Zambia agriculture: Production, trade & prices

3.1

Maize

The Crop Forecast Survey estimated maize production between 2.0 and 3.7 million tonnes in every season from 2010/11 to 2024/25 except the drought season 2023/24¹²³⁴. In 2023/24 farmers planted 2.21 million hectares, but only 684,402 hectares were expected to be harvested and production fell by 53.7% to 1.51 million tonnes⁵. The post-harvest survey later measured 1.46 million tonnes⁶. The 2024/25 harvest recovered to 3.87 million tonnes on post-harvest data, and the forecast for 2025/26 is 4.94 million tonnes on 2.36 million hectares planted, of which 4.66 million tonnes from small and medium-scale farms⁷.

The area planted to maize rose by 74% between 2010/11 and 2025/26, while yields per harvested hectare stayed between 2.2 and 2.8 tonnes¹⁷. The survey prints a yield of 4.62 tonnes per hectare planted for large-scale farms in 2025/26⁷. Production growth reflects mainly the larger area, as yields per harvested hectare changed little.

Maize harvest by farm category

Expected production, Crop Forecast Survey, thousand tonnes, 2010/11–2025/26

Season	Small and medium-scale farms (thousand t)	Large-scale farms (thousand t)
2010/11	2,787.2	233.1
2011/12	2,710.4	142.3
2012/13	2,386.8	146
2013/14	3,103.5	247.2
2014/15	2,437.4	180.8
2015/16	2,709.9	–
2016/17	3,395.6	211
2017/18	2,290.1	104.8
2018/19	1,893.8	110.5
2019/20	3,160.2	227.3
2020/21	–	–
2021/22	2,593.1	113.1
2022/23	3,121.4	140.3
2023/24	1,252.5	258.6
2024/25	3,403.9	251.8
2025/26	4,655.2	282.4

Source: ZamStats / MoA — The 2020/21 workbook gives only the national total (3,620.1 thousand tonnes) and the 2015/16 workbook has no large-scale sheet (total 2,873.1 thousand tonnes). Post-harvest measurements differ from the forecasts, at 1,460.1 thousand tonnes for 2023/24 and 3,865.0 thousand tonnes for 2024/25.

Maize area planted and harvested

Crop Forecast Survey, thousand ha, 2010/11–2025/26

Season	Area planted (thousand ha)	Area expected to be harvested (thousand ha)
2010/11	1,355.8	1,101.8
2011/12	1,275	1,074.7
2012/13	1,312.4	997.9
2013/14	1,419.3	1,205.2
2014/15	1,494.5	963.8
2015/16	1,365	1,157.8
2016/17	1,644.7	1,433.9
2017/18	1,392.5	1,086
2018/19	1,557.3	841.7
2019/20	1,634.9	1,333.5
2020/21	1,687.9	1,410.2
2021/22	1,507.4	1,115.5
2022/23	1,896.5	1,418.4
2023/24	2,209.2	684.4
2024/25	2,172.3	1,690.8
2025/26	2,361.4	1,962.1

Source: ZamStats / MoA — In 2023/24 only 684.4 thousand of the 2,209.2 thousand hectares planted were expected to be harvested. The 2020/21 area is from the comparison sheet of the 2021/22 workbook.

Maize yield

Expected production per hectare harvested, tonnes per ha, 2010/11–2025/26

Season	Yield (t/ha)
2010/11	2.74
2011/12	2.65
2012/13	2.54
2013/14	2.78
2014/15	2.72
2015/16	2.48
2016/17	2.52
2017/18	2.21
2018/19	2.38
2019/20	2.54
2020/21	2.57
2021/22	2.43
2022/23	2.3
2023/24	2.21
2024/25	2.16
2025/26	2.52

Source: ZamStats / MoA · World Bank WDI — Own calculation (production divided by area expected to be harvested), because the printed yields switch between per-area-planted and per-area-harvested bases across seasons. The World Bank's cereal yield for Zambia was 2.32 tonnes per hectare in 2024.

3.2

Other crops

Soybean production rose from 117,000 tonnes in 2010/11 to 760,000 tonnes in 2022/23 and a forecast of 453,000 tonnes for 2025/26¹¹⁷⁷. Groundnuts, sunflower and mixed beans are smallholder cash and food crops. Wheat is irrigated and grown on large farms in the dry season, and its forecast fell from 277,000 tonnes in 2022/23 to 82,000 tonnes in 2025/26¹⁷⁷. Seed cotton fell from 270,000 tonnes in 2011/12 to 9,072 tonnes in 2023/24 and a forecast of 1,930 tonnes for 2025/26⁸⁵⁷. The survey forecasts 3.3 million tonnes of fresh cassava roots for 2025/26⁷. Sugar cane production, which the survey does not cover, reached 4.9 million tonnes in 2024¹⁹.

Soybeans, groundnuts, sunflower and beans

Expected production, Crop Forecast Survey, thousand tonnes, 2010/11–2025/26

Season	Soybeans (thousand t)	Groundnuts (thousand t)	Sunflower (thousand t)	Mixed beans (thousand t)
2010/11	116.5	139.4	22	47.1
2011/12	203	113	20.5	55.3
2012/13	261.1	106.8	33.7	56.4
2013/14	214.2	143.6	34.3	61.7
2014/15	226.3	111.4	34.7	50.4
2015/16	267.5	131.6	61.1	45.4
2016/17	351.4	168.7	50.2	45.9
2017/18	302.7	181.8	47.6	52.4
2018/19	281.4	130.8	34.2	58.7
2019/20	296.9	127.2	50.5	49.2
2020/21	411.1	175.3	79.8	54.7
2021/22	475.4	190.1	80.2	60.3
2022/23	760.1	235.4	91.6	88.1
2023/24	169.7	87.7	44.1	38.9
2024/25	288.8	101.9	115	38.4
2025/26	453.3	149.9	70.6	50.5

Source: ZamStats / MoA — Own rounding of the tonnes printed in each workbook. Soybeans reached a peak of 760.1 thousand tonnes in 2022/23, before the drought season.

Wheat, rice, millet and sorghum

Expected production, Crop Forecast Survey, thousand tonnes, 2010/11–2025/26

Season	Wheat (irrigated) (thousand t)	Rice (paddy) (thousand t)	Millet (thousand t)	Sorghum (thousand t)
2010/11	237.3	49.4	37.6	18.5
2011/12	253.5	45.3	28.4	15.4
2012/13	273.6	44.7	23.9	15
2013/14	201.5	49.6	30.5	11.6
2014/15	214.2	25.5	32	8.1
2015/16	159.5	26.7	30	14.1
2016/17	193.7	38.4	32.6	17.3
2017/18	114.5	43.1	32.3	13.1
2018/19	151.9	29.6	24.8	6.7
2019/20	191.6	34.6	45	20
2020/21	205.9	65.9	34.7	18.4
2021/22	234.9	62.3	24.2	14.8
2022/23	277.5	62.7	46.8	6.8
2023/24	198.9	24.6	15.4	2.9
2024/25	129.5	39.5	24.1	13.8
2025/26	81.8	71.9	23.6	14

Source: ZamStats / MoA — Wheat is grown under irrigation in the dry season, almost entirely on large-scale farms, so its production does not follow the rainfall of the main season.

Cotton and tobacco

Expected production, Crop Forecast Survey, thousand tonnes, 2010/11–2025/26

Season	Seed cotton (thousand t)	Virginia tobacco (thousand t)	Burley tobacco (thousand t)
2010/11	121.9	27.1	11.1
2011/12	269.5	24.3	7.1
2012/13	139.6	21.2	8.7
2013/14	120.3	26.1	9.6
2014/15	103.9	19.8	6.1
2015/16	111.9	12.5	6.5
2016/17	89.3	12.1	8.4
2017/18	88.2	13.4	11.5
2018/19	72.5	12.8	9.2
2019/20	41.4	12	3.9
2020/21	31.9	15.8	9.6
2021/22	22.8	16.4	6.7
2022/23	56	28.9	3.5
2023/24	9.1	14.2	6.6
2024/25	–	–	–
2025/26	1.9	–	–

Source: ZamStats / MoA — The 2024/25 workbook omits cotton and tobacco and the 2025/26 workbook omits tobacco. The 2025 post-harvest survey put 2024/25 seed cotton at 6,979 tonnes.

Cassava

Cassava root production, Crop Forecast Survey, thousand tonnes, 2010/11–2025/26

Season	Cassava (fresh roots) (thousand t)
2010/11	4,528.6
2011/12	4,425.2
2012/13	4,458.3
2013/14	–
2014/15	3,811.4
2015/16	3,417.6
2016/17	3,695.2
2017/18	4,102.3
2018/19	4,036.6
2019/20	4,114.9
2020/21	3,799.5
2021/22	3,497.6
2022/23	4,450
2023/24	3,127.8
2024/25	3,167.7
2025/26	3,299.8

Source: ZamStats / MoA — The survey estimates cassava from the total area under cassava at a fixed 11.7 tonnes per hectare (the 2024/25 workbook implies about 11.0). The 2013/14 workbook gives no national total, and 2014/15–2016/17 and 2018/19 come from the small and medium-scale sheets.

Sugar cane

Production, FAOSTAT, thousand tonnes, 2010–2024

Year	Sugar cane (thousand t)
2010	3,700
2011	4,200
2012	4,300
2013	4,600
2014	4,600
2015	4,155
2016	4,083
2017	4,391.8
2018	4,630
2019	4,682
2020	4,479
2021	4,250
2022	4,550
2023	4,750
2024	4,893.7

Source: FAOSTAT — Sugar cane is not covered by the Crop Forecast Survey. Several values are FAO estimates.

Crop production, last three seasons (Crop Forecast Survey)

Crop	2023/24 (t)	2024/25 (t)	2025/26 (t)
Maize	1,511,143	3,655,646	4,937,605
Soybeans	169,700	288,793	453,304
Groundnuts	87,655	101,884	149,918
Sunflower	44,128	115,011	70,611
Wheat (irrigated)	198,886	129,524	81,822
Rice (paddy)	24,566	39,457	71,938
Mixed beans	38,937	38,382	50,477
Millet	15,390	24,133	23,606
Sorghum	2,865	13,795	14,046
Seed cotton	9,072	–	1,930
Virginia tobacco	14,190	–	–
Burley tobacco	6,578	–	–
Cassava (fresh roots)	3,127,778	3,167,650	3,299,829

Source: ZamStats / MoA · ZamStats — Expected production at the time of each survey. The 2024 Integrated Agriculture Survey measured 2023/24 maize at 1,460,148 tonnes and the 2025 post-harvest survey 2024/25 maize at 3,865,019 tonnes. Workbooks for 2024/25 and 2025/26 omit some cash crops.

3.3

Livestock and fish

The 2023 Livestock Survey counted 5.12 million cattle, 5.57 million goats and 1.61 million pigs, against 3.71 million cattle in the 2017/18 census²⁰²¹. The 2024 Integrated Agriculture Survey, which used a different design and covered the drought year, counted 3.97 million cattle⁶. Animal disease is a recurring risk, and anthrax outbreaks in eleven districts of Southern, Western and Eastern provinces led to blanket cattle vaccination in 2023²². Milk production reached 525,400 tonnes in 2024 on FAO data¹⁹.

Fish farming produced 89,000 tonnes in 2024, against 10,300 tonnes in 2010, while capture fisheries were 108,000 tonnes²³. The government estimated a national fish deficit of about 70,000 tonnes a year in 2022, and fish imports, mainly from Namibia, were US$168 million in 2024²⁴²⁵.

Livestock herd

Cattle, goats, pigs and sheep, million head, FAOSTAT, 2010–2024

Year	Cattle (million head)	Goats (million head)	Pigs (million head)	Sheep (million head)
2010	3.1	2.2	0.72	0.22
2011	2.54	2.3	0.82	0.23
2012	3.92	2.35	1.52	0.23
2013	4.03	2.5	1.1	0.24
2014	4.09	2.6	1.1	0.24
2015	3.95	2.71	1.01	0.24
2016	3.79	2.59	1.05	0.24
2017	3.72	3.58	1.08	0.17
2018	3.71	4.01	1.29	0.19
2019	3.93	3.95	1.33	0.17
2020	3.81	4.04	1.17	0.2
2021	4.11	4.22	1.23	0.22
2022	4.7	4.46	1.16	0.26
2023	5.12	5.57	1.61	0.31
2024	4.89	6.01	1.5	0.33

Source: FAOSTAT · MFL / CSO · MFL / ZamStats · MFL — From 2017 FAOSTAT follows the 2017/18 livestock census and the 2022 and 2023 livestock surveys. The 2024 Integrated Agriculture Survey counted fewer animals (3.97 million cattle) using a different design.

Meat, milk and eggs

Production, thousand tonnes, FAOSTAT, 2010–2024

Year	Raw cow milk (thousand t)	Meat, total (thousand t)	Hen eggs (thousand t)
2010	410	265.6	49.5
2011	410.1	270.7	54
2012	410.2	301.1	55
2013	410.2	327.5	55
2014	417.3	336	62
2015	382.5	284.3	63
2016	375.6	284	64
2017	396.7	340	66
2018	429	318.8	67
2019	447.2	323.9	65.7
2020	436.6	311.6	66.2
2021	461.9	323.9	66.3
2022	509.5	314.1	66.3
2023	542.7	381.9	66.3
2024	525.4	369.6	66.3

Source: FAOSTAT — Many values before 2017 are FAO estimates. Cattle meat was 221.9 thousand tonnes in 2024.

Fish capture and aquaculture

Production, thousand tonnes live weight, FAO FishStat, 2010–2024

Year	Capture fisheries (thousand t)	Aquaculture (thousand t)
2010	76.4	10.3
2011	69.4	10.5
2012	87.6	13
2013	87.8	20.3
2014	87.2	19.3
2015	90.1	22.8
2016	92	21.6
2017	101	21.6
2018	98.5	29.6
2019	97.5	38.5
2020	106.8	45.7
2021	105.1	63.4
2022	109.4	75.6
2023	102.2	81.6
2024	108	89

Source: FAO FishStat · MFL — Own sums of all species records. The Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock estimated a national fish deficit of about 70,000 tonnes a year in 2022.

19^th

Cassava

3.13 Mt world production rank, 2024 (18th in 2023)²⁸

27^th

Tobacco

20,768 t world production rank, 2024 (18th in 2023)²⁸

31^st

Sugar cane

4.89 Mt world production rank, 2024²⁸

33^rd

Goats

6.01 million world rank by number, 2024²⁸

Livestock numbers from the census and national surveys

Survey (reference date)	Cattle	Goats	Sheep	Pigs
2017/18 Livestock and Aquaculture Census (Jan 2018)	3,714,667	3,583,696	170,262	1,082,765
2022 Livestock Survey (30 Apr 2022)	4,698,972	4,455,860	260,560	1,160,842
2023 Livestock Survey (30 Apr 2023)	5,115,495	5,568,730	308,354	1,613,248
2024 Integrated Agriculture Survey (31 Dec 2024)	3,973,754	3,767,031	234,370	668,518

Source: MFL / CSO · MFL / ZamStats · ZamStats — The 2023 survey revised the 2022 counts to 4,940,718 cattle, 5,738,443 goats and 1,766,522 pigs. The 2024 survey uses a different design and covers the drought year, so it is not directly comparable.

Zambia in world production (FAOSTAT)

Item	Zambia 2024	World rank 2024	Share of world 2024	World rank 2023
Cassava, fresh (t)	3,127,778	19	0.91%	18
Sugar cane (t)	4,893,717	31	0.25%	32
Unmanufactured tobacco (t)	20,768	27	0.34%	18
Goats (head)	6,011,286	33	0.51%	36
Soya beans (t)	169,700	34	0.04%	14
Groundnuts, excl. shelled (t)	87,655	35	0.15%	25
Maize (t)	1,511,143	53	0.12%	35
Cattle (head)	4,887,687	53	0.31%	53

Source: FAOSTAT — Own ranking among countries in the FAOSTAT bulk file, excluding regional aggregates. FAOSTAT 2024 corresponds to the drought season 2023/24, so 2023 ranks are also shown.

3.4

Trade

The map shows where Zambia's agri-food products go and where they come from. In 2024 Zambia reported US$1,000.5 million of agri-food exports and US$907.2 million of imports²⁵. Members of the Southern African Development Community took 81.1% of exports and supplied 70.9% of imports. The Democratic Republic of the Congo bought US$431 million, mainly beverages, sugar, flour and bakery products, vegetable oils and dairy products, and South Africa supplied US$388 million²⁵. Tobacco went to South Africa, Switzerland and Malawi, while Namibia supplied most of the imported fish²⁵.

Exports rose from US$533 million in 2019 to more than US$1 billion in 2022–2024, led by tobacco, feed and processed food²⁹. Cereal exports vary with the harvest and with export controls. They were US$220 million in 2015 and US$49 million in 2024, when the drought cut supply and cereal imports reached US$160 million²⁹. Zambia restricted maize exports in the 2024/25 marketing season, introduced quota-based exports in May 2025 and removed the remaining restrictions in April 2026³⁰³¹.

Agri-food trade partners, 2024

Exports and imports of HS chapters 01–24 by partner country, US$ million (UN Comtrade, as reported by Zambia)

Source: UN Comtrade — HS chapters 01–24 (live animals to tobacco). Raw cotton (HS chapter 52) is not included. Partner values are as reported by Zambia, and 2024 is the latest year Zambia has reported to UN Comtrade. Small territories without a shape on the 1:110m world map appear only in the ranked list.

Where agri-food exports go

Share of agri-food exports (HS 01–24), 2024

81.1%

14.7%

SADC members · 81.1 %EU-27 · 4.2 %Rest of the world · 14.7 %

Source: UN Comtrade — Own calculation from UN Comtrade partner data. The Democratic Republic of the Congo alone took 43.1%.

Agri-food trade

Exports and imports of HS chapters 01–24, US$ million, 2015–2024

Year	Exports (US$ m)	Imports (US$ m)
2015	657.3	492.2
2016	596.5	460.3
2017	595.4	511.2
2018	572.6	515.7
2019	533.3	538.1
2020	621.5	480.6
2021	869.8	647.8
2022	1,084.2	719.9
2023	1,075.5	720.9
2024	1,000.5	907.2

Source: UN Comtrade · World Bank WDI · ZamStats — Own sums of chapters 01–24 as reported by Zambia. Raw cotton (chapter 52) is not included. Zambia had not reported 2025 to UN Comtrade by October 2026.

Main agri-food export groups

Exports by HS chapter, US$ million, 2015–2024

Year	Tobacco (24) (US$ m)	Sugar (17) (US$ m)	Feed and residues (23) (US$ m)	Cereals (10) (US$ m)
2015	112.1	135.9	33.2	219.7
2016	91	120.3	29.7	191.3
2017	88.5	136.4	58.8	100.8
2018	105	124.6	84	46.3
2019	71.1	142.2	52	39.3
2020	114.5	116.8	49.9	42.7
2021	127.6	122.4	113.4	46.6
2022	135.2	119.1	119.2	113.5
2023	166.9	164.6	146.7	65.7
2024	193.7	114.3	144.9	49.4

Source: UN Comtrade — Cereal exports, mainly maize, vary with the harvest and with export restrictions. Feed exports consist largely of soybean cake.

What Zambia exports

Agri-food exports by HS chapter, 2024, US$ million (top 10)

HS chapter	Exports (US$ m)
24 Tobacco	193.7
22 Beverages & spirits	153.2
23 Feed & food-industry residues	144.9
17 Sugar & confectionery	114.3
19 Cereal, flour & bakery products	95.1
04 Dairy, eggs & honey	64.6
15 Fats & oils	52.1
10 Cereals	49.4
09 Coffee, tea & spices	30.8
20 Fruit & vegetable preparations	19.9

Source: UN Comtrade — As reported by Zambia to UN Comtrade.

What Zambia imports

Agri-food imports by HS chapter, 2024, US$ million (top 10)

HS chapter	Imports (US$ m)
15 Fats & oils	206.1
03 Fish & seafood	168.4
10 Cereals	160.1
22 Beverages & spirits	64.6
23 Feed & food-industry residues	43.7
21 Miscellaneous food preparations	43.1
19 Cereal, flour & bakery products	42.2
04 Dairy, eggs & honey	35.6
20 Fruit & vegetable preparations	22.8
08 Fruit & nuts	17

Source: UN Comtrade — Fish imports came mainly from Namibia (US$162.9 million) and cereal imports from South Africa, Tanzania and Australia in the drought year 2024.

Main agri-food trade partners, 2024 (US$ million)

Rank	Export partner	Exports	Import partner	Imports
1	DR Congo	431.2	South Africa	387.9
2	Zimbabwe	125.3	Namibia	169.0
3	South Africa	122.4	Argentina	41.4
4	Switzerland	58.3	Tanzania	36.9
5	Tanzania	47.8	Malaysia	32.2
6	Malawi	42.4	Australia	31.3
7	Kenya	30.5	Mozambique	21.8
8	Uganda	16.0	Zimbabwe	20.1
9	Botswana	13.1	India	18.2
10	Spain	12.7	Singapore	16.0
	Total, HS 01–24	1,000.5	Total, HS 01–24	907.2

Source: UN Comtrade — As reported by Zambia to UN Comtrade. SADC members took 81.1% of agri-food exports and supplied 70.9% of imports (own calculation).

3.5

Prices

Maize and mealie meal prices follow the harvest. After the 2023/24 drought the national average price of a 25 kg bag of breakfast mealie meal rose to K364.37 in March 2025, against K161.16 in September 2022, and fell to K236.34 by September 2026 after the 2025 and 2026 harvests³⁴³⁵³⁶. Annual food inflation reached 20.6% in February 2025 and was 5.8% in September 2026, when overall inflation was 6.1%³⁶. Annual average inflation was 15.0% in 2024 and 14.0% in 2025³⁷.

Maize and mealie meal prices

National average retail prices, ZMW, September 2022 – September 2026

Month	Breakfast mealie meal, 25 kg (ZMW)	Roller mealie meal, 25 kg (ZMW)	Maize grain, 20-litre tin (ZMW)
Sep 2022	161.16	134.21	71.98
Dec 2022	171.72	138.85	87.75
Mar 2023	193	160.21	108.6
Jun 2023	204.06	165.59	99.1
Sep 2023	269.73	224.84	120.28
Dec 2023	286.31	239.53	145.99
Mar 2024	322.37	273.91	186.15
Sep 2024	334.11	291.49	168.31
Dec 2024	342.16	293.47	185.45
Mar 2025	364.37	306.36	211.29
Jun 2025	307.78	259.04	119.25
Sep 2025	260.34	203.52	119.66
Dec 2025	286.7	225.97	138.85
Feb 2026	302.21	247.56	158.44
Apr 2026	296.1	245.97	149.94
Jun 2026	272.66	222.19	110.8
Sep 2026	236.34	182.19	101.67

Source: ZamStats — Selected months from the tables of national average prices in the ZamStats monthly bulletin. March 2026 is not shown in the September 2026 table, so February and April 2026 are given.

Inflation month by month

Consumer prices, % change on the same month a year earlier, January 2024 – September 2026

Month	All items (%)	Food and non-alcoholic beverages (%)
Jan 2024	13.2	13.7
Feb 2024	13.5	14.1
Mar 2024	13.7	15.6
Apr 2024	13.8	15.7
May 2024	14.7	16.2
Jun 2024	15.2	16.8
Jul 2024	15.4	17.4
Aug 2024	15.5	17.6
Sep 2024	15.6	17.9
Oct 2024	15.7	18.2
Nov 2024	16.5	18.2
Dec 2024	16.7	18.6
Jan 2025	16.7	19.2
Feb 2025	16.8	20.6
Mar 2025	16.5	18.9
Apr 2025	16.5	18.7
May 2025	15.3	17.9
Jun 2025	14.1	16.7
Jul 2025	13	15.3
Aug 2025	12.6	14.9
Sep 2025	12.3	14.6
Oct 2025	11.9	14.1
Nov 2025	10.9	13.9
Dec 2025	11.2	12.9
Jan 2026	9.4	10.9
Feb 2026	7.5	8.2
Mar 2026	7.1	7.8
Apr 2026	6.8	7.3
May 2026	6.6	6.9
Jun 2026	6.5	6.7
Jul 2026	6.5	6.4
Aug 2026	6.2	6
Sep 2026	6.1	5.8

Source: ZamStats — Food inflation reached 20.6% in February 2025, a year after the drought, and fell to 5.8% in September 2026, below the Bank of Zambia's 6–8% target band for overall inflation, which was 6.1% in that month.

Inflation, all items and food

Consumer prices, annual average change, %, 2011–2025

Year	All items (%)	Food (%)
2011	6.4	4.8
2012	6.6	7
2013	7	6.5
2014	7.8	7.2
2015	10.1	11.1
2016	17.9	21.3
2017	6.6	5.8
2018	7.5	7.1
2019	9.1	10.4
2020	15.7	16.2
2021	22.1	27.7
2022	11.1	13.1
2023	10.9	12.4
2024	15	16.7
2025	14	16.4

Source: MoFNP · ZamStats · World Bank WDI — All items 2017–2025 as published (ZamStats for 2017, Annual Economic Reports for 2018–2025). All items 2011–2016 and all food values are own calculations from the monthly CPI indices (2009 = 100).

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AI-assisted content, human-reviewed: This page was generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and reviewed by a human editor. (last review: October 2026) Despite review, errors or outdated values may remain; please verify critical figures against the linked primary sources before relying on them. Nothing here is investment, legal or financial advice.

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