Macro-economy & structure24 datasets
Tanzania Mainland, annual % change at constant 2019 prices, 2017–2025
Source: NBS · World Bank WDI — NBS National Accounts 2019–2025, Table 7. Agricultural growth stayed between 3.7% and 6.6% in every year of the revised series.
Tanzania Mainland, annual % change at constant 2019 prices, 2017–2025
Source: NBS — NBS National Accounts 2019–2025, Table 7. Fishing output varies more from year to year than the other activities.
Tanzania Mainland, current prices, TZS trillion, 2016–2025
Source: NBS — Current prices, not adjusted for inflation, rounded from TZS million. The total also includes agriculture support services (TZS 0.07 trillion in 2025) and was TZS 56.83 trillion in 2025, against GDP of TZS 234.10 trillion.
Agriculture, forestry and fishing, current US$ billion, 2010–2025 (World Bank)
Source: World Bank WDI · IMF — World Bank series for the United Republic, still on the 2015 base according to its country metadata, so it does not reflect the NBS 2019-base revision published in 2026. The shilling's annual average moved from 1,395.63 per US dollar in 2010 to 2,597.90 in 2024 (IMF) and 2,537.6 in 2025 (Bank of Tanzania)12.
Tanzania Mainland, real growth on the same quarter a year earlier, %, 2019 base, 2024 Q1 – 2026 Q1
Annual % change, harmonised series on the 2019 base, 2017–2025
% of total employment, ILO modelled estimate, 2010–2025 (World Bank)
Source: World Bank WDI · NBS/OCGS — Modelled ILO estimate, which differs from the Integrated Labour Force Survey. The ILFS 2024 and 2025 put agriculture at 54.2% and 54.4% of employed persons under the 19th ICLS standards21.
United Republic, number of households, 2019/20 agricultural year (thousand)
Source: NBS/OCGS — National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/20, Main Report, appendix Table 2.4, class labels as printed. Holding size covers all types of agricultural household, including livestock-only households with very little land. 2,567,530 of the 7,837,405 households, 32.8%, held more than 5 hectares (own calculation).
United Republic, million head, 2002/03, 2007/08 and 2019/20
Source: NBS/OCGS — Key Findings Report, Table 3.15, including smallholder and large-scale farms. The 2019/20 reference date is 1 August 2020. The census also counted 87.7 million chickens.
Tanzania Mainland, % of population below the basic needs poverty line, Household Budget Surveys 2007, 2011/12 and 2017/18
Source: NBS · World Bank WDI — HBS 2017/18 Main Report, Table 7.4.1.1 and Figure 7.4.1.3. The basic needs poverty line was TZS 49,320 per adult equivalent per month in 2017/18. Results of the 2024/25 survey had not been published by October 2026.
Million hectares, 2010–2024 (World Bank, from FAO)
Source: World Bank WDI — Agricultural land was 45.1% and arable land 15.5% of the land area of 884,000 km² in 2024. The 2019/20 agriculture census measured a cultivated area of 13.75 million hectares23.
Gross fixed capital formation in agriculture, Tanzania Mainland, TZS trillion at 2019 prices, 2016–2025
Source: NBS — NBS National Accounts 2019–2025, Table 25, crops, livestock, forestry, fishing and hunting. In 2025 fixed investment in agriculture was 2.2% of agricultural value added at constant prices (own calculation).
Tanzanian shillings per US dollar, 2010–2025
Tanzania Mainland, National Consumer Price Index, % change, 2011–2025
Source: NBS · World Bank WDI — Statistical Abstract 2025, Table 15.3, rebased series with 2020 = 100.
Headline indicators, 2016–2025
| Indicator | 2016 | 2020 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP, Mainland, current prices (TZS trillion) | 103.75 | 149.84 | 193.36 | 211.97 | 234.10 |
| GDP, United Republic (US$ billion, World Bank) | 49.77 | 66.07 | 79.03 | 79.24 | 90.14 |
| Real GDP growth, Mainland (%) | – | 3.6 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
| Agriculture, forestry & fishing value added, Mainland (TZS trillion) | 27.01 | 37.72 | 48.55 | 52.87 | 56.83 |
| Agricultural value added, United Republic (US$ billion, World Bank) | 13.66 | 16.69 | 18.72 | 18.48 | 20.65 |
| Agriculture, share of Mainland GDP at current prices (%) | 26.0 | 25.2 | 25.1 | 24.9 | 24.3 |
| Real growth of agriculture, Mainland (%) | – | 5.2 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 5.5 |
| Population (million, World Bank) | 53.82 | 60.97 | 66.62 | 68.56 | 70.55 |
| Rural population (% of total, World Bank) | 68.2 | 66.1 | 64.5 | 63.8 | 63.1 |
| CPI inflation, annual average, Mainland (%) | 5.2 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
| Shillings per US$, annual average | 2,177.1 | 2,294.1 | 2,383.0 | 2,597.9 | 2,537.6 |
| Agri-food exports, HS 01–24 (US$ million) | 1,794.8 | 1,707.9 | 2,437.7 | 3,228.5 | 3,155.7 |
| Agri-food imports, HS 01–24 (US$ million) | 863.3 | 695.9 | 1,406.1 | 1,495.6 | 1,370.6 |
Source: NBS · World Bank WDI · MoF · IMF · BoT · UN Comtrade — Mainland national accounts on the 2019 base (2025 provisional). World Bank series cover the United Republic and are still on the 2015 base according to their country metadata. The 2025 exchange rate is the Bank of Tanzania annual average. The 2022 census counted 61.74 million people, fewer than the World Bank estimate for that year37.
Effect of the 2019 base revision on 2019 values, Tanzania Mainland
| Activity | 2015 base (TZS million) | 2019 base (TZS million) | Change (%) | Share of GDP, 2015 base (%) | Share of GDP, 2019 base (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 36,447,871 | 34,531,749 | −5.3 | 27.1 | 24.8 |
| Crops | 20,066,646 | 18,498,565 | −7.8 | 14.9 | 13.3 |
| Livestock | 10,357,287 | 9,457,254 | −8.7 | 7.7 | 6.8 |
| Forestry | 3,641,955 | 3,984,921 | 9.4 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
| Fishing | 2,381,982 | 2,591,008 | 8.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
| GDP at market prices | 134,540,194 | 139,135,212 | 3.4 | 100 | 100 |
Source: MoF · NBS · NBS/OCGS — Economic Survey 2025, Tables 20.1, 20.3 and 20.4. The revision raised GDP and lowered agriculture's measured value added. The Ministry of Finance values for the 2019 base differ slightly from the NBS workbook by activity (crops TZS 18,498,565 million against 18,476,138 million) because the Ministry folds agriculture support services into the activities1.
Agriculture's share of employment, Integrated Labour Force Surveys
| Survey | United Republic (%) | Mainland (%) | Zanzibar (%) | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ILFS 2020/21, analytical report | 64.9 | 65.6 | 35.5 | National definition, which counts production of primary products for own consumption |
| ILFS 2020/21 as re-presented in the ILFS 2024 report | 60.4 | – | – | As shown in ILFS 2024, Figure 2.2 |
| ILFS 2024 | 54.2 | 54.9 | 29.3 | 19th and 20th ICLS standards |
| ILFS 2025 | 54.4 | 55.1 | 28.4 | 19th and 20th ICLS standards |
2022 Population and Housing Census, key figures
| Indicator | United Republic | Mainland | Zanzibar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 61,741,120 | 59,851,347 | 1,889,773 |
| Rural population | 40,201,425 | 39,237,927 | 963,498 |
| Rural share (%) | 65.1 | 65.6 | 51.0 |
| Private households | 14,152,803 | 13,776,975 | 375,828 |
| Intercensal growth 2012–2022 (% a year) | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
| Employed in agricultural and fishery occupations (%) | 43.2 | 43.8 | 24.2 |
Source: NBS/OCGS — Key Findings report of April 2024. The occupation-based share of agriculture is not the same as the industry share from the labour force surveys. 63.1% of households owned land or a farm.
Agricultural households by activity, agriculture censuses
| Activity | 2002/03 | 2007/08 | 2019/20 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crops only | 3,156,060 | 3,508,581 | 5,088,135 |
| Crops and livestock | 1,702,750 | 2,268,255 | 2,589,156 |
| Livestock only | 41,199 | 57,770 | 157,290 |
| Fish farming only | – | – | 1,358 |
| Pastoralist | 1,828 | 3,917 | 1,465 |
| Total | 4,901,837 | 5,838,523 | 7,837,405 |
Source: NBS/OCGS · NBS — National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/20, Key Findings Report, Table 3.2. Annual agricultural sample surveys between censuses are listed on the NBS website44. In 2019/20 agricultural households were 65.3% of all households in the United Republic, 65.7% on the Mainland and 51.8% in Zanzibar (Table 3.1).
Input use, irrigation and extension, 2019/20 agricultural year
| Indicator | United Republic | Mainland | Zanzibar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cultivated area (ha) | 13,750,597 | 13,565,319 | 185,278 |
| Area planted with improved seed (ha) | 2,751,386 | 2,717,036 | 34,350 |
| Area with any fertiliser (ha) | 2,762,729 | 2,722,709 | 40,020 |
| of which inorganic fertiliser (ha) | 1,089,517 | 1,067,398 | 22,119 |
| Households practising irrigation | 411,108 | 363,243 | 47,865 |
| Area irrigated by households (ha) | 289,386 | 272,897 | 16,489 |
| Crop households receiving extension advice (%) | 7.0 | 6.9 | 10.1 |
Source: NBS/OCGS — Key Findings Report, Tables 3.8–3.10 and Figures 3.4–3.5. Improved seed covered 20.0% and fertiliser 20.1% of the cultivated area (own calculation from the table). Household irrigation excludes irrigation schemes.
Agricultural credit, 2019/20 agricultural year
| Indicator | United Republic | Mainland | Zanzibar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural households whose members borrowed for agriculture | 294,618 | 291,035 | 3,583 |
| Share of agricultural households (%) | 3.8 | 3.8 | 2.0 |
| Value of credit received (TZS billion) | 200.7 | 199.1 | 1.6 |
| Value of repayment (TZS billion) | 284.0 | 281.2 | 2.8 |
Source: NBS/OCGS — National Sample Census of Agriculture 2019/20, Main Report, Tables 5.1 and 5.4. Banks provided TZS 69.5 billion, 34.6% of the value of credit. By number of borrowers the main sources were family, friends and relatives (25.9%), cooperatives (22.3%) and private individuals (16.9%). The main reasons for not borrowing were that credit was not needed (23.8%), not available (20.3%) or not wanted (19.7%).
Poverty in Zanzibar, Household Budget Surveys 2014/15 and 2019/20
| Indicator | Rural 2014/15 | Urban 2014/15 | Total 2014/15 | Rural 2019/20 | Urban 2019/20 | Total 2019/20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Below the basic needs poverty line (%) | 40.2 | 17.9 | 30.4 | 33.7 | 15.5 | 25.7 |
| Below the food poverty line (%) | 15.7 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 4.9 | 9.3 |
Source: OCGS — OCGS Zanzibar Household Budget Survey 2019/20. The 2019/20 basic needs poverty line was TZS 66,313 per adult a month.
Production, trade & prices23 datasets
Exports and imports of HS chapters 01–24 by partner country, US$ million (UN Comtrade, as reported by Tanzania)
Exports · All agri-food products3,155.7 US$ m
US$ m<0.10.10.73940+no trade / n.a.Tanzania
Top 12 partners · share of total and US$ m
1
India
16.1%509.2
2
Belgium
9.8%309.9
3
China
8.2%258.3
4
Vietnam
6%190.6
5
Kenya
6%188.5
6
Netherlands
4.2%132.9
7
UAE
4%125
8
Rwanda
3.8%118.5
9
DR Congo
3.6%112.7
10
Japan
3.5%109.8
11
Uganda
2.7%84.8
12
Switzerland
2.2%70.4
103 more partners · 945.3 US$ m (30%)
Source: UN Comtrade — HS chapters 01–24 (live animals to tobacco). Raw cotton (HS chapter 52) is not included. Partner values are as reported by Tanzania, and 2025 is the latest full year reported to UN Comtrade. Small territories without a shape on the 1:110m world map appear only in the ranked list.
Tanzania Mainland, % change on the same month a year earlier, January 2024 – September 2026
Source: NBS — NBS CPI summary workbook, September 2026 release. Food inflation peaked at 7.7% in August 2025 and was 3.9% in September 2026.
United Republic, million tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT · MoA budget speech 2026/27 · World Bank WDI — FAOSTAT years correspond to the harvest of the season ending in that year for most food crops (FAOSTAT 2023 maize equals the Ministry of Agriculture figure for 2022/23). Several years are FAO estimates. The Ministry reports 10.93 million tonnes of maize for 2024/25 and rice as milled rice. The World Bank puts the cereal yield at 1,872 kg per hectare in 202450.
United Republic, million tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT — Fresh weight. The Ministry of Agriculture's food balance converts cassava, bananas and potatoes to grain equivalent, so its figures are much lower and not comparable.
United Republic, million hectares, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT — FAOSTAT area harvested. Many recent values are FAO estimates or rounded figures from external sources (for example maize in 2020–2023), so the trends are indicative.
United Republic, cashew nuts in shell, thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — The bars show FAOSTAT values for the United Republic. The FAOSTAT 2024 value (528,262 t) matches to within 2 t the Ministry of Agriculture figure for Tanzania Mainland for the 2024/25 marketing season, 528,263.82 t, marked as provisional in the 2025/26 budget speech53. The Ministry reported 617,684 tonnes for Tanzania Mainland for 2025/26 by March 202654.
United Republic, thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT · TCB · TTB — FAOSTAT data cover the United Republic, while the Ministry of Agriculture reports for Tanzania Mainland. FAOSTAT years map to different marketing seasons for different crops. FAOSTAT 2024 seed cotton equals the Ministry figure for 2023/24, and tea is green leaf, while the Ministry reports made tea. The Tobacco Board reports 185,776 tonnes of tobacco sales for the 2024/25 crop season56.
United Republic, thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT — Most sunflower and sesame values are FAO estimates or figures from external sources (flags E, I and X), so the trends are indicative.
Tanzania Mainland, million tonnes in grain equivalent, seasons 2013/14–2024/25 (Ministry of Agriculture)
Source: MAFC budget speech 2015/16 · MALF budget speech 2016/17 · MoA budget speech 2018/19 · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2021/22 (summary) · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Each season is reported in the Ministry's budget speech of the following year. Non-cereals (pulses, bananas, cassava and potatoes) are in dried grain equivalent and rice is milled. For 2015/16 only the total was found. Cereals and non-cereals for 2017/18 to 2020/21 are own sums of the crop rows of Table 11 of the 2023/24 budget speech, which reproduce its totals of 16.89, 16.29, 18.20 and 18.67 million tonnes. For 2020/21 paragraph 23 of that speech prints non-cereals of 7,990,792 t, while its total less cereals gives 7,790,792 t, consistent with the crop rows60. The total rose from 16.02 million tonnes in 2013/14 to 23.78 million tonnes in 2024/25.
Tanzania Mainland, production of the previous season as % of the food requirement, consumption years 2014/15–2025/26
Source: MAFC budget speech 2015/16 · MALF budget speech 2016/17 · MALF budget speech 2017/18 · MoA budget speech 2018/19 · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Ratios as printed in the Ministry of Agriculture budget speeches. 2025/26 is the 2024/25 harvest of 23,783,128 t against a requirement of 18,279,054 t. Values for 2018/19 to 2021/22 were not found in the speeches available online.
United Republic, million head, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT · MLF budget speech 2026/27 · World Bank WDI — FAOSTAT stocks. The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries reports 40.6 million cattle for 2025, a figure that rises by the same 1,328,246 head in each year from 2021 to 2025, starting from the 33.9 million counted in the 2019/20 census65. FAOSTAT and Ministry figures for pigs and poultry differ widely and are not shown. The World Bank livestock production index reached 187.7 in 2024 (2014–2016 = 100)66.
United Republic, thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT · MLF budget speech 2026/27 — The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries reports milk production of 4.22 billion litres and meat production of 1.10 million tonnes for 2025/26 (to April 2026).
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries data (Tanzania Mainland mandate), thousand tonnes, 2018–2025
Source: MLF fisheries statistics — Key statistics table of the fisheries and aquaculture sector. The table does not state its territory, and the Ministry's mandate covers Tanzania Mainland, so the seaweed series is not the Zanzibar figure. Zanzibar seaweed production (20,075 tonnes in 2025) is reported separately by OCGS68.
Zanzibar, thousand tonnes, 2016–2025 (OCGS)
Source: OCGS · Zanzibar MAIRNL budget speech 2023/24 — Zanzibar Statistical Abstract 2025, Tables E.3.3, F.1.4 and F.1.5. The export table header reads '000 tons' but the values are in tonnes, consistent with the production table. Clove harvests alternate between large and small seasons.
National average, TZS per 100 kg, monthly, January 2015 – August 2026
Source: FAO FPMA — FAO GIEWS FPMA Tool, nominal prices, which FAO takes from WFP VAM. September and December 2023 are missing. The maize price peaked at TZS 119,276 per 100 kg in March 2023 and was TZS 75,386 in August 2026.
HS chapters 01–24, US$ million, 2015–2025 (UN Comtrade, as reported by Tanzania)
Source: UN Comtrade · World Bank WDI — Own sums of HS chapters 01–24. Food made up 31.0% of merchandise exports in 2025 on World Bank data73. The 2018 export record in UN Comtrade is incomplete (US$850.5 million, with almost no vegetables or nuts) and is not shown. Raw cotton (HS chapter 52) is not included.
Exports by HS heading, US$ million, 2015–2025 (UN Comtrade)
Source: UN Comtrade — As reported by Tanzania. 2018 is omitted because the record is incomplete. Heading 0801 also includes coconuts and Brazil nuts, and in 2025 India (US$202.8 million) and Viet Nam (US$183.6 million) took most of it.
Agri-food exports by HS chapter, 2025, US$ million (top 10)
Source: UN Comtrade — As reported by Tanzania to UN Comtrade. Chapter 07 includes dried pulses (US$301.5 million).
Agri-food imports by HS chapter, 2025, US$ million (top 10)
Source: UN Comtrade — Cereal imports came mainly from the Russian Federation (US$177.6 million), Australia (US$98.1 million) and Zambia (US$46.4 million), and imports of fats and oils mainly from Malaysia (US$147.5 million).
World production ranks, 2024
| Product | World rank | Production (t) | Share of world (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sisal, raw | 2 | 61,216 | 26.2 |
| Cashew nuts, in shell | 3 | 528,262 | 12.5 |
| Beans, dry | 4 | 1,463,819 | 4.9 |
| Pigeon peas, dry | 4 | 224,587 | 4.8 |
| Sweet potatoes | 4 | 2,227,515 | 2.4 |
| Unmanufactured tobacco | 9 | 117,464 | 1.9 |
| Bananas | 9 | 3,269,970 | 2.3 |
| Cassava, fresh | 10 | 10,532,000 | 3.1 |
| Sesame seed | 10 | 272,670 | 4.1 |
| Maize | 15 | 10,084,000 | 0.8 |
| Coffee, green | 16 | 77,417 | 0.7 |
Source: FAOSTAT — Own calculation from FAOSTAT all-country data (release of December 2025), countries only. FAOSTAT values for sesame and some other crops are estimates, so the ranks are indicative. By stocks, Tanzania ranked 9th for cattle and 10th for goats.
Food balance by crop, production 2024/25 against requirement 2025/26
| Crop | Production 2024/25 (t) | Requirement 2025/26 (t) | Surplus or deficit (t) | Self-sufficiency (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maize | 10,925,025 | 7,386,333 | 3,538,692 | 148 |
| Sorghum | 1,029,306 | 582,045 | 447,261 | 177 |
| Rice (milled) | 2,639,969 | 1,238,367 | 1,401,602 | 213 |
| Wheat | 115,826 | 328,703 | −212,876 | 35 |
| Cereals total | 14,924,582 | 12,056,694 | 2,867,889 | 124 |
| Beans | 1,245,906 | 483,645 | 762,261 | 258 |
| Bananas (grain equivalent) | 1,413,582 | 1,148,964 | 264,618 | 123 |
| Cassava (grain equivalent) | 2,649,254 | 2,868,655 | −219,402 | 92 |
| Non-cereals total | 8,858,546 | 6,222,361 | 2,639,286 | 142 |
| All food crops | 23,783,128 | 18,279,054 | 5,504,074 | 130 |
Source: MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Tanzania Mainland, Ministry of Agriculture budget speech 2026/27, Table 1. Millet, other pulses and potatoes are included in the totals. The table layout in the PDF is partly misaligned, and non-cereal rows were checked against the published totals.
Traditional export crops by marketing year, Tanzania Mainland (Ministry of Agriculture)
| Crop (tonnes) | 2016/17 | 2020/21 | 2021/22 | 2022/23 | 2023/24 | 2024/25 | 2025/26 to Mar 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cashew (raw nuts) | 265,238 | 210,786 | 240,158 | 189,114 | 254,500 | 528,264 | 617,684 |
| Seed cotton | 121,639 | 122,836 | 144,792 | 174,486 | 282,510 | 149,361 | 222,014 |
| Coffee | 48,329 | 73,027 | 66,837 | 82,000 | 66,071 | 81,366 | 74,664 |
| Tobacco | 58,639 | 58,508 | 70,699 | 125,592 | 117,464 | 185,776 | – |
| Tea (made tea) | 26,975 | 27,510 | 24,825 | 26,754 | 13,525 | 22,772 | 11,631 |
| Sisal | 36,533 | 36,170 | 44,151 | 48,359 | 56,733 | 61,216 | 64,322 |
| Sugar | 330,843 | 367,718 | 379,280 | 460,049 | 395,293 | 431,737 | 410,979 |
Source: MoA budget speech 2018/19 · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 · TTB — Tanzania Mainland, latest value published in the Ministry of Agriculture budget speeches. Several 2024/25 values were provisional, and 2025/26 values run to March 2026 with some seasons still open. Marketing-year labels differ between sources. Tobacco for 2024/25 is the Tobacco Board's final sales figure for the 2024/25 crop season (185,776 tonnes), which the Ministry of Agriculture budget speech 2026/27 lists under 2025/26, and no tobacco figure for the 2025/26 crop season is shown56. FAOSTAT values for the United Republic are shown in the export crops chart.
Main agri-food trade partners, 2025
| Rank | Export partner | US$ m | Share (%) | Import partner | US$ m | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 509.2 | 16.1 | Russian Federation | 178.5 | 13.0 |
| 2 | Belgium | 309.8 | 9.8 | Malaysia | 147.8 | 10.8 |
| 3 | China | 258.3 | 8.2 | Kenya | 115.1 | 8.4 |
| 4 | Viet Nam | 190.5 | 6.0 | India | 99.3 | 7.2 |
| 5 | Kenya | 188.5 | 6.0 | Australia | 98.8 | 7.2 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 132.8 | 4.2 | Zambia | 81.0 | 5.9 |
| 7 | United Arab Emirates | 125.0 | 4.0 | Saudi Arabia | 73.5 | 5.4 |
| 8 | Rwanda | 118.5 | 3.8 | South Africa | 72.7 | 5.3 |
| 9 | DR Congo | 112.7 | 3.6 | Indonesia | 45.4 | 3.3 |
| 10 | Japan | 109.8 | 3.5 | United States | 30.1 | 2.2 |
Value chains & food security14 datasets
Votes 43, 05 and 24, TZS billion, fiscal years 2020/21–2025/26
Source: MoA budget speech 2021/22 (summary) · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Approved allocations as reported in the following year's budget speech, not spending. The approved 2021/22 figure was not found. Releases were 53.2% of the 2024/25 budget by April 2025 and 42.8% of the 2025/26 budget by March 2026. Vote 05 is the National Irrigation Commission and Vote 24 the Cooperative Development Commission.
Tanzania Mainland, thousand tonnes, seasons 2020/21–2025/26, to the cut-off date of each budget speech
Source: MoA budget speech 2021/22 (summary) · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Part-year figures to April (May in 2020/21 and March in 2025/26), not full-season totals. The subsidy programme for all crops started in 2022/23. Availability includes imports, domestic production and carry-over stocks.
Government subsidy, TZS billion, and farmers registered in the input subsidy system, million, 2022/23–2025/26
Source: MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Part-year values to the cut-off date of each budget speech. Registration is cumulative. In 2025/26 farmers paid TZS 929.2 billion and the government TZS 281.6 billion of the TZS 1,210.7 billion value of subsidised fertiliser.
Kilograms per hectare of arable land, 2010–2024 (World Bank, from FAO)
Source: World Bank WDI · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — The Ministry of Agriculture reports nutrient use of 19 kg per hectare in 2021/22 and 27 kg per hectare in 2025/26, against the CAADP target of 50 kg.
Thousand tonnes, to the cut-off date of each budget speech, 2014/15–2025/26
Source: MAFC budget speech 2015/16 · MALF budget speech 2016/17 · MALF budget speech 2017/18 · MoA budget speech 2018/19 · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Part-year figures reported in the Ministry of Agriculture budget speeches. NFRA does not publish its own purchase statistics83. Values for 2018/19 to 2021/22 were not found.
Value traded by commodity, 2024, TZS billion
Source: TMX — TMX overall data page. The page does not state whether years are calendar years or trading seasons. In 2024 TMX recorded 406.4 million kg of raw cashew nuts and 145.9 million kg of sesame.
Ministry of Agriculture budget, approved and released
| Fiscal year | Approved total (TZS bn) | of which development (TZS bn) | Released by | Released (TZS bn) | Share released (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020/21 | 229.8 | 150.1 | – | – | – |
| 2022/23 | 751.1 | 570.0 | April 2023 | 550.0 | 73.2 |
| 2023/24 | 970.8 | 767.8 | April 2024 | 522.2 | 53.8 |
| 2024/25 | 1,249.0 | 1,033.0 | April 2025 | 664.4 | 53.2 |
| 2025/26 | 1,193.0 | 961.7 | March 2026 | 532.5 | 42.8 |
| 2026/27 (request) | 1,106.0 | – | – | – | – |
Source: MoA budget speech 2021/22 (summary) · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 · BoT — Votes 43 (Ministry), 05 (National Irrigation Commission) and 24 (Cooperative Development Commission). Releases are part-year and not end-year outturns, which were not found. The approved 2025/26 budget of TZS 1,193.0 billion is about US$458 million at the end-June 2025 rate of 2,604.6 shillings per dollar, the rate at the start of the fiscal year (own calculation)86. The 2026/27 request of TZS 1,106.0 billion is about US$419 million at the end-August 2026 rate of 2,639.9 shillings per dollar (own calculation)12.
Fertiliser subsidy programme
| Season | Fertiliser available (t) | Domestic production (t) | Subsidised fertiliser distributed (t) | Government subsidy (TZS bn) | Farmers registered | Cut-off |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022/23 | 819,442 | 75,399 | 449,795 | – | 3,050,621 | April 2023 |
| 2023/24 | 1,052,218 | 114,223 | 471,840 | 136.5 | 3,910,556 | April 2024 |
| 2024/25 | 1,213,729 | 158,628 | 542,096 | 182.1 | 4,522,011 | April 2025 |
| 2025/26 | 1,254,203 | 150,686 | 674,686 | 281.6 | 5,433,147 | March 2026 |
Source: MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 · MoA — Tanzania Mainland, values to the cut-off date of each budget speech. The 2023/24 subsidy includes TZS 13.7 billion for 92,134.65 tonnes for tobacco. 801,776 farmers benefited in 2022/23. The Ministry's annual report for 2023/24 gives 515,848 t of subsidised fertiliser received by farmers over the full season, against 471,840 t to April 2024 in the table87. The 2026/27 speech also gives full-year availability of 1,098,990 t for 2025/26, which differs from its own March 2026 figure.
National Food Reserve Agency, purchases and sales
| Year | Purchase target (t) | Purchased (t) | Stock (t) | Cut-off | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016/17 | 100,000 | 62,099 | 86,444 | 30 Mar 2017 | Maize |
| 2022/23 | – | 18,294 | 159,870 | Apr 2023 | Maize and sorghum |
| 2023/24 | – | 294,069 | 337,673 | Apr 2024 | – |
| 2024/25 | 1,150,000 | 444,441 | 776,000 | Apr 2025 | Maize 407,727 t at TZS 700 per kg, paddy 28,511 t at TZS 900 per kg |
| 2025/26 | 1,140,000 | 135,290 | 553,077 | Mar 2026 | 95,873 t sold |
Source: MALF budget speech 2016/17 · MALF budget speech 2017/18 · MoA budget speech 2023/24 · MoA budget speech 2024/25 · MoA budget speech 2025/26 · MoA budget speech 2026/27 — Part-year values from the Ministry of Agriculture budget speeches. The 2024/25 stock of 776,000 t is the reserve reported in the 2025/26 speech, which gives the same figure for NFRA's storage capacity. In 2024/25 NFRA sold 195,000 tonnes to Zambia, 10,904 tonnes to Malawi and 35,000 tonnes to WFP for US$89.3 million78.
Tanzania Mercantile Exchange, trade by commodity
| Commodity | Year | Price range (TZS/kg) | Weight (tonnes) | Value (TZS bn) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cashew (raw nuts) | 2020 | 1,458–2,698 | 19,868 | 42.5 |
| Cashew (raw nuts) | 2024 | 1,810–4,195 | 406,433 | 1,462.3 |
| Sesame | 2020 | 1,641–2,420 | 20,068 | 37.7 |
| Sesame | 2024 | 2,222–4,850 | 145,887 | 535.7 |
| Pigeon peas | 2024 | 1,300–2,236 | 100,082 | 198.5 |
| Cocoa | 2024 | 10,190–29,595 | 9,097 | 195.6 |
| Coffee, robusta | 2024 | 3,510–6,550 | 18,575 | 101.4 |
| Chickpeas | 2024 | 1,520–2,100 | 21,508 | 42.3 |
Source: TMX — TMX overall data page, weights converted from kilograms (own calculation). The page does not state whether years are calendar years or seasons.
FYDP IV targets for agriculture, 2030/31
| Indicator | Baseline | Target 2030/31 |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture share of GDP, current prices | 26.3% (2024) | 25.6% |
| Real growth of agriculture | 4.1% (2024) | 10% |
| Food self-sufficiency ratio | 128 (2024) | 130 |
| Agricultural exports (US$ billion) | 3.54 | 5 |
| Agriculture share of merchandise export earnings | 24% (2023/24) | 30% |
| Post-harvest losses | 35% | 10% |
| Agricultural credit, % of total credit | 14.9% (2023) | 20% |
| Agriculture share of employment | 54.2% (2024) | 50% |
Source: NPC — Fourth Five-Year Development Plan 2026/27–2030/31, Table 3.4. These are targets. Baselines are as printed in the plan and some were set before the 2019 GDP revision.
Key agricultural and financial laws, dates
| Law | Act No. | Assent | Gazette | Commencement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land Act | 4 of 1999, Cap. 113 | – | – | 1 May 2001 |
| Village Land Act | 5 of 1999, Cap. 114 | – | – | 1 May 2001 |
| Seeds Act | 18 of 2003 | 30 Jan 2004 | – | By ministerial notice |
| Environmental Management Act | 20 of 2004 | 8 Feb 2005 | – | 1 Jul 2005 |
| Warehouse Receipts Act | 10 of 2005, Cap. 339 | 6 Jun 2005 | – | By ministerial notice |
| Bank of Tanzania Act | 4 of 2006, Cap. 197 | 7 Jun 2006 | 8 Jun 2006 | 1 Jul 2006 |
| Banking and Financial Institutions Act | 5 of 2006, Cap. 342 | 7 Jun 2006 | 8 Jun 2006 | – |
| Insurance Act | 10 of 2009, Cap. 394 | 12 May 2009 | 15 May 2009 | 1 Jul 2009 |
| Fertilizers Act | 9 of 2009, Cap. 378 | 12 May 2009 | not ascertained | By ministerial notice |
| Cashewnut Industry Act | 18 of 2009 | 20 Nov 2009 | 25 Dec 2009 | 1 Nov 2010 |
| Cereals and Other Produce Act | 19 of 2009 | 20 Nov 2009 | 25 Dec 2009 | By ministerial notice |
| National Irrigation Act | 5 of 2013 | 20 Oct 2013 | 31 Dec 2013 | By ministerial notice |
| Cooperative Societies Act | 6 of 2013 | 20 Oct 2013 | 31 Dec 2013 | In force |
| Warehouse Receipts (Amendment) Act | 3 of 2015 | 25 Apr 2015 | 22 May 2015 | – |
| Commodity Exchanges Act | 19 of 2015 | 4 Aug 2015 | 18 Sep 2015 | By ministerial notice |
| Microfinance Act | 10 of 2018 | 21 Nov 2018 | 23 Nov 2018 | 1 Nov 2019 |
| Plant Health Act | 4 of 2020 | 15 Jun 2020 | 19 Jun 2020 | – |
| Environmental Management (Amendment) Act | 5 of 2025 | 4 Mar 2025 | 14 Mar 2025 | – |
| Movable property security interests Bill | Bill No. 2 of 2026 | No Act recorded by 17 Oct 2026 | Bill gazetted 15 Jan 2026 | Passed 31 Aug 2026 |
| Agricultural Laws (Amendments) Bill | Bill No. 5 of 2026 | No Act recorded by 17 Oct 2026 | Bill gazetted 5 Jun 2026 | Passed 27 Aug 2026 |
Source: TanzLII · Laws.Africa · Bunge — A dash means the date was not printed in the copy consulted. For the 2026 Bills, no corresponding Act had been recorded in Parliament's register of Acts by 17 October 2026. 'By ministerial notice' means the Act commences on a date set by notice in the Gazette, and the notice was not located.
ASDP II financing plan by financier
| Financier | TZS million | US$ million | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government | 3,022,399 | 1,406 | 38 |
| Development partners, on budget | 2,927,953 | 1,362 | 37 |
| Development partners, off budget | 1,538,733 | 716 | 20 |
| Beneficiaries | 393,863 | – | 5 |
| Total | 7,882,948 | – | 100 |
Source: URT — ASDP II programme document of May 2016, Table 56. Planned amounts for a ten-year programme, including contingencies, converted to dollars by the document itself. They are not disbursements.
Selected programmes, approved or committed and disbursed
| Programme | Funder | Approved or committed (US$ m) | Disbursed or spent (US$ m) | As of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Systems Resilience Program (P179818) | World Bank | 300.00 | 160.54 | 27 May 2026 |
| FAST Growth Project (P500471) | World Bank | 150.00 | 0.00 | 17 Feb 2026 |
| Agricultural Inputs Support Project | AfDB | 133.73 | 105.35 | IATI, Oct 2026 |
| BBT Youth Agribusiness Initiative | AfDB | 123.55 | 2.08 | IATI, Oct 2026 |
| TADB Phase II | AfDB | 64.52 | 65.82 | IATI, Oct 2026 |
| Agriculture and Fisheries Development Programme | IFAD | 60.05 | 24.28 | IATI, Oct 2026 |
| Climate-Smart Dairy Transformation | IFAD | 157.23 | 14.38 | IATI, Oct 2026 |
| Food Systems Resilience, Horticulture | IFAD | 71.40 | 7.22 | IATI, Oct 2026 |
| TACATDP (FP179) | GCF | 100.00 | 64.99 | 16 Jun 2025 |
Source: WB · AfDB · IFAD · GCF — World Bank figures from implementation status reports. IATI figures are d-portal US$ conversions of commitment and spending transactions, and may differ from board-approved amounts. For TADB Phase II the IATI conversion shows spending (US$65.82 million) above the commitment (US$64.52 million). The GCF figure is an own sum of the disbursements listed on the project page.
Climate & environment12 datasets
Country average, °C, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank CCKP — World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. The CRU average was 22.36 °C in 1961–1990 and 22.86 °C in 1991–2020 (own calculation). The two datasets differ in level and are shown separately.
Country average, mm, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank CCKP — Calendar-year totals. The 1991–2020 averages are 958.7 mm (CRU) and 1,044.8 mm (ERA5), own calculations. ERA5 rainfall before about 1980 is much higher than CRU and should not be used for long-term comparisons.
Country-average rainfall in March–May and October–December, mm, 2000–2025 (ERA5)
Source: World Bank CCKP · VPO NCCRS · TMA — Own calculation from ERA5 monthly country averages. The 1991–2020 averages are 364.2 mm for March–May and 316.5 mm for October–December. The two seasons are separate rainy seasons only in the bimodal north and east, while the south, centre and west have one season from November to April or May122. October–December 2023 was 37% above average.
Change in annual mean temperature against 1995–2014, °C, CMIP6 multi-model median
Source: World Bank CCKP — 10th to 90th percentile ranges are 0.91–1.85 °C and 1.38–2.90 °C under SSP2-4.5 and 1.14–2.33 °C and 2.66–5.46 °C under SSP5-8.5.
Change against 1995–2014, mm, CMIP6 multi-model median
Source: World Bank CCKP — The model range includes both drier and wetter outcomes, for example −56.9 mm to +83.7 mm under SSP2-4.5 for 2040–2059, so the sign of the change is uncertain.
Mt CO2-equivalent, 2010–2023 (Climate Watch)
Source: Climate Watch · World Bank WDI — Modelled estimates, not the national inventory. Agriculture accounted for 62.5% of emissions excluding land use in 2023 (76.79 of 122.94 Mt, own calculation).
Mt CO2-equivalent (AR5), 2010–2023 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT — FAO Tier 1 estimates. Other sources (own calculation as the residual of the IPCC agriculture total) include manure management, synthetic fertilisers, crop residues, manure applied to soils, burning of crop residues and drained organic soils. Enteric fermentation and manure left on pasture made up 79.7% of the 2023 total (own calculation).
Mt CO2-equivalent (AR5), 2010–2023 (FAOSTAT)
Source: FAOSTAT — The agrifood system emitted 162.8 Mt in 2023, of which net forest conversion 59.2 Mt.
Million hectares, 2000–2025 (FAO)
Source: FAOSTAT · VPO NCCRS · World Bank WDI — FAOSTAT land use, based on the Forest Resources Assessment. The average net loss was 469,000 hectares a year in 2015–2025 (own calculation), close to the forest depletion rate of 469,420 hectares a year cited in the National Climate Change Response Strategy.
Projected changes in seasonal climate and extremes
| Indicator | SSP2-4.5, 2040–2059 | SSP2-4.5, 2080–2099 | SSP5-8.5, 2040–2059 | SSP5-8.5, 2080–2099 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days above 35 °C (change, days) | 6.1 | 16.2 | 11.1 | 54.5 |
| Hottest day of the year (change, °C) | 1.62 | 2.55 | 2.06 | 4.81 |
| Maximum 5-day rainfall (change, mm) | 4.9 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 12.4 |
| Consecutive dry days (change, days) | 4.0 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 10.1 |
| Rainfall March–May (change, mm) | 2.9 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 17.8 |
| Rainfall September–November (change, mm) | −9.0 | −4.7 | −6.7 | −2.5 |
Source: World Bank CCKP — CMIP6 multi-model median changes against 1995–2014, World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
Rains, floods and landslides of 2023/24
| Event and date | Reported impact | Reported by |
|---|---|---|
| Hanang mudslide, Manyara, 3 December 2023 (as of 11 December) | 89 dead in Manyara, 139 rescued with injuries, about 5,600 people evacuated | IFRC operational strategy |
| Floods, November–December 2023 (as of 11 December) | 9,107 households displaced, of which 6,202 lost their houses | IFRC operational strategy |
| Rains and floods since January 2024 (Prime Minister, 25 April 2024) | 155 dead, 236 injured, about 200,000 people and 51,000 households affected | IFRC revised appeal |
| Pwani and Morogoro regions, 2024 | 76,700 hectares of farmland flooded, 10,800 households displaced | IFRC revised appeal |
Source: OCHA (ReliefWeb) · IFRC (on ReliefWeb) — Figures changed as updates were issued and are dated. The Prime Minister's statement is cited as reported by the IFRC, and the original was not available.
Climate commitments and plans
| Instrument | Date | Key content |
|---|---|---|
| Updated NDC | 30 July 2021 | 30–35% below business as usual by 2030 (about 138–153 Mt CO2e), implementation subject to international support, budget US$19.23 billion |
| National Climate Change Response Strategy | 2021–2026 | Indicative budget TZS 326.5 billion, food production projected to fall by 8–13% by 2050 |
| Carbon trading regulations | 28 October 2022 | 61% of gross carbon revenue from land-based projects to the managing authority (regulations as made, before the 2023 amendment) |
| Environmental Management (Amendment) Act | Assent 4 March 2025 | Adds climate change and creates a National Carbon Monitoring Centre |
| National Adaptation Plan | November 2025 | 36 programmes, US$37 billion, of which US$6.1 billion for Mainland agriculture |
Source: VPO / FAOLEX copy · VPO NCCRS · GN 636 of 2022 · Bunge · VPO NAP — No third NDC had been located in October 2026.
Agricultural finance18 datasets
Commercial bank lending to agriculture, hunting and forestry, TZS billion, end of year 2010–2025 and June 2026
Source: BoT QEB · BoT QSB — Bank of Tanzania, commercial banks' domestic lending by economic activity (monetary statistics, not the supervisory series). Each year is taken from the latest edition that covers it. Values for 2010–2012 come from the Quarterly Economic Bulletin of December 2014, 2013–2017 from that of December 2017, 2018–2020 from the Quarterly Statistical Bulletin of December 2023, and 2021 to June 2026 from that of June 2026, where 2022 is the December 2022 quarterly row. Editions revise earlier years, so the joins in 2013, 2018 and 2021 are breaks in the series. Where two editions overlap, the December 2017 bulletin revised 2013 from TZS 1,027.2 billion to 982.2 billion and 2014 from 1,110.6 billion to 1,085.6 billion, and the 2021–2022 values are the same in the 2023 and 2026 bulletins. The rise from 2018 to 2019 is as printed.
Commercial bank lending to agriculture, hunting and forestry, converted at the end-of-period rate, US$ million, 2010–2025 and June 2026
Source: BoT QSB · BoT QEB · IMF · BoT — Own conversion of the shilling stock at the IMF end-of-period TZS/USD rate for 2010–2024 and at the Bank of Tanzania end-of-month rate for end-2025 (2,447.5, Table A10) and end-June 2026 (2,623.5, Table A10), as the IMF had not published these periods. The IMF rates used are 1,453.54 (2010), 1,566.66 (2011), 1,571.62 (2012), 1,578.57 (2013), 1,725.78 (2014), 2,148.52 (2015), 2,172.62 (2016), 2,230.07 (2017), 2,281.23 (2018), 2,287.93 (2019), 2,298.46 (2020), 2,297.61 (2021), 2,308.90 (2022), 2,506.03 (2023) and 2,394.76 (2024).
End-of-period rate, 2010–2025, and end-June 2026
Annual % change in bank credit, selected activities, August 2025 – August 2026
Source: BoT MER — Bank of Tanzania Monthly Economic Review, September 2026, Table 2.2.2, as published.
Gross non-performing loans, % of gross loans, December 2011–2025 and August 2026
Source: BoT BSR · BoT MPR · BoT FSR · World Bank WDI — Banking Supervision Annual Reports, financial soundness indicators. The Financial Stability Report of December 2025 gives 3.3% for 2024148. The Bank of Tanzania does not publish a non-performing loan ratio for agriculture in its tables.
Discount rate and Central Bank Rate, %, December 2010–2025 and August 2026
Shilling loans, %, December 2010–2025 and August 2026
Source: BoT · BoT MER · World Bank WDI — Bank of Tanzania monthly interest rate statistics, revised series. The January 2011 Monthly Economic Review printed 13.45% for the overall rate in December 2010156. No lending rate for agriculture is published.
Claims of banks on the private sector, TZS billion, December 2010–2025 and August 2026
Source: BoT · BoT MER · World Bank WDI — Depository corporations survey, claims on the non-central government sector, which the Bank of Tanzania reports as credit to the private sector. Domestic credit to the private sector was 18.4% of GDP in 2025 on World Bank data.
Loans and advances to customers and staff and total assets, TZS billion, 31 December 2017–2024
Source: TADB AR · TADB IAR · TADB — Audited statements of financial position, using the comparatives of the later report where available. The fall in the loan stock from 2018 to 2019 is as published and is not explained in the reports. The 2025 statements had not been published in readable form by October 2026.
% of adults aged 15 and over, Global Findex 2011–2024
Agricultural credit at a glance
| Indicator | Value | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Commercial bank lending to agriculture, hunting and forestry | TZS 7,292.0 billion (about US$2.78 billion) | June 2026 |
| Share of commercial bank domestic lending | 13.7% | June 2026 |
| Annual growth of bank credit to agriculture | 38.4% | August 2026 |
| Non-performing loans, all banks | 2.5% | August 2026 |
| Central Bank Rate | 6.25% | from July 2026 |
| Overall lending rate | 15.05% | August 2026 |
| Bank credit to smallholder farmers and fishers | TZS 467 billion, 97,273 accounts | December 2025 |
| TADB loans and advances to customers and staff | TZS 534.16 billion | December 2024 |
| Agricultural insurance gross written premium | TZS 7.83 billion | 2024 |
| Agricultural households that borrowed for agriculture | 3.8% | 2019/20 |
Central Bank Rate decisions, 2024–2026
| Statement date | Decision | CBR (%) | Applies to |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19 Jan 2024 | First Central Bank Rate set | 5.50 | Q1 2024 |
| 4 Apr 2024 | Raised | 6.00 | Q2 2024 |
| 4 Jul 2024 | Unchanged | 6.00 | Q3 2024 |
| 3 Oct 2024 | Unchanged | 6.00 | Q4 2024 |
| 8 Jan 2025 | Unchanged | 6.00 | Q1 2025 |
| 4 Apr 2025 | Unchanged | 6.00 | Q2 2025 |
| 3 Jul 2025 | Cut by 25 basis points | 5.75 | Q3 2025 |
| 2 Oct 2025 | Unchanged | 5.75 | Q4 2025 |
| 8 Jan 2026 | Unchanged | 5.75 | Q1 2026 |
| 2 Apr 2026 | Unchanged, corridor narrowed to ±150 basis points | 5.75 | Q2 2026 |
| 3 Jul 2026 | Raised | 6.25 | Q3 2026 |
| 8 Oct 2026 | Unchanged | 6.25 | Q4 2026 |
Bank of Tanzania measures relevant to agricultural lending
| Date | Measure |
|---|---|
| 12 May 2020 | Discount rate cut from 7.0% to 5.0% |
| 8 Jun 2020 | Statutory minimum reserve ratio cut from 7.0% to 6.0% |
| 27 Jul 2021 | TZS 1.0 trillion special loan facility to banks at 3% for on-lending to the private sector at no more than 10% |
| 27 Jul 2021 | Reduction of the statutory minimum reserve equal to loans extended to agriculture at no more than 10% |
| Q3 2025 | Banks drew TZS 138 billion from the special loan facility and TZS 4.1 billion of reserve relief for agricultural lending |
| Jan 2025 | Guidelines on climate-related financial risks management and disclosures |
Tanzania Agricultural Development Bank, key figures
| Year (31 Dec) | Loans and advances to customers and staff (TZS bn) | Total assets (TZS bn) | Share capital (TZS bn) | Lending in the year (TZS bn, as reported) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 102.3 | 329.5 | 60.0 | – |
| 2020 | 120.8 | 376.9 | 60.0 | – |
| 2021 | 152.0 | 362.9 | 268.2 | 122.3 |
| 2022 | 263.8 | 447.8 | 268.2 | 109.0 direct, 60.7 through the guarantee scheme |
| 2023 | 330.8 | 606.9 | 268.2 | 161.6 |
| 2024 | 534.2 | 917.4 | 442.4 | 286.4 direct lending |
Source: TADB IAR · TADB AR · TADB · MoF — Audited statements. Definitions of annual lending vary between reports. The 2024 report also describes TZS 534.16 billion as gross loan disbursements, a figure equal to the year-end loan stock. TADB's total assets were TZS 1,293.7 billion at the end of 2025 on its regulatory disclosure.
Central government budget allocations to agriculture
| Fiscal year | Agriculture sector | Fertiliser subsidy | Irrigation | Other items |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022/23 | TZS 1.2 trillion | TZS 100.6 billion | TZS 300.0 billion (25 new schemes) | – |
| 2023/24 | printed as TZS 1.47 billion | TZS 130 billion | TZS 262.3 billion and TZS 61.9 billion for design | BBT TZS 14.2 billion |
| 2024/25 | TZS 1.93 trillion | TZS 230.0 billion | TZS 20.5 billion for 22 basins and TZS 92.9 billion for dams | AGITF lending TZS 10.0 billion, BBT TZS 28.5 billion |
| 2026/27 | TZS 2,135.7 billion (functional table) | – | – | Total budget TZS 62,334.2 billion |
Source: MoF · BoT — Citizens' budget editions, allocations rather than spending, sector definitions as printed (including livestock and fisheries). The 2025/26 sector total was not printed in the budget speech. The 2026/27 allocation is about US$809 million at the end-August 2026 rate of 2,639.9 shillings per dollar (own calculation)12.
Financial inclusion and smallholder credit
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Adults formally included (FinScope, 16+) | 76% | 2023 |
| Adults formally included (FinScope, 16+) | 65% | 2017 |
| Adults with a bank account (FinScope) | 22.2% | 2023 |
| Adults with an account (Global Findex, 15+) | 59.8% | 2024 |
| Adults who borrowed from a formal institution (Global Findex) | 4.9% | 2024 |
| Bank credit to smallholder farmers and fishers | TZS 467 billion, 97,273 accounts | Dec 2025 |
| Bank credit to smallholder farmers and fishers | TZS 338 billion, 35,600 accounts | Dec 2024 |
| SACCO credit, Mainland | TZS 1,310.2 billion | Dec 2025 |
| Adults with records in the credit reference system | 8.89 million | Dec 2025 |
Source: FinScope · FSDT · Global Findex · BoT AFIR · NCFI · TCDC — The Annual Financial Inclusion Report prints the same amount of bank credit to smallholder farmers and fishers, TZS 338 billion, for December 2023 (33,720 accounts) and December 2024 (35,600 accounts), and this figure should be read with caution. The report also gives the same values for SACCO credit and SACCO savings in 2024 and 2025, which suggests a table error, and the SACCO figure should be read with caution.
Agricultural insurance
| Indicator | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Gross written premium, all insurance (TZS bn) | 1,240.8 | 1,516.0 |
| Gross written premium, general insurance (TZS bn) | 789.2 | 957.2 |
| Agricultural insurance premium (TZS m) | 6,693 | 7,834 |
| Agricultural insurance claims incurred (TZS m) | 151 | 966 |
| Agricultural insurance claims settled (TZS m) | 178 | 2,046 |
| Insurance penetration (% of GDP) | 2.01 | 2.08 |
Source: TIRA — TIRA Annual Insurance Market Performance Report 2024. Agricultural premiums in 2024 were TZS 4.3 billion for index insurance, TZS 3.1 billion for crop insurance and TZS 0.37 billion for livestock insurance, written by 10 of 30 general insurers. Penetration includes the public social security schemes and is not comparable with the commercial-only ratio of 0.53% for 2018202. In 2021 commercial insurance was 0.58% of GDP and the public schemes 1.1%201.
Sustainable finance6 datasets
GCF financing approved, US$ million, selected projects covering Tanzania
Source: GCF — Approved amounts, not disbursements. FP220 and FP269 cover Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, and their totals are not split by country. 65% of FP179 financing had been disbursed in October 2026.
Amount raised, TZS billion
Source: BII / AVCA · LuxSE · CMSA · Joint press release — Amounts as published by the issuers, exchanges and partners. The Kijani Bond was oversubscribed 429% according to the Luxembourg Stock Exchange (430% in the CMSA annual report).
National Adaptation Plan 2025–2035, cost estimates by sector, US$ billion
Source: VPO NAP — Needs, not funded amounts. The plan costs 36 programmes at US$37 billion in total, of which US$28 billion for the Mainland and US$8.6 billion for Zanzibar.
Green Climate Fund projects covering Tanzania
| Project | Accredited entity | Approved | GCF financing (US$ m) | Disbursed (% of GCF financing) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP179 Agriculture Climate Adaptation Technology Deployment Programme | CRDB Bank | 7 Oct 2021 | 100.0 | 65 |
| FP041 Simiyu Climate Resilient Project | KfW | 6 Apr 2017 | 115.0 | 60 |
| FP218 Climate resilience in Kigoma landscapes | UNEP | 25 Oct 2023 | 19.0 | 7 |
| FP220 Rural adaptation finance mechanism, East Africa (4 countries) | IFAD | 25 Oct 2023 | 55.0 | – |
| FP269 Dairy interventions for mitigation and adaptation (4 countries) | IFAD | 3 Jul 2025 | 150.0 | 6 |
Source: GCF — The GCF country page listed 12 projects with US$358 million of GCF financing for Tanzania in October 2026, including Tanzania's share of multi-country projects. FP179 combines a US$70 million loan, a US$10 million guarantee and a US$20 million grant.
Green and sustainability bonds
| Bond | Issuer | Type | Amount | Dates and listing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kijani Bond | CRDB Bank | Green, first tranche of a US$300 million programme | TZS 171.8 billion, coupon 10.25% | Offer 31 Aug–6 Oct 2023, DSE, Luxembourg Stock Exchange from 30 Jun 2025 |
| Jamii Bond | NMB Bank | Sustainability, shilling and dollar tranches | TZS 400 billion | DSE, date not shown in the source |
| Water Infrastructure Green Bond | Tanga UWASA | Green, subnational | TZS 53.12 billion | Launched 22 Feb 2024, listed on DSE 15 May 2024 |
Source: LuxSE · FSD Africa · CMSA · BII / AVCA · Joint press release — Amounts as published by the exchanges, issuers and partners. IFC stated at the 2023 launch that it intended to invest in the Kijani programme, and no confirmed IFC amount was found.
Revenue sharing for land-based carbon projects, GN No. 636 of 2022 as made (before the 2023 amendment)
| Recipient | Share of gross revenue from certified emission reductions |
|---|---|
| Managing authority | 61% |
| of which village government or mtaa | 51 of the 61 points |
| of which council, where the managing authority is under the council | 10 of the 61 points |
| Remaining with the project proponent | 39% |
| of which paid by the proponent to the designated national authority | 9 of the 39 points |
Source: GN 636 of 2022 — GN No. 636 of 28 October 2022, shares as made. GN No. 721 of 2023 amended these Regulations, and its official text was not available, so the shares in force may differ.
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