1 map · 64 charts · 29 tables

Macro-economy & structure22 datasets

Agriculture's share of GDP on the 2019 base

Agriculture, forestry and fishing, % of GDP at basic prices, current and constant 2019 prices, 2019–2025

Source: NBS — NBS rebased series. The current-price shares for 2020–2024 are own calculations from the NBS levels at current basic prices in the 2019–2024 rebased workbook (2023–2024 identical in the Q4 2025 workbook), and the 2025 share (23.53%) is printed by NBS. The constant-price shares are printed by NBS. In 2025 nominal agricultural value added grew by 5.18% and nominal GDP at basic prices by 18.25% (own calculations from the Q4 2025 workbook).

Agriculture's share of GDP, World Bank series

Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added, % of GDP at market prices, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI · NBS — The series breaks between 2018 and 2019. Values to 2018 rest on the old 2010 base and values from 2019 on the NBS 2019 base, on which agriculture's 2019 share is 25.83% against 22.12% on the old base⁴. The World Bank divides by GDP at market prices and NBS by GDP at basic prices.

Real growth of agriculture and of GDP

Annual % change at constant 2019 basic prices, NBS, 2020–2025

Source: NBS — NBS rebased series at basic prices. The World Bank series of GDP growth at market prices gives -6.37% for 2020 and 4.01% for 2025⁵, while its agricultural growth rates equal the NBS figures⁶.

Quarterly real growth of agriculture

Year-on-year % change at constant 2019 prices, Q1 2024–Q2 2026

Source: NBS — NBS quarterly GDP reports. GDP grew by 4.43% in Q2 2026⁷.

Agricultural value added by activity

Current basic prices, NGN trillion, 2019–2025

Source: NBS — Own rounding of the NBS values in NGN million. The four activities add up to NGN 101.46 trillion in 2025 (own sum).

Agricultural value added in US dollars

Agriculture, forestry and fishing, current US$ billion, 2010–2025 (World Bank)

Source: World Bank WDI · IMF · NBS — Two breaks affect the series. Values to 2018 are on the old 2010 base and values from 2019 on the 2019 base⁴. The fall in 2023 and 2024 coincides with the depreciation of the naira after the unification of the market segments in June 2023, from an annual average of 425.98 per US dollar in 2022 to 645.19 in 2023 and 1,478.97 in 2024, while value added in naira rose⁹¹⁰.

NGN/USD exchange rate, annual average

IMF period-average rate, NGN per US dollar, 2010–2025

Source: IMF · CBN — Annual averages, identical to the World Bank series PA.NUS.FCRF. Used to convert full-year flows. The CBN merged all foreign exchange market segments into the Investors and Exporters window on 14 June 2023¹⁰.

Employment in agriculture

% of total employment, modelled ILO estimate, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI · NBS — Modelled ILO estimates. The NBS Labour Force Survey 2023, on a revised methodology that counts subsistence agriculture separately, records 25,341,219 persons, 30.1% of employed persons, working in agriculture, forestry and fishing¹².

Poverty by area

Consumption poverty headcount 2018/19 and multidimensional poverty 2021/22, % of population

Source: NBS — Two different measures. The NLSS poverty line is NGN 137,430 per person per year and excludes Borno State. No official consumption poverty rate after 2018/19 had been published by October 2026¹⁵.

Poverty by the household head's activity

Poverty headcount, % of persons, by activity and sex of the household head, NLSS 2018/19

Source: NBS — Infographic on page 21 of the NBS executive summary, excluding Borno State.

Agricultural households by geopolitical zone

National Agricultural Sample Census 2022, million households

Source: NBS — Total 40,221,060 agricultural households. The North-West holds 25.76% of them.

What agricultural households do

% of agricultural households carrying out each activity, NASC 2022

Source: NBS — A household can carry out several activities. Crop-cultivating households operate 3.3 plots on average.

Use of inputs and irrigation on plots

% of cultivated plots, General Household Survey-Panel Wave 5, 2023/24

Source: NBS — Irrigation is the share of all plots. The average plot measured 0.5 hectares and the average landholding 1.3 hectares.

Agricultural, arable and forest land

% of land area, 2010–2024

Source: World Bank WDI — World Bank (FAO) data. Irrigated land was 0.31% of agricultural land in 2017, the latest value.

Headline and food inflation on the 2024 base

Year-on-year % change of the CPI (2024 = 100), selected months, January 2025–September 2026

Source: NBS — Values as printed in the September 2026 workbook. NBS has revised the 2025 rates since first publication, for example January 2025 was first published as 24.48%²². The weight of food fell from 51.8% to 40.0% with the rebasing.

Consumer price inflation, annual average

Twelve-month average change of the CPI, %, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI · NBS — Values to 2024 rest on the CPI with base November 2009 and the 2025 value on the rebased CPI (2024 = 100), so 2024 and 2025 are not on the same basis. Food inflation averaged 39.12% in 2024 and 22.00% in 2025²⁴²⁵.

Headline indicators, 2019–2025

Indicator	2019	2022	2023	2024	2025
GDP at current market prices (NGN trillion, NBS, 2019 base)	205.09	274.23	314.02	372.82	441.54
GDP (US$ billion, World Bank)	668.22	646.95	487.39	252.26	290.79
Real GDP growth at basic prices (%, NBS)	–	4.32	3.04	3.38	3.87
Agricultural value added, current basic prices (NGN trillion, NBS)	52.78	78.30	87.04	96.46	101.46
Agricultural value added (US$ billion, World Bank)	171.97	184.71	135.10	65.27	66.82
Agriculture, share of GDP at current basic prices (%, NBS)	25.83	28.87	28.12	26.46	23.53
Agriculture, share of GDP at constant 2019 prices (%, NBS)	25.83	28.77	28.27	27.81	27.55
Real growth of agriculture (%, NBS)	–	2.46	1.24	1.69	2.92
Employment in agriculture, modelled ILO estimate (% of total)	39.0	35.3	34.7	34.1	33.5
Population (million, World Bank)	209.5	223.2	227.9	232.7	237.5
Rural population (% of total, World Bank)	41.0	38.6	37.8	37.0	36.2
CPI inflation, twelve-month average (%)	11.40	18.85	24.66	33.24	23.01
NGN per US$, annual average (IMF)	306.92	425.98	645.19	1,478.97	1,518.38

Source: NBS · World Bank WDI · IMF — NBS values are on the 2019 base. The 2025 GDP at market prices and agricultural value added come from the Q4 2025 workbook, and the shares at current prices for 2022–2024 are own calculations from the NBS levels at current basic prices, 2022 from the 2019–2024 rebased workbook and 2023–2024 from the Q4 2025 workbook. Inflation for 2025 is on the rebased CPI (2024 = 100) and earlier years on the November 2009 base.

Agriculture by activity, 2025

Activity	Value added, current prices (NGN trillion)	Share of nominal GDP (%)	Real growth 2025 (%)	Real growth 2024 (%)
Crop production	64.41	14.94	3.75	2.91
Livestock	25.66	5.95	0.08	−2.14
Forestry	6.47	1.50	3.77	2.53
Fishing	4.92	1.14	1.39	−0.61
Agriculture, total	101.46	23.53	2.92	1.69

Source: NBS — NBS Q4 2025 GDP report and workbook. The total value added is an own sum of the four activities.

Agriculture in employment statistics

Indicator	Value	Basis
Persons employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing at their main job, 2023	25,341,219	NBS Labour Force Survey 2023
Share of employed persons in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 2023 (%)	30.1	NBS Labour Force Survey 2023
Share of men among persons employed in agriculture, 2023 (%)	63.8	NBS Labour Force Survey 2023
Working-age population in subsistence agriculture, Q2 2024 (%)	3.7	NBS Labour Force Statistics Q2 2024
Employment in agriculture, modelled ILO estimate, 2025 (% of total)	33.5	World Bank WDI
Employment in agriculture, women, 2025 (% of female employment)	23.6	World Bank WDI
Employment in agriculture, men, 2025 (% of male employment)	42.7	World Bank WDI

Source: NBS · World Bank WDI — Since 2023 NBS counts subsistence agriculture separately from employment, so its figures are not comparable with the ILO model.

Poverty and food security indicators

Indicator	Value	Period	Source note
Consumption poverty headcount, Nigeria (%)	40.1	2018/19	Over 82.9 million people, Borno excluded
Consumption poverty, rural areas (%)	52.1	2018/19	NLSS 2018/19
Consumption poverty, urban areas (%)	18.0	2018/19	NLSS 2018/19
Poverty line (NGN per person per year)	137,430	2018/19	NLSS 2018/19
Multidimensional poverty (%)	63	2021/22	133 million people
Multidimensional poverty, rural areas (%)	72	2021/22	MPI 2022
Prevalence of undernourishment (%)	22.2	2022–2024 average	FAO, World Bank WDI
Cost of a healthy diet (NGN per adult per day)	1,589	April 2026	NBS
People in Cadre Harmonisé Phase 3 or worse (million)	36.3	June–August 2026 (updated projection)	Cadre Harmonisé, July 2026

Source: NBS · World Bank WDI · Cadre Harmonisé — The measures differ and should not be compared directly. No official consumption poverty rate after 2018/19 had been published by October 2026.

Agricultural households in the 2022 census

Indicator	Value
Agricultural households	40,221,060
Male-headed agricultural households ('000)	33,908.64
Female-headed agricultural households ('000)	6,312.41
Households cultivating crops (%)	90.9
Households keeping livestock (%)	48.1
Households keeping poultry (%)	42.5
Households in fisheries (%)	5.4
Plots operated by crop-cultivating households (million)	121.4
Plots per crop-cultivating household	3.3

Source: NBS — National Agricultural Sample Census 2022, household listing. The NASS report text gives a different split by sex of the head (86.75% male), the census workbook is used here. NBS does not define farm-size classes.

Farms and plots, GHS-Panel Wave 5 (2023/24)

Indicator	Value
Households engaged in crop farming (%)	71.6
Households engaged in crop farming, rural areas (%)	87
Households engaged in livestock (%)	42.8
Plots held per household	2.4
Plots cultivated per household	1.5
Average plot size (ha)	0.5
Average total landholding (ha)	1.3
Average cultivated area (ha)	0.8
Male-managed plots acquired by inheritance (%)	64.9
Plots irrigated (%)	1.7
Farming households receiving extension services (%)	23.2

Source: NBS — Measured averages from the LSMS-ISA panel. The executive summary gives 24.4% for extension coverage.

Production, trade & prices21 datasets

Agri-food trade partners, 2025

Exports and imports of HS chapters 01–24 by partner country, US$ million (UN Comtrade, as reported by Nigeria)

Source: UN Comtrade — HS chapters 01–24 (live animals to tobacco). Partner values are as reported by Nigeria for 2025, the latest full year reported. Small territories without a shape on the 1:110m world map appear only in the ranked list.

Cereal production

Million tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT — FAOSTAT marks the maize, sorghum and millet values for 2022–2024 as figures from an external organisation (flag X). Rice values are official (flag A) and equal the NAERLS estimates for 2023 and 2024³⁶.

Cassava and yam production

Million tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT · NAERLS — FAOSTAT values for 2022–2024 are imputed or estimated (flags I and E). NAERLS estimates cassava at 64.36 Mt and yams at 54.58 Mt in 2024³⁶.

Crop production estimates, 2024 and 2025 wet seasons

NAERLS Agricultural Performance Survey, million tonnes

Source: NAERLS — The 2025 values were read from slide 16 of the NAERLS presentation of 7 October 2025, whose table was extracted out of order and matched to the 2024 report, and the full 2025 report was not found³⁷. Cassava was estimated at 65.39 Mt and yams at 55.78 Mt in 2025.

Cowpea, groundnut and soybean production

Million tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT — Cowpea values for 2022–2024 are FAO imputations and groundnut and soybean values for 2022–2024 come from an external organisation.

Cocoa and sesame production

Thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT — Cocoa values for 2011–2013, 2017–2019 and 2021–2024 and sesame values for 2021–2024 come from an external organisation (flag X). No official national cocoa production series was found.

Maize area and yield

Area harvested (million ha) and yield (t/ha), 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT · NBS — Values for 2022–2024 come from an external organisation. The household-sector NASS 2022/2023 records 12.26 million hectares of maize harvested in the major season, a different exercise that is not comparable with FAOSTAT¹⁶.

Livestock numbers

Million head, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT · NBS — FAOSTAT values for 2022–2024 are imputed (flag I). The NASC 2022 household listing counted 58.49 million cattle, 124.07 million goats and 63.97 million sheep, a census of agricultural households that is not comparable with the FAOSTAT series¹⁷.

Fish production

Capture and aquaculture, thousand tonnes live weight, 2010–2024

Source: FAO FishStat — Own sums of species in the FAO FishStat 2026.1 release.

Agri-food exports and imports

HS chapters 01–24, US$ billion, 2015–2025

Source: UN Comtrade — Own sums of the chapters reported by Nigeria to UN Comtrade. Nigeria imported more agri-food products than it exported in every year 2015–2025.

Agri-food exports by product group

Largest HS chapters, US$ million, 2025

Source: UN Comtrade — As reported by Nigeria to UN Comtrade. Chapter 18 made up 64.4% of agri-food exports (own calculation).

Agri-food imports by product group

Largest HS chapters, US$ million, 2025

Source: UN Comtrade — As reported by Nigeria to UN Comtrade. Cereals and sugar together made up 40.3% of agri-food imports (own calculation).

Cocoa exports and cereal and sugar imports

HS chapters 18 (exports), 10 and 17 (imports), US$ million, 2015–2025

Source: UN Comtrade — As reported by Nigeria to UN Comtrade.

Agricultural goods trade in naira

NBS foreign trade statistics, NGN billion, 2020–2025

Source: NBS — NBS classification of agricultural goods, which differs from HS chapters 01–24. Agricultural goods were 6.0% of total exports in 2025. The naira values reflect the depreciation of 2023–2024 as well as volumes.

Retail prices of selected foods

National average, NGN per kg, May 2025 and May 2026

Source: NBS — NBS Selected Food Price Watch. Local rice is short-grained and imported rice long-grained.

Production of selected crops, two sources

Crop	FAOSTAT 2024 (t)	FAOSTAT flag	NAERLS 2024 (t)	NAERLS 2025 (t)
Yams	65,322,032	E	54,577,973	55,784,099
Cassava	62,624,946	E	64,361,225	65,385,978
Maize	11,164,000	X	11,216,837	11,441,215
Rice	9,129,900	A	9,129,908	9,372,329
Sorghum	6,500,000	X	6,416,975	6,501,048
Groundnuts	4,300,000	X	5,084,549	5,241,016
Cowpeas	4,287,631	I	4,093,945	4,284,264
Millet	1,550,000	X	1,546,293	1,548,409
Soya beans	1,150,000	X	947,952	951,703
Sesame	450,000	X	508,921	536,827
Cocoa beans	350,000	X	–	–

Source: FAOSTAT · NAERLS — The FAOSTAT flags are A for an official figure, E for an estimate, I for an imputation and X for a figure from an external organisation. NAERLS values are wet-season survey estimates rounded to the tonne, with the 2025 values from the presentation of October 2025.

Nigeria in world production, 2024

Product	Rank	Countries	Quantity	World share (%)	FAOSTAT flag
Yams	1	59	65.3 million t	70.7	E
Cassava	1	97	62.6 million t	18.3	E
Cowpeas, dry	1	41	4.29 million t	42.4	I
Sorghum	2	107	6.50 million t	10.1	X
Ginger	2	43	768,922 t	15.7	I
Groundnuts	3	108	4.30 million t	7.5	X
Goats	3	181	91.0 million head	7.7	I
Sesame	4	69	450,000 t	6.7	X
Cocoa beans	5	57	350,000 t	6.7	X

Source: FAOSTAT — Own ranking among countries reporting production above zero, excluding regional aggregates and the China total. All the Nigerian values in this table are FAO estimates, imputations or figures from an external organisation, not official national data.

Livestock, two sources

Animal	FAOSTAT 2024 (head)	NASC 2022 household listing (head)	Households raising the animal, NASC 2022 ('000)
Goats	90,970,883	124,072,340	16,590.18
Sheep	52,136,324	63,965,345	8,797.85
Cattle	20,943,448	58,494,029	6,435.71
Chickens	241,700,000	613,826,636	16,690.97

Source: FAOSTAT · NBS — FAOSTAT 2024 values are imputed. NASC values are published in thousand head to three decimals and are shown here in head. The two sources differ and should not be combined.

Largest agri-food trading partners (by value), 2025

Rank	Export partner	US$ m	Import partner	US$ m
1	Netherlands	1,066.2	Brazil	886.1
2	Belgium	449.2	China	513.3
3	Germany	340.6	United States	438.0
4	Viet Nam	339.7	Russia	309.2
5	India	234.1	Argentina	256.9
6	United States	188.1	Canada	200.1
7	Malaysia	177.7	Netherlands	194.9
8	China	124.2	India	185.9
9	Indonesia	95.5	Indonesia	170.8
10	Türkiye	77.3	Lithuania	160.3

Source: UN Comtrade — HS chapters 01–24 as reported by Nigeria. Total exports US$3,677.4 million, imports US$5,591.5 million.

Leading agricultural export products as listed by NBS

Product	Q4 2025 (NGN bn)	Q1 2026 (NGN bn)	Q2 2026 (NGN bn)
Superior quality cocoa beans	586.46	596.90	58.82
Standard quality cocoa beans	292.16	–	154.31
Sesame seeds	201.13	153.78	96.03
Cashew nuts in shell	–	119.76	268.62
Soya beans	47.48	129.27	50.22
Agricultural exports, total	1,323.06	1,172.37	802.99

Source: NBS — A dash means the product was not among the leading items listed by NBS for the quarter. NBS classifies urea exports as raw materials, not agriculture.

Retail food prices, national average (NGN per kg)

Item	Dec 2024	Dec 2025	May 2025	May 2026	Change May 2025–May 2026 (%)
Local rice, short-grained	1,944.40	1,845.08	2,095.29	1,905.43	−9.06
Imported rice, long-grained	2,520.78	2,201.22	2,604.69	2,245.70	−13.78
White maize grains	1,151.13	798.97	1,216.55	815.83	−32.94
Brown beans	2,501.32	1,250.11	2,385.15	1,344.93	−43.61
White garri	1,184.77	776.36	1,341.79	813.24	−39.39
Yam tuber	1,905.90	2,054.63	2,375.40	2,347.09	−1.19
Boneless beef	6,150.18	6,885.09	6,662.92	7,171.41	+7.63

Source: NBS — NBS Selected Food Price Watch. May 2026 was the latest issue in the NBS catalogue in October 2026.

Value chains & food security10 datasets

Federal appropriations for the agriculture ministry

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, recurrent, capital and loan-funded lines, NGN billion

Source: Budget Office — Appropriation documents, not releases or spending. The totals (own sums) are NGN 1,474.6 billion (3.39% of aggregate expenditure), NGN 1,782.6 billion (3.69%) and NGN 3,574.7 billion (5.23%). The 2025 bill also carries NGN 1.5 trillion for the recapitalisation of the Bank of Agriculture⁴⁶.

Planned agri-food investment by programme

NASIP 2026–2027, NGN billion

Source: FMAFS — A plan costed on the MTEF 2025–2027, totalling NGN 6,477.3 billion, about US$4.86 billion at the end-August 2026 rate of 1,332.94 (own calculation)⁹.

Fertiliser use

Kilograms of nutrients per hectare of arable land, 2010–2024

Source: World Bank WDI · NBS — World Bank (FAO) data. Inorganic fertiliser was used on 30.6% of cultivated plots in 2023/24¹⁸.

Fertiliser prices and production costs

Average price per bag (NGN) and cost of production per hectare (NGN thousand), 2023 and 2024

Source: NAERLS — NAERLS Agricultural Performance Survey 2024. The bag size is not stated. Prices and costs are on different scales.

People in food crisis or worse

Cadre Harmonisé Phase 3 to 5, million people

Source: Cadre Harmonisé — The November 2025 analysis covers 27 states and the FCT. The July 2026 update revised nine states and counts about 2 million people in Emergency (Phase 4) and more than 10,000 in Catastrophe (Phase 5) in Borno State³².

Prevalence of undernourishment

% of population, three-year averages, 2010–2024

Source: World Bank WDI — FAO estimates published by the World Bank.

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security in the federal budget (NGN billion)

Line	2024 (repeal and enactment bill 2)	2025 (repeal and enactment bill)	2026 (Appropriation Act)
Recurrent (non-debt)	110.2	155.4	147.5
Capital	1,334.8	1,418.7	3,259.0
Multilateral and bilateral loan-funded projects	29.5	208.5	168.1
Total (own sum)	1,474.6	1,782.6	3,574.7
Share of aggregate expenditure (%, own calculation)	3.39	3.69	5.23
Aggregate federal expenditure	43,561.0	48,316.2	68,323.3

Source: Budget Office · State House — Appropriations, not releases. The 2024 and 2025 repeal and enactment Acts were assented (Budget Office statement published by the State House, 7 January 2026), and their amounts are read from the bills⁵¹. The 2025 lines are from the repeal and enactment bill. The Appropriation (Repeal and Enactment) (Amendment) Act 2026 extended the implementation of the 2025 capital component from 31 March to 30 June 2026 (State House, 17 April 2026)⁵². The 2026 amounts are from the 2026 Appropriation Bill as passed (column headed 2026 Budget Proposal in the final bill), which came into force on 1 April 2026⁵². The 2026 total is about US$2.68 billion at the end-August 2026 rate of 1,332.94 (own calculation)⁹. The Federal Ministry of Livestock Development has separate lines (NGN 177.6 billion in 2026, own sum).

NASIP 2026–2027 planned budget by programme

Programme	NGN billion	Share (%)
Short-term productivity drivers	2,400.9	37
Expansion of crop, livestock and fisheries production, value chains and exports	1,223.4	19
Finance, marketing and insurance	712.2	11
Institutional development, knowledge creation and transfer	611.7	9
Sustainable land, water and biodiversity management	611.7	9
Gender equality and social inclusion	611.7	9
Digital and climate-smart agriculture	305.8	5
Total	6,477.3	100

Source: FMAFS — A plan, not appropriations. NGN 3,084.9 billion is planned for 2026 and NGN 3,392.3 billion for 2027.

Food insecurity, Cadre Harmonisé

Analysis	People in Phase 3 or worse (million)	Coverage
October–December 2025, current	27.2	27 states and the FCT
June–August 2026, projected in November 2025	34.7	27 states and the FCT
June–August 2026, updated in July 2026	36.3	Update of nine states
Of which in Emergency (Phase 4), updated	about 2	Nigeria
Of which in Catastrophe (Phase 5), updated	more than 0.01	Borno State

Source: Cadre Harmonisé — The analysed population was 217.9 million in November 2025.

Input and market laws

Law	Act number	Assent	Commencement	Gazette
National Agricultural Seeds Council Act	No. 21 of 2019	24 Jun 2019	24 May 2019 (as printed)	No. 142B, 16 Sep 2019
National Fertilizer Quality (Control) Act	No. 23 of 2019	15 Oct 2019	15 Oct 2019	No. 115, 18 Dec 2019
Plant Variety Protection Act	No. 5 of 2021	21 May 2021	21 May 2021	No. 84, 26 May 2021
Investments and Securities Act (commodity exchanges, warehouse receipts)	No. 2 of 2025	25 Mar 2025	25 Mar 2025	No. 19, 2 May 2025
Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (Establishment) Act	2018	not printed (template block 'November 2017', Act cited as 2018)	blank in copy	not found

Source: NASC · FAOLEX · SEC Nigeria — Dates as printed in the gazette copies or texts opened.

Climate & environment12 datasets

Annual mean temperature

Country average, °C, ERA5, 2000–2025

Source: World Bank CCKP — The 1991–2020 average was 27.05 °C and the 1961–1990 average 26.55 °C (own calculations). 2024 and 2025 were the two warmest years of 1950–2025 in this series.

Annual rainfall

Country average, mm, ERA5, 2000–2025

Source: World Bank CCKP — The 1991–2020 average was 1,090.2 mm (own calculation). 2021, at 888.9 mm, was 18.5% below that average.

June–September rainfall against the 1991–2020 average

Deviation of the June–September total from its 1991–2020 mean of 741.7 mm, %, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank CCKP — Own calculations from ERA5 monthly country averages. In the flood year 2022 the June–September total was 4.4% above average, with 251.2 mm in August.

Rainfall through the year

Average monthly precipitation, mm, 1991–2020, ERA5

Source: World Bank CCKP — Own calculation. August was the wettest month on the 1991–2020 average and April the warmest (30.36 °C on average).

Projected warming

CMIP6 ensemble median annual temperature anomaly, °C, against 1995–2014

Source: World Bank CCKP — Median precipitation anomalies are positive, from +65.0 mm (SSP2-4.5, 2040–2059) to +131.1 mm (SSP5-8.5, 2080–2099).

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector

MtCO2e, 2023 (Climate Watch)

Source: Climate Watch — Agriculture produced 27.7% of the 306.85 MtCO2e emitted excluding land use and forestry (own calculation). The national inventory in the BTR1 and NDC 3.0 uses different methods and puts 2018 emissions at 573.5 to 614 MtCO2e⁶³.

Agricultural emissions by source

Farm-gate emissions, kt CO2e (AR5), 2023 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT — FAO Tier 1 estimates. Livestock accounted for 65,329.4 kt of the 84,878.0 kt of farm-gate emissions.

Emissions from agriculture

MtCO2e, Climate Watch, 2010–2023

Source: Climate Watch — Agricultural emissions rose by 36.7% between 2010 and 2023 (own calculation).

Forest area

Thousand km², 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI — Forest covered 18.95% of the land area in 2024. FAOSTAT estimates net forest conversion emissions of 44,151.9 kt CO2e in 2023⁶⁴.

Key climate indicators

Indicator	Value	Source note
Mean temperature 2025 (°C)	27.77	ERA5, country average
Mean temperature 1991–2020 (°C, own calculation)	27.05	ERA5
Mean temperature 1961–1990 (°C, own calculation)	26.55	ERA5
Annual rainfall 1991–2020 (mm, own calculation)	1,090.2	ERA5
Annual rainfall 2021 (mm)	888.9	18.5% below the 1991–2020 mean
Warming by 2080–2099, SSP5-8.5 (°C, median)	3.99	CMIP6, against 1995–2014
Agricultural emissions 2023 (MtCO2e)	84.86	Climate Watch, 27.7% of emissions excluding land use
Forest area 2024 (% of land)	18.95	World Bank
Land affected by desertification (%)	43	World Bank ACReSAL project abstract
Communities at high flood risk, 2026 outlook	14,118	266 LGAs in 33 states and the FCT

Source: World Bank CCKP · Climate Watch · World Bank WDI · World Bank · FMINO — Flood risk classes are forecasts of the Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency.

The 2022 floods

Indicator	Value	Coverage
Households affected (%)	64	Six surveyed states
Affected households reporting destruction of crops (%)	67.9	Six surveyed states
Affected households reporting loss of food stock (%)	52.6	Six surveyed states
Crop-farming households reporting reduced yields (%)	94.9	Six surveyed states
People affected (million)	3.2	34 states and the FCT
Farmland destroyed (hectares)	over 569,000	National, as quoted in the report
Direct damages, GRADE preliminary estimate (US$ billion)	3.79 to 9.12 (median 6.68)	National, World Bank and Federal Government

Source: NBS / NEMA / UNDP · NEMA — The six states are Anambra, Bayelsa, Delta, Jigawa, Kogi and Nasarawa. The GRADE figure is a preliminary satellite-based estimate, not a post-disaster needs assessment.

Nigeria's climate commitments

Document	Target	Base	Finance
NDC update 2021	−20% unconditional, −47% conditional by 2030	Against 2030 business as usual	–
NDC 3.0, September 2025	−29% by 2030 and −32% by 2035 (168.2 and 184.9 MtCO2e)	Net national emissions of 2018 (573.5 MtCO2e)	US$337 billion for 2026–2035
Climate Change Act 2021	Net zero between 2050 and 2070	–	Climate Change Fund
Energy Transition Plan	Net zero by 2060	–	About US$410 billion above business as usual, 2021–2060

Source: FGN · ETO — In NDC 3.0, 20% of the reductions are unconditional and 80% conditional on international support, and agriculture provides 0.4% of the planned reductions.

Agricultural finance22 datasets

Bank loans to agriculture

Sectoral distribution of commercial bank loans and advances, agriculture, NGN billion, December 2010–2025

Source: CBN — CBN Statistical Bulletin Table A.10, end-December stocks. Figures comply with IFRS from March 2014. The stock reached NGN 4,156.0 billion in June 2026⁷².

Bank loans to agriculture in US dollars

Loans to agriculture converted at the IMF end-of-period rate, US$ million, December 2010–2025

Source: CBN · IMF — Own conversion of the naira stock at the IMF end-of-period NGN/USD rate (the CBN official rate). The rates used are 150.66 (2010), 158.27 (2011), 157.33 (2012), 157.26 (2013), 169.68 (2014), 197.00 (2015), 305.00 (2016), 306.00 (2017), 307.00 (2018), 307.00 (2019), 381.00 (2020), 435.00 (2021), 460.00 (2022), 899.89 (2023), 1,535.82 (2024) and 1,435.76 (2025). The falls in 2023 and 2024 coincide with the depreciation of the naira after the June 2023 unification of the market segments, while the naira stock rose by 24.4% in 2023 and 26.6% in 2024 (own calculations)¹⁰.

Agriculture's share of bank loans

% of the sectoral distribution of commercial bank loans and advances, December 2010–2025

Source: CBN — Own calculations from CBN Table A.10, whose total includes credit to government. The CBN Financial Stability Report prints 4.8 per cent for December 2024⁷³. The share was 6.62% in June 2026 (own calculation)⁷². Agriculture produced 23.53% of nominal GDP in 2025².

NGN/USD exchange rate, year-end

IMF end-of-period rate, NGN per US dollar, 2010–2025

Source: IMF · CBN — The naira moved from 460 per dollar at the end of 2022 to 899.89 at the end of 2023 and 1,535.82 at the end of 2024, after the unification of the market segments on 14 June 2023¹⁰. It stood at 1,332.94 at the end of August 2026.

Monetary Policy Rate at each MPC decision

%, January 2022–September 2026

Source: CBN — No MPC meeting was held between July 2023 and February 2024. The November 2024 decision is taken from Communiqué No. 155⁷⁵. On 21–22 September 2026 the MPC reset the rate at 23 per cent. The communiqué dates follow the CBN listing⁷⁶.

Monetary Policy Rate at the end of each year

%, 2015–2025

Source: CBN — CBN Statistical Bulletin Table A.11.

Bank lending rates

Prime and maximum lending rates of deposit money banks, annual average, %, 2010–2025

Source: CBN — CBN Statistical Bulletin Table A.12, averages of the four quarters. The interest rate on CBN intervention facilities returned from 5% to 9% a year in 2022⁷⁷.

Non-performing loan ratio of the banking system

Gross NPLs as % of gross loans, June 2022–June 2025

Source: CBN — All sectors. The CBN does not publish an NPL ratio for agriculture. The ratio of June 2025 exceeded the regulatory benchmark of 5%⁷⁸. MPC communiqués gave 4.4% for April 2023 and 4.1% for end-June 2023⁷⁹⁸⁰.

Loans guaranteed by the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund

Value of loans guaranteed during the year, NGN million, 2010–2024

Source: CBN — CBN Statistical Bulletin Table C.3.6. The number of loans fell from 72,322 in 2014 to 28,903 in 2019 and was 35,227 in 2024, of which 34,491 to individuals. In January–October 2020, 6,724 of 26,830 guaranteed loans went to women⁸².

CBN agricultural interventions, disbursements and repayments

Anchor Borrowers' Programme and Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme, NGN billion, 2021 and 2022

Source: CBN — Flows during the year from the CBN 2022 Annual Economic Report. The CBN recorded no ABP or CACS disbursements in July 2024–June 2025, and ABP repayments of NGN 10.39 billion and NGN 6.92 billion in the two half-years⁷⁸.

Development Bank of Nigeria cumulative disbursements

Cumulative loans disbursed since inception, all sectors, NGN billion, 2018–2025

Source: DBN — All sectors through participating financial institutions. The report prints 2025 disbursements of NGN 359.2 billion and NGN 358.8 billion in different places, and the cumulative series implies NGN 356.1 billion (own calculation). DBN states that in 2025 it channelled more than NGN 35 billion to over 9,000 agribusinesses⁸⁵.

Accounts and borrowing

% of adults aged 15+, Global Findex survey years 2011–2024

Source: World Bank — The Global Findex 2025 report presents the 2024 survey round. Including mobile money, 9.1% of adults borrowed formally in 2024.

Financial access of adults living from farming

Access strand of adults whose main income is from farming activities, %, 2023

Source: EFInA — EFInA A2F 2023, adults aged 18 and over. The shares, read from the report's chart, add up to 101% because of rounding.

Premiums of the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation

Gross premium written, NGN million

Source: NAIC — Five-year summary of the 2023 audited accounts. NAIC made a loss after tax of NGN 1,192.2 million in 2023. The industry wrote NGN 2,301.8 billion of gross premiums in 2025, without a separate agricultural class⁸⁹.

Domestic credit to the private sector

% of GDP, 2010–2023

Source: World Bank WDI — World Bank data. The ratio uses the rebased GDP from 2019, which lowers it against earlier years.

Bank credit to agriculture, snapshot

Indicator	Dec 2023	Dec 2024	Dec 2025	Jun 2026
Loans to agriculture (NGN billion)	2,255.4	2,854.5	3,608.1	4,156.0
Total sectoral credit (NGN billion)	44,536.1	59,217.0	57,314.4	62,785.1
Agriculture share (%, own calculation)	5.06	4.82	6.30	6.62
Loans to agriculture (US$ million, own conversion)	2,506.3	1,858.6	2,513.0	3,012.3
NGN per US$, end of period (IMF)	899.89	1,535.82	1,435.76	1,379.68
Banking system NPL ratio, all sectors (%)	4.34	4.87	–	–

Source: CBN · IMF — CBN Table A.10, whose total includes credit to government. The NPL ratio was 5.76% at end-June 2025⁷⁸.

Monetary policy decisions, 2024–2026

Meeting	Monetary Policy Rate (%)	Corridor (basis points)	Cash reserve ratio, commercial banks (%)
26–27 Feb 2024	22.75	+100/−700	45
25–26 Mar 2024	24.75	+100/−300	45
20–21 May 2024	26.25	+100/−300	45
22–23 Jul 2024	26.75	+500/−100	45
23–24 Sep 2024	27.25	+500/−100	50
25–26 Nov 2024	27.50	+500/−100	50
19–20 Feb 2025	27.50	+500/−100	50
19–20 May 2025	27.50	+500/−100	50
21–22 Jul 2025	27.50	+500/−100	50
22–23 Sep 2025	27.00	+250/−250	45 (75 on non-TSA public deposits)
24–25 Nov 2025	27.00	+50/−450	45
23–24 Feb 2026	26.50	+50/−450	45
19–20 May 2026	26.50	+50/−450	45
20–21 Jul 2026	26.50	+50/−450	45
21–22 Sep 2026	23.00	+50/−300	45

Source: CBN — Decisions as printed on the CBN decisions page, the November 2024 decision from Communiqué No. 155.

Lending rates of deposit money banks (%)

Year	Prime lending rate	Maximum lending rate	Monetary Policy Rate, end of year
2020	12.32	28.64	11.5
2021	11.48	28.06	11.5
2022	12.33	28.11	16.5
2023	14.01	27.98	18.75
2024	16.29	29.20	27.5
2025	18.45	29.73	27

Source: CBN — Annual averages of the quarterly lending rates and end-of-year policy rate, CBN Statistical Bulletin Tables A.11 and A.12.

CBN development finance interventions in agriculture

Scheme	Figure	Date or period	Basis
Anchor Borrowers' Programme	NGN 1,067.29 billion to over 4.6 million smallholder farmers	Cumulative to October 2022	Disbursements since inception
Anchor Borrowers' Programme	NGN 620.4 billion	31 December 2022	Gross loan balance on the CBN's books
Anchor Borrowers' Programme	No disbursement, repayments NGN 10.39 billion and NGN 6.92 billion	July 2024–June 2025	Flows by half-year
Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme	NGN 745.31 billion for 680 projects	Cumulative to October 2022	Disbursements since inception
Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme	NGN 160.1 billion	31 December 2022	Loans to banks on the CBN's books
Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund	35,227 loans, NGN 10.44 billion	2024	Loans guaranteed during the year
P-AADS	Up to NGN 2 billion per obligor	Guidelines of 2020	Loan ceiling
Interest Drawback Programme claims under the ACGSF	6,837 claims	2024	Claims processed (22,133 in 2022)
Fertiliser handed to the agriculture ministry	2.15 million bags valued at over NGN 100 billion	13 March 2024	CBN statement

Source: CBN — No official cumulative ABP figure after October 2022 and no official repayment rate were found.

Bank recapitalisation programme 2024–2026

Licence	Minimum capital (NGN billion)
Commercial bank, international authorisation	500
Commercial bank, national	200
Commercial bank, regional	50
Merchant bank	50
Non-interest bank, national	20
Non-interest bank, regional	10

Source: CBN — Paid-in capital only, with compliance between 1 April 2024 and 31 March 2026. 14 banks had complied by September 2025 and 16 by November 2025⁹⁸⁹⁹. The CBN press release of 1 April 2026 concluding the programme is titled as NGN 4.65 trillion raised by banks⁹⁷.

Financial inclusion

Indicator	Value	Survey and population
Account ownership (%)	63.3	Global Findex, 2024, adults 15+
Account ownership, women (%)	52.2	Global Findex, 2024, adults 15+
Mobile money account (%)	32.8	Global Findex, 2024, adults 15+
Borrowed from a formal financial institution (%)	6.1	Global Findex, 2024, adults 15+
Formally included (%)	64	EFInA A2F 2023, adults 18+
Financially excluded (%)	26	EFInA A2F 2023, adults 18+
Adults living from farming who are banked (%)	36	EFInA A2F 2023, adults 18+
Adults living from farming who are excluded (%)	30	EFInA A2F 2023, adults 18+
Financially included Nigerians (%)	74.00	CBN, end-June 2025

Source: World Bank · EFInA · CBN — The three sources use different definitions and populations and should not be combined.

Agricultural insurance and guarantees

Item	Value	Source note
NAIC gross premium written, 2023	NGN 1,228.8 million	Audited accounts
NAIC loss after tax, 2023	NGN 1,192.2 million	Audited accounts
Premium subsidy under the NAIC Act	up to 50% (37.5% federal, 12.5% state)	NAIC Act s.9
Cover for farmers with agricultural loans	compulsory	NAIC Act s.13
Insurance industry gross premium, 2025	NGN 2,301.8 billion	NAICOM, no separate agricultural class
ACGSF maximum guarantee	75% of the loan	ACGSF Act s.6
NIRSAL credit risk guarantee	up to 75%	NIRSAL website

Source: NAIC · PLAC, LFN 2004 · NAICOM · NIRSAL — No official figure for agricultural insurance premiums across the market was found.

Sustainable finance7 datasets

Sovereign green bonds

Amount issued or allotted, NGN billion

Source: DMO · FGN / DMO — Series I was a 5-year bond at 13.48%, Series II a 7-year bond at 14.5% and Series III a 5-year bond at 18.95%, allotted from an offer of NGN 50 billion that drew NGN 91.42 billion of subscriptions.

Use of proceeds of the 2019 sovereign green bond

Series II, amounts committed by sector, NGN million

Source: FGN / DMO — Of NGN 15,000 million, NGN 14,316 million (95.44%) had been utilised by March 2025. The agriculture project demonstrated agroforestry and conservation agriculture in ten states.

Green Climate Fund allocations to Nigeria in agriculture-related projects

Nigeria's share of approved GCF financing, US$ million

Source: GCF — All are multi-country projects, and the values are the country allocations in the GCF data, totalling US$75.0 million (own calculation). These are approvals, not disbursements. The GCF country page listed 19 projects worth US$257 million for Nigeria in October 2026¹⁰⁷.

Climate finance needs in NDC 3.0

US$ billion, 2026–2035

Source: FGN — Total needs of US$337 billion. The domestic and international shares split the same total.

Green bonds issued in Nigeria

Instrument	Date	Amount (NGN billion)	Terms
FGN sovereign green bond Series I	Dec 2017	10.69	5-year, 13.48%, matured 22 Dec 2022
NSP-SPV Powercorp green bond	27 Feb 2019	8.50	Refinancing of solar assets
Access Bank green bond	18 Mar 2019	15.00	5-year, 15.50%, Climate Bonds certified
FGN sovereign green bond Series II	13 Jun 2019	15.00	7-year, 14.5%, matured 13 Jun 2026
FGN sovereign green bond Series III	Jun 2025	47.355	5-year, 18.95%, due June 2030, listed 13 May 2026
Lagos State Series 3 green bond	Listing approved Feb 2026	14.82	5-year, 16.00%

Source: DMO · SEC Nigeria · FMDQ · FGN / DMO — Amounts as published by the DMO, the SEC and FMDQ.

Green Climate Fund projects covering agriculture in Nigeria

Project	Approved	GCF financing, whole project (US$ m)	Nigeria allocation (US$ m)	Accredited entity
FP078 Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund	1 Mar 2018	26.0	5.20	Acumen
FP092 Integrated development and adaptation in the Niger Basin	20 Oct 2018	67.8	12.60	AfDB
FP183 Inclusive Green Financing Initiative (IGREENFIN I)	29 Mar 2022	116.9	8.99	IFAD
FP252 Acumen Resilient Agriculture Fund II	24 Oct 2024	34.0	5.10	Acumen
FP268 Resilience in Africa's Great Green Wall (SURAGGWA)	3 Jul 2025	150.0	37.50	FAO
FP293 Food Securities Fund, cocoa and coffee tranche	28 Mar 2026	56.0	5.60	Clarmondial

Source: GCF — All are multi-country projects. Approved amounts, not disbursements. The single-country FP104 solar programme (US$100 million) lapsed¹⁰⁶.

Sustainable finance framework

Instrument	Issuer	Date	Status
Nigerian Sustainable Banking Principles and sector guidelines	CBN and Bankers' Committee	2012	Reporting template 2014, recalled in the FRC roadmap of 2026
Rules on green bonds	SEC	2018	Listed by the SEC in 2022, text not opened
Guidelines on Sustainable Financial Principles for the Capital Market	SEC	April 2021	Applies to regulated entities and public companies
Sustainable Bond Framework of the Federal Republic	DMO	March 2025	Basis of Series III
IFRS S1 and S2 roadmap (amended 2026)	FRC	2026	Mandatory for public interest entities from 1 January 2028
National Carbon Market Framework	NCCC	October 2025	Approved by the NCCC

Source: IFC SBN · SEC Nigeria · DMO · FRC · FMINO — No national sustainable finance taxonomy had been published by October 2026. The CBN circulars on the Sustainable Banking Principles could not be opened and are cited through the IFC Sustainable Banking Network report.

ⓘ

AI-assisted content, human-reviewed: This page was generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and reviewed by a human editor. (last review: October 2026) Despite review, errors or outdated values may remain; please verify critical figures against the linked primary sources before relying on them. Nothing here is investment, legal or financial advice.

For more information and suggestions, please contact serkan.veziroglu@prosperaimpact.com.

Quarter	Agriculture (%)
Q1 2024	-1.79
Q2 2024	2.6
Q3 2024	2.55
Q4 2024	2.54
Q1 2025	0.07
Q2 2025	2.82
Q3 2025	3.79
Q4 2025	4
Q1 2026	3.15
Q2 2026	4.39

Year	Crop production (NGN tn)	Livestock (NGN tn)	Forestry (NGN tn)	Fishing (NGN tn)
2019	35.93	11.76	2.7	2.4
2020	41.22	13.7	2.96	2.68
2021	48.31	17	3.43	2.77
2022	50.19	20.86	4.26	3
2023	56.9	21.64	4.86	3.65
2024	61.92	24.8	5.28	4.46
2025	64.41	25.66	6.47	4.92

	Male-headed (%)	Female-headed (%)
Agriculture only	58.76	37.75
Non-farm enterprise only	25.45	19.45
Wage work only	17.53	13.99

Zone	Agricultural households (million)
North-West	10.36
North-Central	7.76
North-East	6.45
South-West	5.39
South-South	5.29
South-East	4.97

	Share of plots (%)
Herbicide	32.6
Inorganic fertiliser	30.6
Organic fertiliser	26.2
Animal traction	17.4
Pesticide	16.3
Machinery	8.7
Irrigation	1.7

Year	Share of GDP (World Bank) (%)
2010	23.9
2011	22.2
2012	21.9
2013	20.8
2014	20
2015	20.6
2016	21
2017	20.9
2018	21.2
2019	25.7
2020	28.4
2021	29.4
2022	28.6
2023	27.7
2024	25.9
2025	23

Year	Agriculture (%)	GDP (%)
2020	2.66	-6.96
2021	3.78	0.95
2022	2.46	4.32
2023	1.24	3.04
2024	1.69	3.38
2025	2.92	3.87

Year	Value added (US$ bn)
2010	87.69
2011	92.16
2012	101.42
2013	107.97
2014	114.78
2015	101.72
2016	84.91
2017	78.33
2018	89.42
2019	171.97
2020	169.67
2021	179.02
2022	184.71
2023	135.1
2024	65.27
2025	66.82

Year	NGN per US$ (NGN per US$)
2010	150.3
2011	153.86
2012	157.5
2013	157.31
2014	158.55
2015	192.44
2016	253.49
2017	305.79
2018	306.08
2019	306.92
2020	358.81
2021	401.15
2022	425.98
2023	645.19
2024	1,478.97
2025	1,518.38

Year	Total (%)	Women (%)	Men (%)
2010	45	37.6	51.5
2011	44	36.6	50.5
2012	42.9	34.8	50
2013	41.6	32.7	49.3
2014	40.6	31.8	48.4
2015	40.1	31.1	47.9
2016	40	31	47.9
2017	39.7	30.7	47.7
2018	39.4	30.4	47.4
2019	39	29.9	47
2020	38.8	29.4	47.1
2021	37.3	27.7	45.6
2022	35.3	24.9	44.2
2023	34.7	24.7	43.9
2024	34.1	24.1	43.3
2025	33.5	23.6	42.7

	Share of agricultural households (%)
Crop cultivation	90.9
Livestock	48.1
Poultry	42.5
Fisheries	5.4
Forestry	2.4

Year	Agricultural land (%)	Arable land (%)	Forest (%)
2010	74.2	40	20.9
2011	73.6	39.4	20.8
2012	73.4	39	20.6
2013	72.8	38.7	20.5
2014	73.7	39.5	20.3
2015	74.8	40.4	20.2
2016	76	41.4	20.1
2017	77.2	42.5	19.9
2018	77.3	42.4	19.8
2019	75.1	40.5	19.6
2020	74.9	39.6	19.5
2021	75.1	39.5	19.4
2022	76.1	40.1	19.2
2023	77.1	40.8	19.1
2024	77.1	40.8	19

Month	Headline (%)	Food (%)
Jan 2025	27.61	29.63
Jun 2025	25.29	25.41
Sep 2025	20.98	20.16
Dec 2025	15.15	10.84
Jan 2026	15.1	8.89
Mar 2026	15.38	14.31
Jun 2026	15.91	17.52
Jul 2026	15.43	20.31
Aug 2026	15.39	19.57
Sep 2026	14.63	19.59

Year	CPI inflation (%)
2010	13.74
2011	10.83
2012	12.22
2013	8.5
2014	8.05
2015	9.01
2016	15.7
2017	16.5
2018	12.1
2019	11.4
2020	13.25
2021	16.95
2022	18.85
2023	24.66
2024	33.24
2025	23.01

Year	Maize (Mt)	Rice (paddy) (Mt)	Sorghum (Mt)	Millet (Mt)
2010	7.68	4.47	7.14	5.17
2011	8.88	4.61	5.69	1.27
2012	8.69	5.43	5.84	1.28
2013	8.42	5.82	5.3	0.91
2014	10.79	6.69	6.88	1.85
2015	9.54	7.57	7.01	1.81
2016	10.53	7.81	7.56	1.49
2017	10.63	7.84	6.94	1.53
2018	10.93	8.4	6.8	1.88
2019	12.6	8.44	6.67	1.93
2020	12.4	8.17	6.59	1.91
2021	12.74	8.34	6.73	1.93
2022	12.95	8.5	6.81	1.94
2023	11.05	8.9	6.4	1.56
2024	11.16	9.13	6.5	1.55

Year	Cassava (Mt)	Yams (Mt)
2010	42.53	37.33
2011	46.19	33.13
2012	50.95	32.32
2013	47.41	35.62
2014	54.32	43.71
2015	57.41	44.1
2016	60.53	48.98
2017	61.35	49.52
2018	65.35	55.36
2019	56.97	52.91
2020	55.57	56.35
2021	58.24	59.88
2022	61.36	61.1
2023	62.75	62.38
2024	62.62	65.32

Year	Cowpeas (Mt)	Groundnuts (Mt)	Soya beans (Mt)
2010	3.37	3.8	0.37
2011	1.64	2.96	0.49
2012	5.15	3.31	0.65
2013	4.63	2.47	0.52
2014	2.14	3.4	0.62
2015	2.31	3.47	0.59
2016	3.75	4.36	0.94
2017	3.87	4.52	0.99
2018	4.01	4.6	1.05
2019	4.06	4.36	1.05
2020	4.13	4.23	1.26
2021	4.21	4.23	1.17
2022	4.21	4.28	1.32
2023	4.29	4.3	1.5
2024	4.29	4.3	1.15

Year	Cocoa beans (kt)	Sesame seed (kt)
2010	399.2	149.4
2011	391	229.2
2012	383	994.8
2013	367	585
2014	329.9	435
2015	302.1	432.9
2016	298	593.6
2017	250	632.3
2018	270	522.7
2019	250	523.4
2020	357.6	195.4
2021	280	440
2022	300	420
2023	350	450
2024	350	450

Year	Area harvested (million ha) (million ha / t per ha)	Yield (t/ha) (million ha / t per ha)
2010	4.15	1.85
2011	5.46	1.63
2012	5.75	1.51
2013	5.76	1.46
2014	6.35	1.7
2015	5.55	1.72
2016	5.9	1.78
2017	6.39	1.66
2018	6.54	1.67
2019	6.78	1.86
2020	6.05	2.05
2021	6.21	2.05
2022	5.8	2.23
2023	5.7	1.94
2024	5.5	2.03

Crop	2024 (Mt)	2025 (Mt)
Maize	11.22	11.44
Rice	9.13	9.37
Sorghum	6.42	6.5
Groundnut	5.08	5.24
Cowpea	4.09	4.28
Millet	1.55	1.55
Soybean	0.95	0.95
Sesame	0.51	0.54

Year	Goats (million head)	Sheep (million head)	Cattle (million head)
2010	56.52	35.52	16.58
2011	67.29	38.38	19.04
2012	68.97	39.34	19.21
2013	70.7	40.32	19.37
2014	71.96	41.28	19.75
2015	72.53	41.63	20.18
2016	76.14	43.42	19.88
2017	78.04	44.5	20.06
2018	79.89	45.61	20.24
2019	81.88	46.77	20.4
2020	84.04	47.93	20.59
2021	86.14	49.12	20.76
2022	88.04	50.31	20.86
2023	89.54	51.21	20.9
2024	90.97	52.14	20.94

Year	Capture (kt)	Aquaculture (kt)
2010	617	200.5
2011	635.5	221.1
2012	668.8	253.9
2013	721.4	278.7
2014	759.8	313.2
2015	710.3	316.7
2016	734.7	306.8
2017	916.3	296.2
2018	878.2	291.3
2019	825	289.5
2020	783.1	261.7
2021	805.2	275.6
2022	784.1	259.1
2023	799.6	258.8
2024	855.3	258.2

Year	Exports (US$ bn)	Imports (US$ bn)
2015	1.44	5.9
2016	0.72	4.85
2017	0.83	5.29
2018	1.25	4.88
2019	0.98	4.94
2020	1.06	8.4
2021	1.58	7.66
2022	1.79	7.1
2023	2.63	7.09
2024	3.24	4.69
2025	3.68	5.59

	Exports (US$ m)
18 Cocoa & products	2,368.3
08 Fruit & nuts	533.9
12 Oilseeds	404.5
24 Tobacco	93.3
03 Fish & seafood	58.7
06 Live plants & flowers	57.1
15 Fats & oils	41.3
21 Miscellaneous food preparations	37.6

	Imports (US$ m)
10 Cereals	1,405.4
17 Sugar & confectionery	849.3
03 Fish & seafood	783.5
15 Fats & oils	412.8
19 Cereal, flour & bakery products	352.3
04 Dairy, eggs & honey	335.3
11 Milling products	261.4
21 Miscellaneous food preparations	260.1

Year	Cocoa exports (18) (US$ m)	Cereal imports (10) (US$ m)	Sugar imports (17) (US$ m)
2015	605.8	1,752.1	670.8
2016	292.7	1,289.5	854.9
2017	256.1	1,556.6	667.6
2018	374.5	1,424.1	613.4
2019	311.3	1,302	545.5
2020	350.2	2,330.5	872.7
2021	624.3	2,737.6	980.1
2022	680.6	2,276.7	932.4
2023	815	2,190.9	1,117.6
2024	1,922.7	1,211.7	698.6
2025	2,368.3	1,405.4	849.3

Year	Agricultural exports (NGN bn)	Agricultural imports (NGN bn)
2020	321.5	1,145.1
2021	504.9	1,966.9
2022	598.2	1,865.5
2023	1,244.5	2,281.1
2024	4,439.9	3,786.6
2025	5,070.2	4,759.9

Item	May 2025 (NGN per kg)	May 2026 (NGN per kg)
Local rice	2,095.29	1,905.43
Imported rice	2,604.69	2,245.7
White maize	1,216.55	815.83
Brown beans	2,385.15	1,344.93
White garri	1,341.79	813.24
Yam tuber	2,375.4	2,347.09
Tomatoes	1,392.71	1,560.56
Onions	1,607.38	1,180.01

Programme	Planned budget (NGN bn)
Short-term productivity drivers	2,400.9
Production, value chains and exports	1,223.4
Finance, marketing and insurance	712.2
Institutional development	611.7
Land, water and biodiversity	611.7
Gender and social inclusion	611.7
Digital and climate-smart agriculture	305.8

Statistics

Macro-economy & structure22 datasets

Production, trade & prices21 datasets

Value chains & food security10 datasets

Climate & environment12 datasets

Agricultural finance22 datasets

Sustainable finance7 datasets

Year	Fertiliser consumption (kg/ha)
2010	11.1
2011	6.2
2012	8.6
2013	8.7
2014	9
2015	7.8
2016	10.3
2017	19
2018	17.8
2019	18.6
2020	23.1
2021	18.2
2022	11
2023	8.2
2024	13

Item	2023 (NGN / NGN thousand)	2024 (NGN / NGN thousand)
NPK, NGN per bag	25,400	42,000
Urea, NGN per bag	22,350	41,300
Rice, NGN thousand per ha	423.4	583.5
Maize, NGN thousand per ha	330.6	561.2

Period	Phase 3 or worse (million)
Oct–Dec 2025 (current)	27.2
Jun–Aug 2026 (projected, Nov 2025)	34.7
Jun–Aug 2026 (updated, Jul 2026)	36.3

Year	Undernourishment (%)
2010	10.5
2011	11.3
2012	11.9
2013	11.8
2014	11.4
2015	11
2016	11.1
2017	11.7
2018	12.1
2019	13.9
2020	15.6
2021	17.7
2022	19.3
2023	20.8
2024	22.2

Year	Mean temperature (°C)
2000	26.66
2001	26.73
2002	26.86
2003	27.07
2004	27.14
2005	27.5
2006	27.45
2007	27
2008	26.82
2009	27.5
2010	27.73
2011	27.23
2012	27
2013	27.26
2014	27.11
2015	27.27
2016	27.41
2017	27.39
2018	27.19
2019	27.25
2020	27.26
2021	27.5
2022	26.97
2023	27.64
2024	27.76
2025	27.77

Year	Precipitation (mm)
2000	1,033.2
2001	998.2
2002	1,051.6
2003	1,007.6
2004	999.9
2005	988.5
2006	1,008.7
2007	1,040.1
2008	1,087.1
2009	1,037.4
2010	1,127.6
2011	985.7
2012	1,193.5
2013	1,053.8
2014	1,176.6
2015	1,030.9
2016	1,179
2017	1,052.2
2018	1,081.4
2019	1,264.2
2020	1,001.1
2021	888.9
2022	993.7
2023	976.9
2024	984.5
2025	1,017.6

Year	Deviation (%)
2010	5.4
2011	-8.9
2012	11.7
2013	-8.4
2014	3.6
2015	-1.6
2016	10.3
2017	0.6
2018	2.6
2019	5.4
2020	0.3
2021	-7.9
2022	4.4
2023	-4.5
2024	0.4
2025	1.2

Month	Precipitation (mm)
Jan	6.3
Feb	11.5
Mar	28.6
Apr	58.5
May	108
Jun	138.7
Jul	185
Aug	235.8
Sep	182.1
Oct	105.5
Nov	23.8
Dec	6.3

Sector	Emissions (MtCO2e)
Energy	187.89
Agriculture	84.86
Land use and forestry	36.08
Waste	20.64
Industrial processes	13.45

	Emissions (kt CO2e)
Enteric fermentation	39,841.5
Manure left on pasture	21,003.8
Rice cultivation	13,824.5
Manure management	3,195.7
Crop residues	2,136.5
Manure applied to soils	1,288.4
Burning crop residues	776.7
Synthetic fertilisers	484.5