Mongolian agricultural policy is set by parliament resolutions and Government programmes under the Vision-2050 long-term policy. Since 2022 the 'Food Supply and Security' movement, the 'New Cooperative Movement' and the Atar-4 crop campaign have provided concessional credit. Pasture remains state property without a separate pasture law, and herders are insured through a 2014 law on index-based livestock insurance. Many laws were amended in a large package in June and July 2026.
Each entry is linked to its official legal text. Acts link to the Unified Legal Information System (legalinfo.mn), in Mongolian. Dates, numbers and status (listed as valid) were checked on 16 October 2026. 'Last amended' is the latest date found in the amendment notes of the consolidated text. Mongolian laws carry no running number, while parliament and Government resolutions do.
Milestones in agricultural and agri-finance policy
'Food Supply and Security' national movement (MNT 1.7 trillion of financing)17Finance
Apr 2024
'New Cooperative Movement' and law on climate impacts on animal husbandry1819Finance
Jan 2025
Atar-4 crop campaign and Organic Products Law in force2021Strategy
Dec 2025
Index-based insurance law amended (thresholds of 5% and 30%)11Finance
Jul 2026
Law on Climate Change and amendments to land, banking and insurance laws22223Law
8.1
Strategy and targets
Vision-2050, approved by parliament in May 2020, is the long-term development policy, and five-year guidelines for 2021–2025 and 2026–2030 set the medium-term priorities152425. The New Recovery Policy of December 2021 added a chapter on urban and rural recovery26. The parliament-level State Policy on Food and Agriculture dates from 2003 and the State Policy on Herders from 200956. The ministry responsible is the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry, confirmed in the 2024 law on the structure of the Government27.
The Government Action Programme 2024–2028 sets the current agricultural agenda. It commits to the New Cooperative Movement, better weather-risk agricultural insurance, the Atar IV campaign adding 200,000 ha of cropland, a 'White Gold' movement for livestock raw materials, exports through the commodity exchange, a machinery leasing system, long-term tenure of herders' winter and spring camps and an annual 100,000-tonne strategic wheat reserve28. The 2022 'Food Supply and Security' movement targets up to 200,000 ha of new cropland, 1.9 million tonnes of domestic feed and up to 270 ha of greenhouses17.
Pasture is state property and is used in common. The Land Law of 2002 excludes pasture from ownership and provides for its allocation to groups of herder households under use contracts, and a separate pasture law has not been enacted2. Herders pay no land fee for pasture but have paid a livestock head tax since 20212916. Cropland is held under possession licences that can be pledged to Mongolian lenders, and citizens may own small family plots that can be pledged to banks and non-bank lenders23. For lenders, the 2015 pledge law allows livestock and harvests to be pledged through an electronic registry and gives priority to lenders that financed feed or veterinary care30. The Crop Farming Law of 2016 allows cash incentives to crop producers, and the 2017 laws on livestock genetic resources and on animal health govern breeding and veterinary services121314.
8.3
Core agriculture, land and water laws
Law on Land (revised)Law7 Jun 2002 (in force 1 Jan 2003), last amended 3 Jul 2026
Газрын тухай
Governs the possession and use of state land. Land may be possessed for 15 to 60 years with one extension of up to 40 years. Possession rights may be transferred or pledged only between Mongolian parties, and the pledge is recorded with the land office. Pasture cannot be owned. It is allocated to groups of herder households under use contracts, while cropland is allocated by the soum governor.
Law on Land Ownership by Mongolian CitizensLaw27 Jun 2002 (in force 1 May 2003), last amended 12 Jan 2024
Монгол Улсын иргэнд газар өмчлүүлэх тухай
Gives each citizen a one-time free plot for family use of up to 0.07, 0.35 or 0.5 ha depending on location, with the free allocation running until 1 May 2028. Owners may pledge their land to banks and non-bank financial institutions. Transfer or pledge of land to foreigners is prohibited.
Law on Land FeesLaw24 Apr 1997, last amended 5 Jun 2024
Газрын төлбөрийн тухай
Sets annual fees for the possession and use of state land. Pasture fees are levied per sheep unit within 0.01–0.03% of the base land value, and the same band applies per ha of cropland and hayland. Herder households are exempt for pasture and hayland, and plots sown to perennial or leguminous crops are exempt for up to five years.
Law on Crop Farming (revised)Law29 Jan 2016, last amended 2 Jul 2026
Тариалангийн тухай
Regulates cropping zones, the use of cropland, soil protection and integrated crop-livestock production. Producers may receive cash and non-cash incentives under a joint procedure of the agriculture and finance ministers, based on criteria such as technology upgrades, soil fertility and grain quality. Crop insurance is left to separate legislation.
Law on Livestock Genetic ResourcesLaw14 Dec 2017 (in force 1 Jun 2018), last amended 3 Jul 2026
Малын генетик нөөцийн тухай
Regulates the registration, conservation, breeding and sustainable use of livestock genetic resources and gene banks. Its livestock registry also provides the base for the livestock head tax.
Law on Livestock Head TaxLaw13 Nov 2020 (in force 1 Jan 2021), last amended 5 Jun 2024
Малын тоо толгойн албан татварын тухай
Levies an annual tax of MNT 0–2,000 per head on livestock owners. Soum and district councils set the rates by species with regard to pasture carrying capacity and may set a zero rate for herders below a certain herd size. Animals lost in disasters are deducted, and the tax is paid in two instalments into the soum budget.
Law on Reducing the Adverse Impacts of Climate Change on Traditional Animal HusbandryLaw19 Apr 2024
Уламжлалт мал аж ахуйд тулгамдаж байгаа уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтөөс шалтгаалсан сөрөг нөлөөллийг бууруулах тухай
Provides a legal basis for supporting herder cooperatives, climate-resilient livestock production and pasture management. It is the legal basis of the New Cooperative Movement adopted by the Government in April 2024.
Law on Cooperatives (revised)Law6 May 2021, last amended 5 Jun 2024
Хоршооны тухай
Governs all cooperatives except savings and credit cooperatives, which have their own law. Cooperatives may take part in state programmes and receive concessional loans, including from a Cooperative Development Fund.
Law on Organic ProductsLaw17 Jan 2024 (in force 1 Jan 2025)
Органик бүтээгдэхүүний тухай
Covers the production, certification (including participatory guarantee systems), labelling and trade of organic products and state support for organic producers. It replaced the Law on Organic Food of 2016.
Law on Environmental ProtectionLaw30 Mar 1995, last amended 3 Jul 2026
Байгаль орчныг хамгаалах тухай
The general framework for environmental protection, amended many times, most recently in the July 2026 package that accompanied the new Law on Climate Change.
Law on Livestock and Animal HealthLaw8 Dec 2017 (in force 1 Jun 2018), last amended 5 Jun 2024
Мал, амьтны эрүүл мэндийн тухай
Regulates the prevention of animal diseases, the hygiene of products of animal origin and trade facilitation. Veterinary services are delivered at soum level through contracted private veterinary units, and moving animals between soums requires a veterinary certificate.
Law on Plant Health and Plant ProtectionLaw5 Jun 2024, last amended 3 Jul 2026
Ургамлын эрүүл мэнд, ургамал хамгааллын тухай
Replaces the earlier plant protection law with a risk-based system for quarantine and regulated pests, to protect plant health for food safety and trade. A new Plant Protection Agency was set up under the ministry.
Law on Index-based Livestock InsuranceLaw13 Jun 2014, last amended 12 Dec 2025
Малын индексжүүлсэн даатгалын тухай
Establishes voluntary insurance for herders that pays out when adult livestock mortality in the soum exceeds thresholds set by the Government, rather than on individual losses. The current text sets the first threshold at 5% and the second at 30%, to be reviewed every three years. Herders pay the premium for the middle layer of risk. Losses above the second threshold are borne by a state-owned reinsurance company, whose premium the Government budgets and places with international reinsurers.
Law on Insurance (revised)Law30 Apr 2004 (in force 1 Jun 2005), last amended 3 Jul 2026
Даатгалын тухай
The general framework for the licensing, supervision and conduct of insurers under the Financial Regulatory Commission. Index-based livestock insurance is governed by its own law.
Law on the Central Bank (Bank of Mongolia)Law3 Sep 1996, last amended 19 Apr 2024
Төв банк (Монголбанк)-ны тухай
Sets the Bank of Mongolia's main objective as the stability of the togrog and, within it, the stability of the financial markets and the banking system.
Law on Non-Bank Financial ActivitiesLaw12 Dec 2002 (in force 1 Feb 2003), last amended 3 Jul 2026
Банк бус санхүүгийн үйл ажиллагааны тухай
Non-bank financial institutions licensed by the Financial Regulatory Commission may lend, provide factoring and guarantees, issue payment instruments and offer electronic payment, foreign-exchange and trust services.
Law on Savings and Credit CooperativesLaw27 Oct 2011, last amended 3 Jul 2026
Хадгаламж, зээлийн хоршооны тухай
Savings and credit cooperatives require a licence from the Financial Regulatory Commission, which may cap members' deposits and set prudential lending limits.
Law on the Credit Guarantee FundLaw10 Feb 2012, last amended 19 Apr 2024
Зээлийн батлан даалтын сангийн тухай
Establishes a non-profit fund that guarantees up to 60% of loans to small and medium enterprises that lack collateral. Under the 2024 New Cooperative Movement it also guarantees loans to cooperative member herders.
Allows pledges over livestock, harvests and other movable property, registered through notices in an electronic registry. A lender that financed the feed or veterinary treatment of livestock has a priority claim on those animals and their proceeds.
Law on the Exchange for Agricultural Goods and Raw MaterialsLaw2 Jun 2011 (in force 1 Jun 2012), last amended 3 Jul 2026
Хөдөө аж ахуйн гаралтай бараа, түүхий эдийн биржийн тухай
Establishes the agricultural commodity exchange, with cooperatives and brokers as participants and electronic trading for domestic participants. Goods on a list set by the Government must be traded on the exchange before export. The Financial Regulatory Commission supervises the exchange and its brokers.
Law on Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises and Services (revised)Law6 Jun 2019, last amended 30 May 2025
Жижиг, дунд үйлдвэр, үйлчилгээг дэмжих тухай
Defines micro, small and medium enterprises by staff numbers and sales, which determines eligibility for loans from the SME Development Fund and for credit guarantees.
'Mongolian Livestock' National ProgrammeParliament Resolution No. 2320 May 2010
"Монгол мал" үндэсний хөтөлбөр
Set a first stage for 2010–2015 and created state veterinary and breeding units at soum level. Its clause requiring at least 3% of the consolidated budget was repealed in December 2011.
Vision-2050 Long-term Development PolicyParliament Resolution No. 5213 May 2020
"Алсын хараа-2050" Монгол Улсын урт хугацааны хөгжлийн бодлого
The long-term development policy, with actions and indicators for 2021–2030 in annexes. The five-year development guidelines for 2021–2025 and 2026–2030 set the medium-term priorities under it.
New Recovery PolicyParliament Resolution No. 10630 Dec 2021 (effective 1 Jan 2022)
Шинэ сэргэлтийн бодлого
Addresses recovery from COVID-19 and the delivery of Vision-2050. Its chapter on urban and rural recovery underpins the later cooperative and herder programmes.
Launched a national movement and directs the Government to arrange MNT 1.7 trillion of financing for 2022–2026 through interest subsidies, guarantees and external loans. It targets up to 200,000 ha of new cropland, 1.9 million tonnes of domestic feed, up to 270 ha of greenhouses, 20,000 tonnes of added elevator capacity and annual strategic purchases of at least 100,000 tonnes of food wheat.
Resolution on measures to support wool and cashmere productionParliament Resolution No. 195 May 2022
Requires technical regulation for processed cashmere from 2023, tax exemptions for processing equipment, annual concessional loans for processors and quality-based cash incentives to herders for yak down and fine wool.
Approves a MNT 5 trillion plan. The Government pays the interest above 6 percentage points on loans of up to five years to cooperative member herders issued until 2029, with interest support budgeted for 2025–2033 and guarantees from the Credit Guarantee Fund.
Government Action Programme 2024–2028Parliament Resolution No. 2127 Aug 2024 (annex amended Jan 2025)
Its agriculture section commits to the New Cooperative Movement, better weather-risk agricultural insurance, the Atar IV campaign adding 200,000 ha of cropland, the 'White Gold' movement for livestock raw materials, exports through the commodity exchange, a machinery leasing system, long-term tenure of herders' winter and spring camps and an annual 100,000-tonne strategic wheat reserve.
Atar-4 Sustainable Crop Development CampaignGovernment Resolution No. 4729 Jan 2025
"Атар-4 тариалангийн тогтвортой хөгжлийн аян"
Runs for four years from 1 February 2025. It provides concessional loans from commercial bank funds to crop, livestock and food-processing producers, with Government interest support capped at the Bank of Mongolia policy rate within the annual budget.
Law on the Structure of the GovernmentLaw10 Jul 2024
Засгийн газрын бүтцийн тухай
Lists 16 ministries, including the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry, and created the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and the Ministry of Economy and Development.
Commits to reducing emissions by 30.3% against business-as-usual by 2035, or 46.3% with the forest sink. The previous NDC targeted 22.7% by 2030. NDC 3.0 includes adaptation targets for animal husbandry and pastureland, such as long-term pasture use contracts for herder household associations, and puts financing needs at US$14.84 billion.
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