 598.59, 2023 487.39, 2024 252.26, 2025 290.79.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Employment in agriculture (% of total employment, modelled ILO estimate), total, female and male, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS, SL.AGR.EMPL.FE.ZS, SL.AGR.EMPL.MA.ZS (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Total: 2010 44.97, 2011 43.99, 2012 42.89, 2013 41.55, 2014 40.60, 2015 40.07, 2016 39.98, 2017 39.74, 2018 39.41, 2019 38.99, 2020 38.82, 2021 37.27, 2022 35.25, 2023 34.70, 2024 34.10, 2025 33.53. Female: 2010 37.59, 2015 31.14, 2020 29.39, 2025 23.58. Male: 2010 51.51, 2015 47.94, 2020 47.10, 2025 42.72. Female and male series read from the same API with the indicator codes changed.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL) and rural population (% of total, SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS) (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Population (million): 2015 190.7, 2020 214.0, 2023 227.9, 2024 232.7, 2025 237.5. Rural population (% of total): 2010 48.32, 2015 44.27, 2020 40.23, 2023 37.83, 2024 37.02, 2025 36.22.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Agricultural land (% of land area, AG.LND.AGRI.ZS, sq. km, AG.LND.AGRI.K2), arable land (AG.LND.ARBL.ZS, AG.LND.ARBL.HA) and irrigated land (AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS) (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Agricultural land % of land area: 2010 74.19, 2015 74.76, 2020 74.89, 2022 76.06, 2023 77.08, 2024 77.09 (702,084 sq. km in 2024). Arable land % of land area: 2010 39.98, 2015 40.37, 2020 39.63, 2022 40.11, 2023 40.83, 2024 40.83 (37.2 million ha in 2024). Agricultural irrigated land (% of agricultural land): 2012 0.33, 2017 0.31, no later value. Other codes read from the same API with the indicator code changed.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Forest area (% of land area, AG.LND.FRST.ZS, sq. km, AG.LND.FRST.K2) (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Forest area % of land area: 2010 20.90, 2011 20.76, 2012 20.62, 2013 20.48, 2014 20.34, 2015 20.20, 2016 20.06, 2017 19.92, 2018 19.78, 2019 19.64, 2020 19.50, 2021 19.37, 2022 19.23, 2023 19.09, 2024 18.95. Forest area sq. km: 2010 190,332, 2015 183,988, 2020 177,644, 2024 172,568, 2025 171,300.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Inflation, consumer prices (annual %), FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · 2010 13.74, 2011 10.83, 2012 12.22, 2013 8.50, 2014 8.05, 2015 9.01, 2016 15.70, 2017 16.50, 2018 12.10, 2019 11.40, 2020 13.25, 2021 16.95, 2022 18.85, 2023 24.66, 2024 33.24, 2025 23.01. The values equal the NBS twelve-month averages, on the November 2009 base to 2024 and on the 2024 base for 2025.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP), FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · 2010 13.49, 2011 11.04, 2012 10.60, 2013 11.53, 2014 13.30, 2015 13.08, 2016 14.61, 2017 12.85, 2018 10.25, 2019 7.92, 2020 8.76, 2021 9.73, 2022 9.56, 2023 13.21. No value after 2023. The ratio uses the rebased GDP from 2019.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land), AG.CON.FERT.ZS (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · 2010 11.07, 2011 6.22, 2012 8.55, 2013 8.69, 2014 8.99, 2015 7.82, 2016 10.29, 2017 18.98, 2018 17.79, 2019 18.61, 2020 23.05, 2021 18.16, 2022 10.95, 2023 8.15, 2024 13.04.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/AG.CON.FERT.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population), SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · 2010 10.5, 2011 11.3, 2012 11.9, 2013 11.8, 2014 11.4, 2015 11.0, 2016 11.1, 2017 11.7, 2018 12.1, 2019 13.9, 2020 15.6, 2021 17.7, 2022 19.3, 2023 20.8, 2024 22.2 (three-year averages as published by FAO).
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
• World Development Indicators – Food exports (% of merchandise exports), TX.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN, and food imports (% of merchandise imports), TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Food exports, % of merchandise exports: 2015 2.89, 2020 2.98, 2022 2.75, 2023 3.78, 2024 6.00, 2025 6.44. Food imports, % of merchandise imports: 2015 16.95, 2020 14.63, 2022 11.43, 2023 10.69, 2024 11.02, 2025 12.27.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/TX.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN?format=json&per_page=300
• Global Findex Database 2025 (survey year 2024), Nigeria, Data360 API and WDI FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS (JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Per cent of adults aged 15+, survey years 2011 / 2014 / 2017 / 2021 / 2024: account ownership 29.67 / 44.44 / 39.67 / 45.32 / 63.26, women 25.99 / 34.02 / 27.28 / 34.96 / 52.22, poorest 40% 13.96 / 30.51 / 24.53 / 32.69 / 46.74, mobile money account (2014-2024) 2.29 / 5.61 / 8.65 / 32.79, borrowed from a formal financial institution (2014-2024) 6.98 / 5.30 / 6.40 / 6.11, borrowed from a formal institution or using a mobile money account 6.98 / 5.30 / 7.04 / 9.11. The other series were read from the Data360 API (https://data360api.worldbank.org/data360/data?DATABASE_ID=WB_FINDEX&REF_AREA=NGA).
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/NGA/indicator/FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS?format=json
• Fostering Inclusive Finance for MSMEs in Nigeria (FINCLUDE), P511062 (Projects API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Approved 19 December 2025, US$500 million (IBRD 400 million, IDA 100 million), closing 30 June 2031, active. Uses the platforms of the Development Bank of Nigeria and its subsidiary Impact Credit Guarantee Limited. Not specific to agriculture.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P511062
• Nigeria Sustainable Agricultural Value-Chains for Growth (AGROW), P510848 (Projects API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Approved 30 March 2026, IDA US$500 million, closing 30 July 2032, active.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P510848
• Development Finance Project (Nigeria), P146319 (Projects API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Approved 25 September 2014, IBRD US$500 million, closed 30 June 2023. A line of credit of US$445 million to a new wholesale development finance institution and a US$35 million credit guarantee facility through its subsidiary, the founding World Bank financing of the Development Bank of Nigeria.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P146319
• Agro-Climatic Resilience in Semi-Arid Landscapes (ACReSAL), P175237, and additional financing P515456 (Projects API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. P175237 approved 14 December 2021, project cost US$700 million, closing 31 March 2028, status active, covering 19 northern states and the FCT. The abstract states that 43% of Nigeria's land is affected by desertification. P515456 (additional financing, US$500 million) is listed as pipeline with a planned Board date of 6 November 2026, not approved on 19 October 2026. Implemented by the Federal Ministry of Environment with the Ministries of Water Resources and Sanitation and of Agriculture and Food Security.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&fl=id,project_name,boardapprovaldate,totalcommamt,lendprojectcost,status,closingdate&id=P175237
• Projects API, Nigeria, all projects (JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. 268 Nigeria records. Commitments at approval (US$ million): National Fadama III P096572 approved 1 July 2008, IDA 250, project cost 450 (additional financing P130788, 28 June 2013, 200, and P158535, 7 June 2016, 50, all closed), Commercial Agriculture Development Project P096648, 15 January 2009, 150, closed 31 May 2017, TRIMING P123112, 19 June 2014, 495.3 (504.3 current), closed 30 June 2025, APPEALS P148616, 23 March 2017, 200, closed 30 September 2023, RAAMP P163353, 18 February 2020, 280 (project cost 575), closing 31 December 2027, NG-CARES P174114, 14 December 2020, 750 (997 with additional financing, Program-for-Results), closing 30 June 2028, L-PRES P160865, 18 March 2022, 500, closing 31 March 2028, SPIN P179684, 26 September 2024, 500 (project cost 700), closing 31 December 2029, RAAMP Scale-Up P180640, 13 December 2024, 500 (project cost 550), closing 31 December 2030. Closing dates and current commitments for P174114, P123112, P163353 and P096572 were re-read through the v3 API on 20 October 2026. Some records still show active status after their closing date. Project pages load by script, so the API was used.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/projects?format=json&countrycode_exact=NG&rows=500&fl=id,project_name,boardapprovaldate,totalcommamt,status,sector1
• Livestock Productivity and Resilience Support Project (L-PRES), P160865 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Approved 18 March 2022, IDA US$500 million, closing 31 March 2028. Objective to improve productivity, commercialisation and resilience of targeted livestock production systems.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P160865
• Sustainable Power and Irrigation for Nigeria (SPIN), P179684 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Approved 26 September 2024, IDA US$500 million, project cost US$700 million, closing 31 December 2029, implementing agency Federal Ministry of Water Resources. Objective to improve utilisation and safety of existing storage and strengthen arrangements for irrigation and hydropower.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P179684
• Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project Scale Up (RAAMP-SU), P180640 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Approved 13 December 2024, IDA US$500 million, project cost US$550 million, closing 31 December 2030. Objective to improve rural access and agricultural marketing in participating states. The first RAAMP (P163353) was approved on 18 February 2020 with IDA US$280 million.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P180640
• Agro-Processing, Productivity Enhancement and Livelihood Improvement Support Project (APPEALS), P148616 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Approved 23 March 2017, IDA US$200 million, closed 30 September 2023. Objective to enhance agricultural productivity of small and medium-scale farmers and value addition along priority value chains in participating states.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P148616
• Nigeria Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP), P163353 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Re-read through the v3 API (https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P163353) on 20 October 2026. Approved 18 February 2020, IDA US$280 million at approval, project cost US$575 million, closing 31 December 2027.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P163353
• Nigeria Community Action (for) Resilience and Economic Stimulus Program (NG-CARES), P174114 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Re-read through the v3 API (https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P174114) on 20 October 2026. Approved 14 December 2020, IDA US$750 million at approval (current total commitment US$997 million with additional financing), Program-for-Results, closing 30 June 2028. Objective to expand access to livelihood support and food security services and grants for poor and vulnerable households and firms.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P174114
• Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING), P123112 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Re-read through the v3 API (https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P123112) on 20 October 2026. Approved 19 June 2014, IDA US$495.3 million at approval (current total commitment US$504.3 million), project cost US$560.3 million, closed 30 June 2025, implementing agency Federal Ministry of Water Resources.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P123112
• Third National Fadama Development Project (Fadama III), P096572 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Re-read through the v3 API (https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P096572) on 20 October 2026. Approved 1 July 2008, IDA US$250 million, project cost US$450 million, closed 31 December 2019, with additional financing of US$200 million (P130788, 2013) and US$50 million (P158535, 2016).
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P096572
• Commercial Agriculture Development Project (CADP), P096648 (project page)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 through the Projects API. Approved 15 January 2009, IDA US$150 million, project cost US$185 million, closed 31 May 2017.
  https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P096648

World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal

• ERA5 reanalysis country-average annual precipitation and mean temperature, Nigeria, 1950-2025 (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Annual precipitation (mm) / mean temperature (°C): 2000 1033.15 / 26.66, 2001 998.16 / 26.73, 2002 1051.55 / 26.86, 2003 1007.59 / 27.07, 2004 999.91 / 27.14, 2005 988.48 / 27.50, 2006 1008.70 / 27.45, 2007 1040.05 / 27.00, 2008 1087.07 / 26.82, 2009 1037.43 / 27.50, 2010 1127.56 / 27.73, 2011 985.73 / 27.23, 2012 1193.53 / 27.00, 2013 1053.83 / 27.26, 2014 1176.60 / 27.11, 2015 1030.93 / 27.27, 2016 1178.99 / 27.41, 2017 1052.20 / 27.39, 2018 1081.44 / 27.19, 2019 1264.21 / 27.25, 2020 1001.08 / 27.26, 2021 888.86 / 27.50, 2022 993.73 / 26.97, 2023 976.94 / 27.64, 2024 984.49 / 27.76, 2025 1017.61 / 27.77. Own calculations (simple means of annual values): 1961-1990 precipitation 1,090.2 mm and temperature 26.55 °C, 1991-2020 1,090.2 mm and 27.05 °C. 2025 and 2024 are the two warmest years of 1950-2025 in this series. 2021 rainfall was 18.5% below the 1991-2020 mean (own calculation).
  https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_timeseries_pr,tas_timeseries_annual_1950-2025_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/NGA?_format=json
• ERA5 reanalysis country-average monthly precipitation and temperature, Nigeria, 1950-2025 (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Own sums of monthly precipitation for June-September, mean 1991-2020 741.7 mm. Totals (mm) and deviation from that mean: 2010 781.5 (+5.4%), 2011 675.7 (-8.9%), 2012 828.5 (+11.7%), 2013 679.2 (-8.4%), 2014 768.5 (+3.6%), 2015 729.7 (-1.6%), 2016 818.4 (+10.3%), 2017 746.0 (+0.6%), 2018 761.2 (+2.6%), 2019 781.9 (+5.4%), 2020 743.9 (+0.3%), 2021 682.9 (-7.9%), 2022 774.5 (+4.4%), 2023 708.7 (-4.5%), 2024 744.8 (+0.4%), 2025 750.4 (+1.2%). Monthly climatology 1991-2020 (own calculation, mm / °C): Jan 6.3 / 25.26, Feb 11.5 / 27.56, Mar 28.6 / 29.73, Apr 58.5 / 30.36, May 108.0 / 29.23, Jun 138.7 / 27.45, Jul 185.0 / 25.82, Aug 235.8 / 25.10, Sep 182.1 / 25.70, Oct 105.5 / 26.65, Nov 23.8 / 26.55, Dec 6.3 / 25.33. 2022 monthly rainfall: June 135.17, July 170.87, August 251.17, September 217.28, October 86.89 mm.
  https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/era5-x0.25_timeseries_pr,tas_timeseries_monthly_1950-2025_mean_historical_era5_x0.25_mean/NGA?_format=json
• CMIP6 ensemble median projected annual anomaly of temperature and precipitation, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, 2040-2059 and 2080-2099, Nigeria (API, JSON, four files)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026 (the link shows SSP2-4.5 for 2040-2059, change ssp245 to ssp585 and 2040-2059 to 2080-2099 for the others). Ensemble median anomalies, temperature °C / precipitation mm: SSP2-4.5 2040-2059 +1.26 / +65.03, SSP5-8.5 2040-2059 +1.58 / +114.15, SSP2-4.5 2080-2099 +2.12 / +88.55, SSP5-8.5 2080-2099 +3.99 / +131.10. The JSON does not print the reference period. CCKP CMIP6 anomalies are computed against 1995-2014.
  https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/cmip6-x0.25_climatology_tas,pr_anomaly_annual_2040-2059_median_ssp245_ensemble_all_mean/NGA?_format=json
• Climate Change Knowledge Portal, Nigeria country page (web page)landing page verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Portal page for the ERA5 and CMIP6 data cited from the CCKP API.
  https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/nigeria

World Resources Institute, Climate Watch

• Historical GHG emissions by sector, Nigeria, 1990-2023 (API, JSON)verified
  EN · accessed 2026-10-19 · Read on 19 October 2026. Climate Watch source, All GHG, MtCO2e, 2010 / 2015 / 2020 / 2021 / 2022 / 2023: agriculture 62.06 / 74.43 / 84.62 / 85.14 / 85.43 / 84.86, energy 193.10 / 200.49 / 192.26 / 195.62 / 186.76 / 187.89 (of which fugitive emissions 2023 63.18, transportation 57.19, buildings 30.25, electricity and heat 25.56), industrial processes 5.05 / 9.80 / 12.40 / 13.61 / 13.34 / 13.45, waste 14.54 / 16.79 / 19.11 / 19.61 / 20.12 / 20.64, LULUCF 35.96 / 35.91 / 36.65 / 36.06 / 36.01 / 36.08, total excluding LULUCF 274.75 / 301.51 / 308.39 / 313.99 / 305.66 / 306.85. Own calculation: agriculture 27.7% of the total excluding LULUCF in 2023. This series is not the national inventory used in the NDC.
  https://www.climatewatchdata.org/api/v1/data/historical_emissions?regions[]=NGA&per_page=200

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