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Macro-economy & structure16 datasets

Agriculture's share of GDP

Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added, % of GDP at current prices, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI · KNBS — World Bank series, which uses KNBS national accounts on the 2016 base. KNBS publishes 21.5, 21.0, 21.5, 22.4 and 23.2% for 2021–2025 (Economic Survey 2026, Table 2.2) and 20.0–23.0% for 2016–2020 (Economic Survey 2021)²³.

Real growth of agriculture and of GDP

Annual % change at constant prices, 2011–2025

Source: World Bank WDI · KNBS — World Bank series, except agriculture in 2021–2025, which shows the KNBS rates of Economic Survey 2026 (Table 2.4), and GDP in 2024–2025 (KNBS paragraph 2.1). The two sources differ by up to 0.1 point. Agriculture contracted in 2017, 2021 and 2022, years with failed rainy seasons in the ERA5 record⁶.

Agricultural value added in US dollars

Agriculture, forestry and fishing, current US$ billion, 2010–2025 (World Bank)

Source: World Bank WDI · IMF — The dip in 2023 coincides with the shilling's depreciation to an annual average of 139.85 per US dollar, from 117.87 in 2022, while value added in shillings rose by 13.6% (own calculation from KNBS Table 2.1)⁸².

Value added of agriculture, forestry and fishing by activity

Constant 2016 prices, KSh billion, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 2.3. At current prices the sector produced KSh 4,071.0 billion in 2025 (Table 2.1). 2025 values are provisional.

Employment in agriculture

% of total employment, modelled ILO estimate, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI — Modelled ILO estimates, which include own-account farming. KNBS employment statistics exclude small-scale farming and pastoralist activities, and record 311,900 private-sector wage employees in agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2025².

Overall poverty rate

% of individuals below the overall poverty line, KNBS, 2015/16–2022

Source: KNBS — Kenya Poverty Report 2022, based on the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2015/16 and the Kenya Continuous Household Survey. In 2022 the rate was 42.9% in rural and 33.2% in urban areas, and food poverty affected 31.7% of individuals.

Agricultural, arable and forest land

% of land area, 2010–2024

Source: World Bank WDI — Irrigated land was 0.99% of agricultural land in 2024¹¹.

Counties with the highest shares of agricultural value added

Average share of national agriculture, forestry and fishing GVA, 2020–2024, %

Source: KNBS — Gross County Product 2025, section 3.2.1. Twelve of the 47 counties contributed less than 1.0% each.

Farming households by activity, 2019 census

Number of households practising each activity (a household can practise several), million

Source: KNBS — 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census, Volume IV, Table 2.20 and section 2.1.5 (maize and beans rounded to 0.1 million in the source). 6,354,211 of 12,143,913 households practised farming (52.3%, own calculation).

KES/USD exchange rate, annual average

IMF period-average rate, KSh per US dollar, 2010–2025

Source: IMF — Annual averages, identical to the World Bank series PA.NUS.FCRF. Used to convert full-year flows.

Consumer price inflation

Annual average change of the CPI, %, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI · KNBS — KNBS reports annual average inflation of 4.51% in 2024 and 4.01% in 2025, with food and non-alcoholic beverages inflation of 5.6% and 7.2%². In September 2026 inflation was 6.8% and food inflation 9.5%¹⁶.

Headline indicators, 2015–2025

Indicator	2015	2020	2023	2024	2025
GDP, current prices (KSh billion, KNBS)	–	–	15,033.6	16,232.3	17,577.6
GDP (US$ billion, World Bank)	70.12	100.66	107.50	120.40	135.94
Real GDP growth (%)	5.0	−0.3	5.7	4.7	4.6
Agriculture, forestry & fishing value added (KSh billion, KNBS)	–	–	3,225.0	3,642.9	4,071.0
Agricultural value added (US$ billion, World Bank)	13.65	22.85	23.06	27.02	31.48
Agriculture, share of GDP at current prices (%)	19.5	22.7	21.5	22.4	23.2
Real growth of agriculture (%)	4.4	4.6	6.6	4.4	3.1
Employment in agriculture, modelled ILO estimate (% of total)	52.5	51.2	47.2	46.5	45.8
Population (million, World Bank)	47.1	52.2	55.3	56.4	57.5
Rural population (% of total, World Bank)	68.3	68.8	68.4	68.1	67.8
CPI inflation, annual average (%)	6.6	5.4	7.7	4.5	4.0
KSh per US$, annual average	98.18	106.45	139.85	134.82	129.30

Source: KNBS · World Bank WDI · IMF — KNBS values for 2023–2025 from Economic Survey 2026 (Tables 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4, 2025 provisional) and World Bank values for earlier years. Inflation for 2024 and 2025 is the KNBS figure (4.51% and 4.01%).

Agriculture in employment statistics

Indicator	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Private-sector wage employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing ('000, KNBS)	295.3	299.7	302.4	308.9	311.9
Total recorded employment ('000, KNBS, excluding small-scale farming and pastoralism)	18,331.6	19,148.2	19,996.3	20,778.6	21,600.7
Employment in agriculture, modelled ILO estimate (% of total employment)	51.2	47.8	47.2	46.5	45.8
Employment in agriculture, women (% of female employment, ILO)	58.0	55.5	54.8	54.1	53.4
Employment in agriculture, men (% of male employment, ILO)	45.5	41.2	40.5	39.9	39.2

Source: KNBS · World Bank WDI — The two sources measure different things. KNBS records wage and informal-sector jobs and leaves out small-scale farming and pastoralist activities, while the ILO model counts all persons whose main job is in agriculture.

Poverty, 2022

Indicator	Value	Source note
Overall poverty headcount, individuals (%)	39.8	About 20.2 million people
Overall poverty, rural areas (%)	42.9	Kenya Continuous Household Survey 2022
Overall poverty, urban areas (%)	33.2	Kenya Continuous Household Survey 2022
Food poverty, individuals (%)	31.7	Over 16 million people
Food poverty, rural areas (%)	33.2	Section 4.2.1
Prevalence of undernourishment (%, FAO three-year average to 2024)	34.9	World Bank WDI

Source: KNBS · World Bank WDI — KNBS poverty lines. Undernourishment is an FAO model estimate and not comparable with the KNBS headcounts.

Farming in the 2019 census

Indicator	Number	Share (%)
Households enumerated	12,143,913	100.0
Households practising farming	6,354,211	52.3
Households growing crops	5,555,974	45.8
Households keeping livestock	4,729,288	38.9
Households practising irrigation	369,679	3.0
Households practising fishing	109,640	0.9
Households practising aquaculture	29,325	0.2
Farming households producing mainly for subsistence	5,637,450	88.7 of farming households
Farming households producing mainly for sale	506,687	8.0 of farming households

Source: KNBS — 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census, Volume IV, Tables 2.20 and 2.25. Shares are own calculations. The census covered the household farming sector only, and the first comprehensive Kenya Census of Agriculture was under way in 2025/26 with no results published by October 2026²⁰.

Registered farmers by type of enterprise, 2023

Type	Share of registered farmers (%)
Mixed farming	55.5
Crop farming	35.8
Livestock farming	8.7
Fishing	0.02
Total registered farmers (about)	6.5 million

Source: KNBS · MoALD — Gross County Product 2025, Table 2, from the 2023 farmer registration that excluded Nairobi and Mombasa. Meru (283,636), Bungoma, Kakamega, Nakuru and Homa Bay registered the most farmers. The Ministry reported over 6.8 million farmers registered on KIAMIS by June 2025²¹.

Production, trade & prices26 datasets

Agri-food trade partners, 2025

Exports and imports of HS chapters 01–24 by partner country, US$ million (UN Comtrade, as reported by Kenya)

Exports · All agri-food products4,782.8 US$ m

US$ m<0.10.10.631040+no trade / n.a.Kenya

Top 12 partners · share of total and US$ m

Pakistan

12%575.6

Netherlands

10.5%504.3

United Kingdom

8.2%394.5

Uganda

7.5%357.1

UAE

6%288.4

Egypt

4%192.9

Germany

3.3%156

United States

2.9%140.8

France

2.6%123.1

Saudi Arabia

2.4%116.9

Kazakhstan

2.4%113.7

Italy

2.3%111.2

140 more partners · 1,708.4 US$ m (35.7%)

#	Partner	Value (US$ m)	Share (%)
1	Pakistan	575.6	12
2	Netherlands	504.3	10.5
3	United Kingdom	394.5	8.2
4	Uganda	357.1	7.5
5	UAE	288.4	6
6	Egypt	192.9	4
7	Germany	156	3.3
8	United States	140.8	2.9
9	France	123.1	2.6
10	Saudi Arabia	116.9	2.4
11	Kazakhstan	113.7	2.4
12	Italy	111.2	2.3
13	Belgium	94.6	2
14	Dem. Rep. of the Congo	92.6	1.9
15	South Sudan	87.6	1.8
16	Oman	76.7	1.6
17	Spain	72.6	1.5
18	United Rep. of Tanzania	70.2	1.5
19	India	69.9	1.5
20	Somalia	68.7	1.4
21	Rwanda	63	1.3
22	Russia	51.5	1.1
23	China	50.4	1.1
24	Iran	45	0.9
25	Norway	44.2	0.9
26	Areas, nes	38.5	0.8
27	Switzerland	36	0.8
28	Poland	33.2	0.7
29	Jordan	31.9	0.7
30	Mexico	30.1	0.6
31	Kuwait	29.7	0.6
32	Qatar	29.6	0.6
33	Portugal	29.4	0.6
34	Japan	28.3	0.6
35	Ireland	28.2	0.6
36	Canada	27.8	0.6
37	Australia	25.8	0.5
38	Ethiopia	23.1	0.5
39	Bahrain	23.1	0.5
40	Zambia	22	0.5
41	South Korea	20.6	0.4
42	Sweden	20.1	0.4
43	Türkiye	18.6	0.4
44	South Africa	17.6	0.4
45	Yemen	17.5	0.4
46	Burundi	15.7	0.3
47	Finland	15.6	0.3
48	Sudan	14.9	0.3
49	Malawi	13.7	0.3
50	Iraq	12.4	0.3
51	Malaysia	11.7	0.2
52	Nigeria	10.7	0.2
53	Afghanistan	10.6	0.2
54	Zimbabwe	10.1	0.2
55	Israel	9.3	0.2
56	Romania	8.6	0.2
57	Sri Lanka	8.5	0.2
58	Mauritius	8.4	0.2
59	Vietnam	8.1	0.2
60	Uzbekistan	7.8	0.2
61	China, Hong Kong SAR	7.2	0.2
62	Congo	6.8	0.1
63	Thailand	6.4	0.1
64	Denmark	6.3	0.1
65	Singapore	5.7	0.1
66	Kyrgyzstan	5.5	0.1
67	Ukraine	5.4	0.1
68	Greece	5.1	0.1
69	Côte d'Ivoire	4.9	0.1
70	Madagascar	4.3	0.1
71	Taiwan (Other Asia, nes)	4	0.1
72	Algeria	3.7	0.1
73	Azerbaijan	3.5	0.1
74	Cyprus	3.4	0.1
75	Georgia	3.2	0.1
76	Indonesia	3.1	0.1
77	Latvia	2.7	0.1
78	Burkina Faso	2.6	0.1
79	New Zealand	2.6	0.1
80	Ghana	2.6	0.1
81	Lebanon	2.4	0.1
82	Chad	2.1	0
83	Estonia	2	0
84	Libya	1.9	0
85	Tunisia	1.9	0
86	Djibouti	1.8	0
87	Seychelles	1.6	0
88	Angola	1.4	0
89	Cameroon	1.3	0
90	Eritrea	1.2	0
91	Belarus	1.2	0
92	Senegal	1	0
93	Mali	1	0
94	Mozambique	0.9	0
95	Bunkers	0.8	0
96	Comoros	0.8	0
97	Philippines	0.8	0
98	Slovakia	0.7	0
99	Lithuania	0.7	0
100	Czechia	0.7	0
101	Hungary	0.7	0
102	Armenia	0.6	0
103	Central African Rep.	0.6	0
104	Serbia (incl. Kosovo)	0.6	0
105	Guinea	0.5	0
106	Cabo Verde	0.5	0
107	Maldives	0.4	0
108	Morocco	0.4	0
109	Mauritania	0.4	0
110	Malta	0.4	0
111	Bangladesh	0.3	0
112	Brazil	0.3	0
113	Eswatini	0.3	0
114	Gabon	0.3	0
115	Austria	0.2	0
116	Tajikistan	0.2	0
117	Ecuador	0.2	0
118	Croatia	0.2	0
119	Colombia	0.2	0
120	Peru	0.2	0
121	Bulgaria	0.2	0
122	Gambia	0.2	0
123	Chile	0.1	0
124	Sierra Leone	0.1	0
125	Iceland	0.1	0
126	Uruguay	0.1	0
127	Barbados	0.1	0
128	Dominican Rep.	0.1	0
129	Saint Lucia	0.1	0
130	Slovenia	0.1	0
131	Namibia	0.1	0
132	Curaçao	0.1	0
133	Argentina	0.1	0
134	Albania	0.1	0
135	Cambodia	0.1	0
136	Costa Rica	0.1	0
137	Benin	0.1	0
138	Togo	0.1	0
139	Bhutan	0	0
140	Myanmar	0	0
141	Niger	0	0
142	Moldova	0	0
143	Luxembourg	0	0
144	Syria	0	0
145	Botswana	0	0
146	Guatemala	0	0
147	Liberia	0	0
148	Nepal	0	0
149	Tokelau	0	0
150	Tonga	0	0
151	Turkmenistan	0	0
152	North Macedonia	0	0

Source: UN Comtrade — HS chapters 01–24 (live animals to tobacco). Partner values are as reported by Kenya for 2025, the latest full year reported. Small territories without a shape on the 1:110m world map appear only in the ranked list.

Maize production

Million 90-kg bags, 2016–2025 (KNBS)

Source: KNBS — Estimates of the State Department for Crops published by KNBS. 2016–2020 from Economic Survey 2021 (2020 provisional in that edition), 2021–2025 from Economic Survey 2026 (Table 7.6). 45.8 million bags equal about 4.1 million tonnes (own calculation). FAOSTAT reports 4.02 million tonnes for 2024²⁴.

Maize area harvested and yield

Area in million hectares and yield in tonnes per hectare, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT — Yield stayed between 1.4 and 1.8 tonnes per hectare in 2010–2024.

Tea production

Made tea, thousand tonnes, 2016–2025

Source: KNBS — Tea Board of Kenya data published by KNBS. In 2025 smallholders produced 271.8 thousand tonnes and estates 278.6 thousand tonnes, and green leaf production was 2,476.7 thousand tonnes. Below-average rainfall reduced output in 2025 (Economic Survey 2026, paragraph 7.15).

Recorded marketed agricultural production

Value at current prices, KSh billion, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.2. 'Other crops' and 'Other livestock products' are own calculations (category totals minus the items shown). Horticulture covers fresh exports only. The grand total was KSh 706.0 billion in 2025.

Coffee production by type of grower

Thousand tonnes, coffee years October–September, 2020/21–2024/25

Source: KNBS — Agriculture and Food Authority data in Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.10. The area under coffee was 113.9 thousand hectares in 2024/25, of which 85.3 thousand under cooperatives.

Fresh horticultural exports by volume

Thousand tonnes, 2016–2025

Source: KNBS — Agriculture and Food Authority data in the Economic Surveys 2021 (2016–2020) and 2026 (2021–2025). Excludes processed horticulture and nuts. Values for 2016–2020 are as published in the 2021 edition and were not revised in the 2026 edition, which starts in 2021.

Fresh horticultural exports by value

KSh billion, 2016–2025

Source: KNBS — Same basis as the volume chart. Earnings from fresh horticultural exports were KSh 143.8 billion in 2025.

Wheat production and imports

Thousand tonnes, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.9. Imports covered 89.8% of wheat supply in 2025 (own calculation).

Beans, potatoes and rice

Production, thousand tonnes, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT — Rice paddy from public irrigation schemes reached 303,724 tonnes in 2024/25 on National Irrigation Authority data²³.

Sugar production and imports

Thousand tonnes, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Kenya Sugar Board data in Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.13. Cane production was 7,051.9 thousand tonnes in 2025 (Table 7.12).

Livestock numbers

Million head, 2010–2024 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT · KNBS — The step in 2019 coincides with the 2019 census, which counted 15.8 million cattle (exotic and indigenous), 19.3 million sheep, 28.0 million goats and 4.6 million camels kept by households¹⁴. The fall in 2021–2022 coincides with the 2020–2022 drought.

Milk production and marketed milk

Million litres, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — State Department for Livestock and Kenya Dairy Board data, Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.17. Formally marketed milk was 18.4% of production in 2025.

Fish production

Capture and aquaculture, thousand tonnes live weight, 2010–2024

Source: FAO FishStat — Own sums of species in FAO FishStat. Capture includes Lake Victoria and marine fisheries.

Prices paid to farmers for maize and wheat

Average gross price, KSh per 100 kg, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.4, calendar-year averages.

Retail price of maize grain

Average retail market price, KSh per kg, March and September 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.7. Prices peaked after the 2022 drought. In September 2026 a 2 kg packet of sifted maize flour cost KSh 152.00 on average¹⁶.

Agri-food exports and imports

HS chapters 01–24, US$ million, 2015–2025

Source: UN Comtrade — UN Comtrade, as reported by Kenya, own sums of chapters 01–24 (world partner). The trade surplus was US$1,194.4 million in 2025 (own calculation).

Main agri-food export and import groups

US$ million, 2015–2025

Source: UN Comtrade — UN Comtrade, as reported by Kenya. Cereal imports were US$1,111.4 million in 2017.

Agri-food exports by product group

Largest HS chapters, US$ million, 2025

Source: UN Comtrade — UN Comtrade, as reported by Kenya. Chapter totals are own sums of partner values. Pakistan bought US$567.9 million of chapter 09 products and the Netherlands US$352.9 million of chapter 06 products.

Agri-food imports by product group

Largest HS chapters, US$ million, 2025

Source: UN Comtrade — UN Comtrade, as reported by Kenya. Malaysia supplied US$951.1 million of chapter 15 imports, and Russia, India, Argentina, Australia and Pakistan US$938.2 million of cereal imports (own sum).

Selected crops, 2021–2025

Crop	Unit	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Maize	million 90-kg bags	36.7	34.2	47.6	44.8	45.8
Beans	million 90-kg bags	7.4	8.3	9.6	8.4	7.4
Sorghum	million 90-kg bags	1.5	1.3	2.2	2.7	2.6
Potatoes	million tonnes	2.1	1.8	2.3	2.2	2.5
Wheat	thousand tonnes	349.1	368.7	309.5	311.8	254.9
Made tea	thousand tonnes	537.8	535.0	570.3	598.5	550.4
Coffee (crop year ending in the year)	thousand tonnes	34.5	51.9	48.7	49.5	51.4
Sugarcane	thousand tonnes	7,659.1	8,799.8	5,550.7	9,365.3	7,051.9
Avocado	thousand tonnes	–	–	–	639.2	528.3

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Tables 7.6, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.12 and 7.20. 2025 values are provisional. Coffee years run from October to September (2024/25 shown under 2025).

Livestock numbers, 2019 census and FAOSTAT 2024

Species	2019 census, kept by households	FAOSTAT 2024
Cattle	15,774,818	22,435,638
of which exotic dairy cattle	2,209,980	–
Goats	28,011,800	38,426,161
Sheep	19,307,445	26,214,927
Camels	4,640,085	4,779,483
Pigs	442,761	–
Chickens (indigenous and exotic)	38,816,238	71,223,000

Source: KNBS · FAOSTAT — Census cattle are the sum of exotic dairy, exotic beef and indigenous cattle, and census chickens the sum of indigenous chicken, layers and broilers (own calculations). The census counted only animals kept by households, so the two columns are not directly comparable.

Kenya in world agricultural production, 2024

Product	Production	World rank	Share of world (%)
Camel milk	1,098,082 t	1 of 29	26.2
Tea leaves	2,687,200 t	3 of 46	8.2
Sisal	20,940 t	3 of 24	–
Camels	4.78 million head	4 of 46	–
Avocados	585,000 t	6 of 73	5.2
Goats	38.4 million head	7 of 181	–
Dry beans	903,851 t	8 of 106	3.0
Cattle	22.4 million head	15 of 190	1.4
Maize	4,023,000 t	30 of 162	0.3

Source: FAOSTAT · KNBS — Own ranking from the FAOSTAT bulk file (release of December 2025), excluding regional aggregates. The rank is out of the countries reporting production above zero. Tea leaves are green leaf, and the FAOSTAT value equals the 2,687.2 thousand tonnes of green leaf shown for 2024 in Table 7.11 of the Economic Survey 2026²³.

Fresh horticultural exports, 2021–2025

Product	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Cut flowers, volume ('000 t)	210.1	202.9	116.3	102.5	130.6
Cut flowers, value (KSh bn)	110.8	104.3	73.5	72.1	81.3
Fruits, volume ('000 t)	117.3	113.3	188.1	225.4	250.3
Fruits, value (KSh bn)	18.4	19.7	32.4	41.0	41.2
Vegetables, volume ('000 t)	78.1	75.4	164.1	74.3	77.0
Vegetables, value (KSh bn)	28.5	23.2	50.9	23.4	21.3
Total, volume ('000 t)	405.5	391.5	468.4	402.2	457.9
Total, value (KSh bn)	157.7	147.1	156.7	136.6	143.8

Source: KNBS — Agriculture and Food Authority data, Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.14. Excludes processed horticulture and nuts.

Average gross prices paid to farmers, 2021–2025

Product	Unit	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Maize	KSh per 100 kg	3,002.7	5,301.0	6,116.7	6,281.2	7,005.1
Wheat	KSh per 100 kg	4,297.9	5,971.3	5,043.7	4,509.7	5,090.3
Tea (auction)	KSh per 100 kg	23,444.4	29,384.6	31,212.1	29,736.4	27,806.0
Coffee (auction)	KSh per 100 kg	65,864.9	48,871.4	61,416.2	65,881.0	93,614.6
Sugarcane	KSh per tonne	3,910.0	4,514.0	5,242.0	5,291.0	5,437.0
Milk	KSh per 100 litres	4,200.0	4,720.4	5,083.0	4,910.1	4,958.0
Beef, third grade	KSh per 100 kg	44,839.6	46,522.1	56,400.0	61,631.6	67,097.0

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.4. Calendar-year averages. Tea and coffee are auction prices for black tea and coffee beans.

Largest agri-food trade partners, 2025

Rank	Export partner	US$ m	Share (%)	Import partner	US$ m	Share (%)
1	Pakistan	575.6	12.0	Malaysia	956.0	26.6
2	Netherlands	504.3	10.5	India	347.0	9.7
3	United Kingdom	394.5	8.2	Russia	232.8	6.5
4	Uganda	357.1	7.5	Uganda	200.6	5.6
5	United Arab Emirates	288.4	6.0	Argentina	199.4	5.6
6	Egypt	192.9	4.0	Tanzania	167.7	4.7
7	Germany	156.0	3.3	Australia	167.0	4.7
8	United States	140.8	2.9	Pakistan	165.5	4.6
9	France	123.1	2.6	South Africa	111.8	3.1
10	Saudi Arabia	116.9	2.4	Egypt	104.3	2.9
	Total, HS 01–24	4,782.8	100.0	Total, HS 01–24	3,588.4	100.0

Source: UN Comtrade — UN Comtrade, as reported by Kenya. Shares are own calculations.

Value chains & food security13 datasets

Maize sold to the National Cereals and Produce Board and millers

Thousand tonnes, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.8. 178.0 thousand tonnes equal about 4.3% of estimated 2025 maize production (45.8 million bags of 90 kg), own calculation.

Imports of chemical fertilisers

Quantity imported, thousand tonnes, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS · World Bank WDI — Economic Survey 2026, Table 6.6 (tonnes 758,456.5, 561,986.0, 915,751.7, 834,514.2 and 919,982.1, 2025 provisional). Imports rose by 10.2% in 2025 (paragraph 6.12). The Ministry stated in October 2026 that more than 38 million bags had been subsidised since 2022²⁹. On World Bank data fertiliser consumption was 48.4 kg per hectare of arable land in 2024²⁸.

Food self-sufficiency and import dependency

Food balance sheet ratios, %, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — KNBS food balance sheet, Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.22. Daily calorie supply was 2,128 kcal per person in 2025.

Marketed sales from small and large farms

Recorded sale of produce, KSh billion, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.5, which defines large farms as 20 hectares and above. Small farms accounted for 71.6% of recorded sales in 2025.

Public spending on agriculture

National government (agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting) and county governments (agriculture), KSh billion, fiscal years

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Tables 5.8 (national, COFOG) and 5.15 (counties). 2025/26 values are provisional or projected. National spending on agriculture was 2.3% of national government expenditure in 2025/26 (own calculation, KSh 97.0 billion of KSh 4,269.6 billion). Recurrent and development accounts combined.

Registered agricultural cooperative societies

Number by type, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.19. 'Other agricultural' combines sugar-cane, pyrethrum, cotton, farm-purchase, fisheries and other agricultural societies (own calculation). In 2025 there were 9,640 agricultural societies and 14,882 savings and credit societies.

Rice paddy from public irrigation schemes

Tonnes, crop years 2020/21–2024/25

Source: KNBS — National Irrigation Authority data, Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.15. Mwea produced 161,183 tonnes in 2024/25, and the schemes had 36,376 plot holders.

National fertiliser subsidy programme

Date	Measure	Detail
March 2024	E-vouchers for the long rains	Distribution of fertiliser e-vouchers with FAO, Safaricom and the ICT ministry
November 2024	KIAMIS	Digital farmer registration and e-voucher management used to target fertiliser and seed subsidies
December 2024	2025 long rains programme	7.4 million bags procured, e-vouchers redeemable at NCPB depots, cooperatives and agro-vet stores, price KSh 2,500 per 50-kg bag
June 2025	Farmer registration	Over 6.8 million farmers registered on KIAMIS
September 2026	Distribution of 99,000 tonnes	Price KSh 2,000 per 50-kg bag, distribution to tea farmers through KTDA
October 2026	Cumulative volume	More than 38 million bags subsidised since 2022, price reduced from KSh 7,500 to KSh 2,000 per bag (Ministry statement)

Source: MoALD — Compiled from Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development releases. No audited data on subsidy spending, bags distributed by season or farmers served were found.

Public expenditure on agriculture, KSh million

Fiscal year	National government (COFOG agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting)	County governments (agriculture)
2021/22	–	21,043.3
2022/23	77,350.6	18,453.6
2023/24	93,089.7	22,004.9
2024/25	87,994.1	20,793.0
2025/26 (provisional or projected)	97,012.7	31,346.4

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Tables 5.8 and 5.15. In 2025/26 the national figure is about US$750.4 million and the county figure about US$242.5 million at the FY2025/26 average of the IMF monthly averages, 129.28 (own calculation)⁸. The Agriculture Orientation Index, the agriculture share of government spending divided by agriculture's share of GDP, was 0.130 in 2025²³.

Sales of selected crops to marketing boards and processors, 2021–2025

Crop	Unit	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Maize (NCPB and millers)	'000 t	228.4	149.5	185.4	174.1	178.0
Wheat (deliveries to factories)	'000 t	241.9	181.9	292.1	294.3	240.6
Tea	'000 t	537.8	535.0	570.3	598.5	550.4
Coffee	'000 t	28.2	41.9	32.4	44.9	41.6
Rice paddy	'000 t	111.6	123.9	137.4	169.3	180.1
Sugarcane	million t	7.7	8.8	5.6	9.4	7.1

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.8.

Food balance sheet indicators, 2021–2025

Indicator	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Daily calorie supply per person (kcal)	2,108.2	2,115.9	2,144.6	2,137.4	2,128.0
Daily protein supply per person (g)	62.1	64.0	63.0	62.9	61.8
Self-sufficiency ratio, all food (%)	89.7	87.5	94.8	105.6	99.7
Self-sufficiency ratio, vegetal products (%)	88.2	85.8	94.3	107.4	98.7
Self-sufficiency ratio, animal products (%)	97.9	97.4	96.7	97.9	104.4
Import dependency ratio, all food (%)	13.4	14.5	19.3	17.2	18.3

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.22. The source labels the calorie row in thousands, but the values are kilocalories per person per day.

Registered cooperative societies and unions, 2021–2025

Type	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Coffee	673	688	718	767	808
Dairy	670	689	770	862	910
Multi-produce	2,854	2,854	2,893	2,906	2,930
Sugar-cane	217	223	231	238	246
Fisheries	121	123	218	286	335
Agricultural societies, total	7,729	7,898	8,460	9,210	9,640
Savings and credit (SACCO)	11,798	12,291	13,511	14,484	14,882
All societies	25,882	26,547	28,575	30,726	31,743
Agricultural unions	102	104	104	106	110

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 7.19 (source Ministry of Co-operatives and MSME Development).

Warehouse receipt system

Item	Detail
Law	Warehouse Receipt System Act, Cap. 350 (Act No. 8 of 2019), Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXI No. 82 of 28 June 2019, assented 12 June 2019, commenced 2 July 2019
Regulations	Warehouse Receipt System Regulations 2021 (Legal Notice No. 3), approved June 2021
Regulator	Warehouse Receipt System Council, under the Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry since Executive Order No. 1 of 2023
Financing	Loans against receipts, usually up to a share of the value of stored goods, for example 70–80%
Participating lenders	18 listed as active, including AFC, KCB, Equity, Co-operative Bank, NCBA, Absa and Stanbic
Warehouse receipts registered, FY2024/25	40
Warehouse operators certified, FY2024/25	8 (Nakuru, Trans Nzoia, Uasin Gishu, Kirinyaga and Meru counties)
Collateral managers certified, FY2024/25	3
Warehouse operators inspected and warehouses pre-inspected, FY2024/25	17 inspected, 9 pre-inspected
Commodities deposited and receipts financed, FY2024/25	5,844 bags deposited, 7 receipts financed
Financial institutions onboarded, FY2024/25	15, including digital lending platforms
Stocks in certified warehouses, September 2026	6,846 bags of 50 kg (maize, sunflower, soya beans, green grams, coffee)

Source: Kenya Law · WRSC — FY2024/25 figures from the Council's Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2025, tabled in Parliament. In FY2024/25 the Council also began onboarding coffee by integrating the system with the Nairobi Coffee Exchange. The September 2026 stock figure is the sum of the grade 1 and grade 2 totals published by the Council (own calculation). The achievements section of the report gives 17 warehouse operators inspected, while its performance statement shows 14 inspections. The value of loans against receipts is not published.

Climate & environment11 datasets

Annual mean temperature

Country average, °C, 2000–2025 (ERA5 reanalysis)

Source: World Bank CCKP — The 1991–2020 average was 25.29 °C against 24.50 °C in 1961–1990 (own calculation). The CRU station-based series shows a similar increase, from 24.47 °C to 25.01 °C⁴⁰.

Annual rainfall

Country average, mm, 2000–2025 (ERA5 reanalysis)

Source: World Bank CCKP — The 1991–2020 average was 701 mm (own calculation). 2022 was the driest year of the period shown.

Long and short rains against the 1991–2020 average

Deviation of March–May and October–December rainfall, %, 2015–2024

Source: World Bank CCKP — Own calculation from ERA5 monthly country averages. The five consecutive seasons from October–December 2020 to October–December 2022 were all below average, by 18–54%.

Projected warming

Median change in annual mean temperature against 1995–2014, °C (CMIP6)

Source: World Bank CCKP — Median of the CMIP6 ensemble. Median annual rainfall is projected to rise, by 39–49 mm by 2040–2059 and by 52–193 mm by 2080–2099.

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector

MtCO2e, excluding land use and forestry, 2010–2023

Source: Climate Watch — Climate Watch data. Agriculture accounted for 60.4% of emissions excluding land use and forestry in 2023 (own calculation). Land use and forestry were a net sink of 15.73 MtCO2e in 2023. Kenya's NDC estimates agriculture emissions at 36.1 MtCO2e in 2022 on the national inventory basis⁴⁶.

Agricultural emissions by source

kt CO2e (AR5), 2010–2023 (FAOSTAT)

Source: FAOSTAT — FAO Tier 1 estimates. Livestock accounted for 51.7 of the 53.3 Mt CO2e of IPCC agriculture emissions in 2023.

Forest area

Thousand sq. km, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI — World Bank, based on the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment. Forest covered 6.6% of the land area in 2024.

Projected changes in temperature and rainfall (CMIP6 median)

Scenario and period	Temperature (°C)	Annual rainfall (mm)
SSP2-4.5, 2040–2059	+1.23	+38.9
SSP5-8.5, 2040–2059	+1.56	+49.4
SSP2-4.5, 2080–2099	+2.05	+51.9
SSP5-8.5, 2080–2099	+3.68	+193.2

Source: World Bank CCKP — Anomalies against 1995–2014, median of the CMIP6 ensemble, World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.

Kenya's NDC mitigation targets

Document	Target	Reference	Finance
Updated first NDC (December 2020)	32% below business as usual by 2030	Business-as-usual emissions of 143 MtCO2eq by 2030	USD 62 billion, 13% (about USD 8 billion, own calculation) to be mobilised by Kenya and 87% from international support
Second NDC (2025)	35% below business as usual by 2035 (75 MtCO2eq, of which 15 unconditional)	Business-as-usual emissions of 215 MtCO2eq in 2035	USD 56 billion for 2031–2035, 19% (USD 10.5 billion) from domestic sources

Source: UNFCCC · MoECCF — The figures for the updated first NDC are read from the submission letter of 24 December 2020 in the scanned UNFCCC file. The second NDC restates the 32% target and the 13% domestic share.

Climate risk indicators

Indicator	Value	Year
Annual mean temperature, 1991–2020 average (ERA5)	25.29 °C	1991–2020
Warmest year in the ERA5 record 2000–2025	26.09 °C	2024
Annual rainfall, 1991–2020 average (ERA5)	701 mm	1991–2020
Driest year 2000–2025 (ERA5)	423 mm	2022
Short rains October–December against average	−53.8%	2022
Economic losses from the 2022 drought (NDC2)	over KES 70 billion (about USD 650 million)	2022
Direct losses from the 2024 floods (NDC2)	over USD 1.46 billion	2024
Share of land area that is arid or semi-arid (NDC2)	over 84%	2025
Agriculture in emissions excluding land use (Climate Watch)	60.4%	2023

Source: World Bank CCKP · MoECCF · Climate Watch — ERA5 averages and anomalies are own calculations from the CCKP data.

Drought phase of the 23 arid and semi-arid counties, April 2026

Phase	Counties
Alarm	Mandera, Wajir
Alert	Garissa, Isiolo, Kitui, Lamu, Marsabit, Turkana, West Pokot
Normal	Samburu, Kajiado, Baringo, Embu, Meru, Laikipia, Tana River, Tharaka-Nithi, Taita-Taveta, Makueni, Nyeri, Narok
Recovery	Kilifi, Kwale

Source: NDMA — NDMA drought situation brief of 14 April 2026, after the March 2026 rains.

Agricultural finance23 datasets

Bank loans to agriculture

Gross loans of commercial banks to the agriculture sector, KSh billion, December 2010–2025

Source: CBK — CBK Bank Supervision Annual Reports, sectoral distribution of gross loans (end-December). The KNBS Economic Survey publishes a different series of bills, loans and advances of banks and non-bank financial institutions to agriculture (KSh 192.0 billion in December 2025), which is not combined with this one².

Bank loans to agriculture in US dollars

Gross loans of commercial banks to agriculture converted at the IMF end-of-period rate, US$ million, December 2010–2025

Source: CBK · IMF — Own conversion of the shilling stock at the IMF end-of-period KES/USD rate (the Central Bank of Kenya rate). The rates used are 80.75 (2010), 85.07 (2011), 86.00 (2012), 86.31 (2013), 90.50 (2014), 102.31 (2015), 102.49 (2016), 103.23 (2017), 101.85 (2018), 101.34 (2019), 109.17 (2020), 113.14 (2021), 123.37 (2022), 156.46 (2023), 129.29 (2024) and 129.01 (2025). The fall in 2023 reflects the depreciation of the shilling to 156.46 per dollar at the end of the year, while the shilling stock rose by 15.2%.

KES/USD exchange rate, year-end

IMF end-of-period rate, KSh per US dollar, 2010–2025

Source: IMF — The shilling depreciated from 123.37 per dollar at the end of 2022 to 156.46 at the end of 2023 and recovered to 129.29 at the end of 2024. It stood at 129.45 at the end of August 2026.

Agriculture's share of bank loans

% of gross loans of commercial banks, December 2010–2025

Source: CBK · World Bank WDI — As published in each Bank Supervision Annual Report, except 2016, which is an own calculation (KSh 93,712 million of KSh 2,293,190 million, 4.09%) because the percentage column of the 2016 report repeats the 2015 values⁵⁶. Agriculture produced 23.2% of GDP in 2025¹².

Non-performing loan ratios

Gross NPLs as % of gross loans, agriculture and all sectors, December 2010–2025

Source: CBK — Agricultural ratios are own calculations from the sectoral tables of the Bank Supervision Annual Reports (gross NPLs divided by gross loans). All-sector ratios for 2015–2018 and 2023–2025 are the values published by CBK, including 9.2% for 2016 (revised to 9.3% in the 2017 report), 12.7% for 2018, 17.1% for 2024 and 16.0% for 2025, and own calculations for other years⁵⁶⁵⁷⁵⁸⁶⁴⁶⁵. CBK reported an industry ratio of 13.9% in September 2026⁶⁶.

Agriculture's share of loans and of bad loans

% of gross loans and % of gross NPLs of commercial banks, December 2010–2025

Source: CBK — As published in the sectoral tables of the Bank Supervision Annual Reports. The 2016 loan share is an own calculation (4.09%) because the percentage column of the 2016 report repeats the 2015 values⁵⁶.

Central Bank Rate

Policy rate at the end of each year, %, 2010–2025

Source: CBK — Rate set at the last MPC decision of each year. CBK lowered the rate to 8.75% on 10 February 2026 and kept it there at the meetings of April, June, August and October 2026.

Average bank lending rate

Commercial bank lending rate, annual average, %, 2010–2024

Source: World Bank WDI · CBK — Interest rate caps of four percentage points above the CBK benchmark rate applied from September 2016 to November 2019⁵⁹. CBK reported an average lending rate of 14.4% in September 2026⁶⁶.

Domestic credit to the private sector

% of GDP, 2010–2025

Source: World Bank WDI — World Bank, based on IMF monetary statistics.

Registered mobile money accounts

Million accounts in December, 2010–2025

Source: CBK — CBK mobile payments statistics, rounded to one decimal (16.4463 million in December 2010). Accounts can exceed the adult population because people hold accounts with several providers. There were 95.3 million accounts and 563,605 active agents in August 2026.

Formal financial inclusion

Adults with access to formal financial services, %, FinAccess surveys 2006–2024

Source: CBK — 2024 FinAccess Household Survey, Figure 2.1. 9.9% of adults were excluded in 2024.

Formal and mobile borrowing

Adults who borrowed in the past year, % of population aged 15+, Global Findex

Source: Global Findex — In 2024, 32.4% of adults borrowed from a mobile money provider and 90.1% held an account⁷³.

Insurance industry gross premiums

Gross premium income of insurers, KSh billion, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS — Insurance Regulatory Authority data in Economic Survey 2026, Tables 4.16 and 4.17, direct business excluding reinsurance. Agricultural insurance premiums are not published separately in these tables. Total premiums equalled about 2.6% of GDP in 2025 (own calculation).

Regulated Sacco societies

Assets and loans, KSh billion, 2021–2025

Source: KNBS · SASRA — Sacco societies regulated by SASRA, Economic Survey 2026, Table 4.14. Data on Sacco lending to agriculture are not published in this table.

Bank credit to agriculture, December 2025

Indicator	Value
Gross loans to agriculture (KSh million)	197,895.5
Gross loans to agriculture (US$ million, own conversion at 129.01)	1,534.0
Share of gross loans of commercial banks (%)	4.6
Loan accounts in agriculture	127,031
Gross non-performing loans in agriculture (KSh million)	38,134.6
NPL ratio, agriculture (%, own calculation)	19.3
NPL ratio, all sectors (%)	16.0
Agriculture's share of gross NPLs (%)	5.5
Agriculture's share of GDP, 2025 (%)	23.2

Source: CBK · IMF · KNBS — CBK Bank Supervision Annual Report 2025, Table 18.

Loans and non-performing loans in agriculture, 2015–2025

Year	Gross loans (KSh bn)	Gross NPLs (KSh bn)	NPL ratio agriculture (%)	NPL ratio all sectors (%)	Agriculture share of NPLs (%)
2015	87.5	8.4	9.6	6.8	5.7
2017	80.0	9.0	11.2	12.3	3.4
2018	90.0	30.5	33.9	12.7	9.6
2019	89.6	16.8	18.8	12.5	5.0
2020	108.1	23.3	21.6	14.5	5.3
2021	106.2	19.2	18.1	14.1	4.2
2022	126.5	27.7	21.9	13.9	5.5
2023	145.7	32.1	22.1	15.6	4.9
2024	180.6	31.6	17.5	17.1	4.5
2025	197.9	38.1	19.3	16.0	5.5

Source: CBK — Bank Supervision Annual Reports, sectoral tables. Agricultural NPL ratios are own calculations. All-sector ratios are the values published by CBK for 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2023–2025 and own calculations for other years. CBK classifies loans more than 90 days past due as substandard, doubtful or loss⁶⁵.

Agricultural Finance Corporation, FY2023/24 and FY2024/25

Indicator	FY2023/24	FY2024/25
Loan book at 30 June (KSh billion)	10.56	12.07
Loan book at 30 June 2025 (US$ million, own conversion at 129.2343)	–	93.4
Loan disbursements (KSh billion)	3.54	4.75
Loan collections (KSh billion)	4.46	4.49
Total assets (KSh billion)	12.57	14.01
Pre-tax profit (KSh million)	36.75	88.19
Short-term loans at 30 June 2025 (KSh billion)	–	0.96
Medium-term loans at 30 June 2025 (KSh billion)	–	10.55
Directors' loans at 30 June 2025 (KSh billion)	–	0.06
Staff loans at 30 June 2025 (KSh billion)	–	0.5
Branches (counties)	–	47 (35)

Source: AFC · IMF — AFC Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2025, tabled in Parliament (pp. 8 and 24). The Auditor-General issued a qualified opinion. As stated in the audit report, net medium-term loans of KSh 10,641.7 million include KSh 1,024.2 million of non-performing loans (890 loans) and KSh 325.7 million of loans classified as active that should have been classified as non-performing, and KSh 226.3 million of short-term loans were past maturity for more than a year⁷⁵. The Government Owned Enterprises Act 2025 repealed the AFC Act from 5 December 2025⁷⁶.

Central Bank Rate decisions, 2022–2026

Date	Central Bank Rate (%)
30 May 2022	7.50
29 Sep 2022	8.25
23 Nov 2022	8.75
29 Mar 2023	9.50
26 Jun 2023	10.50
5 Dec 2023	12.50
6 Feb 2024	13.00
6 Aug 2024	12.75
8 Oct 2024	12.00
5 Dec 2024	11.25
5 Feb 2025	10.75
8 Apr 2025	10.00
10 Jun 2025	9.75
12 Aug 2025	9.50
7 Oct 2025	9.25
9 Dec 2025	9.00
10 Feb 2026	8.75
7 Oct 2026 (retained)	8.75

Source: CBK — Changes of the rate only, plus the latest meeting. The rate was 7.00% from April 2020 to May 2022.

Interest rates at the end of the year, 2021–2025

Rate (%)	Dec 2021	Dec 2022	Dec 2023	Dec 2024	Dec 2025
Central Bank Rate	7.00	8.75	12.50	11.25	9.00
91-day Treasury bill	7.26	9.33	15.70	10.32	7.78
Interbank rate	5.10	5.39	11.65	11.45	9.08
Commercial bank loans and advances (maximum)	12.16	12.67	14.63	16.89	14.82
Average deposits	6.50	7.17	10.10	10.45	7.13

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 4.11 (source CBK).

Mobile money, December 2015–2025

Year	Active agents	Registered accounts (million)	Agent cash-in and cash-out in December (KSh bn)
2015	143,946	28.6	267.1
2018	205,745	47.7	367.8
2020	282,929	66.0	605.7
2022	317,983	73.1	708.1
2024	381,116	82.4	753.5
2025	473,536	89.5	722.5
August 2026	563,605	95.3	761.1

Source: CBK — CBK mobile payments statistics. Mobile money transactions totalled 2,718.0 million in 2025, worth KSh 8,236.5 billion².

Financial inclusion and borrowing

Indicator	Value	Year
Adults with formal financial access (FinAccess, %)	84.8	2024
Adults financially excluded (FinAccess, %)	9.9	2024
Account ownership, adults (Findex, %)	90.1	2024
Borrowed from a formal financial institution (Findex, %)	12.6	2024
Borrowed from a mobile money provider (Findex, %)	32.4	2024
Agricultural day-to-day financing from reinvested farm income (FinAccess, %)	49.3	2024
Adults relying mainly on agriculture for their livelihood (FinAccess, %)	17.9	2024

Source: CBK · Global Findex — FinAccess and Findex use different samples and definitions.

Regulated Sacco societies, KSh million

Indicator	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Assets	807,109	890,300	971,955	1,076,151	1,209,550
Loans and advances	608,750	680,351	758,565	845,113	948,306
Deposits (BOSA and FOSA)	564,887	620,446	682,186	749,430	831,910

Source: KNBS — Economic Survey 2026, Table 4.14 (source SASRA). 2025 provisional.

Agricultural risk finance instruments

Instrument	Provider	Status and figures
DRIVE, financial services package for pastoralists (savings, insurance, digital accounts)	World Bank regional project P176517	1,520,550 pastoralists and dependents covered in Kenya on 10 October 2025, against a target of 800,000, and 99% of payouts were made within 30 days (project-wide)
Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option	World Bank (P161562)	US$200 million, approved June 2018, closed September 2021
Emergency locust response	World Bank regional programme P173702	US$195.6 million for the region, approved May 2020
Agricultural insurance premiums and claims	Insurance Regulatory Authority	Not available from an accessible official source in October 2026

Source: World Bank — The Kenya Livestock Insurance Programme and the area-yield index insurance under the Kenya Agricultural Insurance Programme are not listed with figures because no official programme document could be opened.

Sustainable finance4 datasets

Green Climate Fund financing for agriculture-related projects in Kenya

GCF financing approved, US$ million (multi-country projects shown in full)

Source: GCF — GCF financing as shown on each project page, excluding co-financing. DaIMA also covers Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The GCF listed 28 projects in Kenya with total financing of US$493 million in October 2026⁸⁴.

Cost of Kenya's second NDC

Estimated requirement for 2031–2035 by type of action, US$ billion

Source: MoECCF — Total of USD 56 billion, of which Kenya intends to finance 19% (USD 10.5 billion) from domestic resources.

Green and sustainable finance framework

Date	Instrument or event	Issuer	Content
May 2016	Climate Change Act No. 11 of 2016	Parliament	Climate Change Council, Directorate and Fund, climate duties of public and private entities
October 2019	First green bond	Acorn Holdings Limited	Five-year bond at 12.25%, listed on the NSE green bond market in 2020, matured October 2024
October 2021	Guidance on Climate-Related Risk Management	Central Bank of Kenya	Board-approved implementation plans due by 30 June 2022
September 2023	Climate Change (Amendment) Act No. 9 of 2023	Parliament	Carbon markets, community development agreements and a National Carbon Registry
May 2024	Climate Change (Carbon Markets) Regulations, 2024 (Legal Notice No. 84 of 2024)	Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry	Designated National Authority, carbon registries, project procedures, in force since 17 May 2024
April 2025	Kenya Green Finance Taxonomy	Central Bank of Kenya	Eligible activities with technical screening criteria, including an appendix for agriculture, forestry and fishing
April 2025	Climate Risk Disclosure Framework for the Banking Sector	Central Bank of Kenya	Disclosure framework published with the taxonomy
March 2026	GCF FP292 approved	KCB Bank Kenya (GCF direct access entity)	US$43.6 million of GCF financing for climate-smart lending to MSMEs and farmers

Source: Kenya Law · NSE · CBK · Kenya Gazette · GCF — Dates as given by the issuing institution.

Selected Green Climate Fund projects in Kenya related to agriculture

Code	Project	Entity	Approved	GCF financing (US$ m)	Total value (US$ m)
FP292	Climate-smart solutions for hardest-to-reach MSMEs and farmers (CST Facility)	KCB Bank Kenya	28 Mar 2026	43.6	96.9
FP269	DaIMA, Dairy Interventions for Mitigation and Adaptation (Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)	IFAD	3 Jul 2025	150.0	358.0
FP255	Climate-resilient agricultural value chains in the Lake Region Economic Bloc	FAO	20 Feb 2025	29.2	50.0
FP220	Africa Rural Climate Adaptation Finance Mechanism (Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda)	IFAD	25 Oct 2023	55.0	200.0
FP113	TWENDE, ecosystem-based adaptation in arid and semi-arid rangelands	IUCN	8 Jul 2019	23.2	34.5

Source: GCF — GCF project pages, October 2026. Multi-country projects show the full amount.

ⓘ

AI-assisted content, human-reviewed: This page was generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and reviewed by a human editor. (last review: October 2026) Despite review, errors or outdated values may remain; please verify critical figures against the linked primary sources before relying on them. Nothing here is investment, legal or financial advice.

For more information and suggestions, please contact serkan.veziroglu@prosperaimpact.com.

Year	Growing of crops (KSh bn)	Animal production (KSh bn)	Support activities (KSh bn)	Forestry & logging (KSh bn)	Fishing & aquaculture (KSh bn)
2021	1,211.7	327.6	23.5	91.9	45.2
2022	1,179	324.3	23.1	100	48.7
2023	1,255.2	355.6	23.3	103.4	47.3
2024	1,286.1	389.5	28.8	106	52.1
2025	1,316.5	404.2	30.8	108.2	60.7

	Households (million)
Any farming	6.35
Crop production	5.56
Maize growing	5.1
Livestock production	4.73
Beans growing	3.6
Irrigation	0.37
Fishing	0.11
Aquaculture	0.03

Year	Area harvested (million ha) (million ha / t per ha)	Yield (t/ha) (million ha / t per ha)
2010	2.01	1.73
2011	2.13	1.58
2012	2.16	1.74
2013	2.12	1.69
2014	2.12	1.66
2015	2.1	1.82
2016	2.34	1.43
2017	2.09	1.53
2018	2.27	1.77
2019	2.3	1.56
2020	2.14	1.77
2021	2.17	1.52
2022	2.11	1.46
2023	2.43	1.76
2024	2.41	1.67

Year	Tea (KSh bn)	Fresh horticulture exports (KSh bn)	Cattle and calves (KSh bn)	Cereals (KSh bn)	Other crops (KSh bn)	Other livestock products (KSh bn)
2021	126.1	157.7	103.5	27.3	55.5	63.3
2022	157.2	147.1	84.7	34.5	69.7	76.5
2023	178	156.7	112.7	47.2	59.3	90.6
2024	178	136.6	134.7	52.9	90.4	97.6
2025	153	143.8	160.2	53	86.8	109.1

Year	Production (thousand t)	Imports (thousand t)
2021	700.2	426.3
2022	796.6	320.7
2023	472.8	608.2
2024	815.5	339.3
2025	613.2	477.7

Year	Value added (US$ bn)
2010	7.98
2011	8.86
2012	10.62
2013	11.48
2014	12.53
2015	13.65
2016	14.99
2017	17.14
2018	18.73
2019	20.94
2020	22.85
2021	23.56
2022	24.08
2023	23.06
2024	27.02
2025	31.48

Year	Total (%)	Women (%)	Men (%)
2010	55.6	63.7	48
2011	55.1	62.9	47.8
2012	54.5	62	47.4
2013	53.9	61.2	47.1
2014	53.1	60.2	46.6
2015	52.5	59.2	46.2
2016	51.9	58.3	45.8
2017	51.3	57.5	45.6
2018	50.4	56.4	45
2019	49.7	55.5	44.7
2020	51.2	57.4	45.9
2021	51.2	58	45.5
2022	47.8	55.5	41.2
2023	47.2	54.8	40.5
2024	46.5	54.1	39.9
2025	45.8	53.4	39.2

Year	Agricultural land (%)	Arable land (%)	Forest (%)
2010	48.1	9.8	6.8
2011	48.3	9.8	6.6
2012	48.5	10	6.5
2013	48.6	10.2	6.3
2014	48.8	10.3	6.1
2015	48.9	10.5	5.9
2016	49	10.6	6
2017	49	10.8	6
2018	49.1	10.9	6.1
2019	49.1	11	6.1
2020	49.1	11.1	6.2
2021	49.1	11.1	6.3
2022	49.6	11.5	6.4
2023	49.9	11.5	6.5
2024	50	11.5	6.6

	Share of agricultural GVA (%)
Meru	8.1
Nakuru	6.4
Nyandarua	4.3
Murang'a	4.1
Kiambu	3.7
Bungoma	3.6
Nandi	3.6
Kakamega	3.5

Year	KSh per US$ (KSh per US$)
2010	79.23
2011	88.81
2012	84.53
2013	86.12
2014	87.92
2015	98.18
2016	101.5
2017	103.41
2018	101.3
2019	101.99
2020	106.45
2021	109.64
2022	117.87
2023	139.85
2024	134.82
2025	129.3

Year	Maize (million bags)
2016	37.8
2017	35.4
2018	44.6
2019	44
2020	42.1
2021	36.7
2022	34.2
2023	47.6
2024	44.8
2025	45.8

Year	Made tea (thousand t)
2016	473
2017	439.8
2018	493
2019	458.8
2020	569.5
2021	537.8
2022	535
2023	570.3
2024	598.5
2025	550.4

Coffee year	Cooperatives (thousand t)	Estates (thousand t)
2020/21	22.8	11.7
2021/22	36.3	15.6
2022/23	34.5	14.2
2023/24	34.9	14.6
2024/25	36.8	14.6

Year	Cut flowers (thousand t)	Fruits (thousand t)	Vegetables (thousand t)
2016	133.7	48.7	78.8
2017	160	56.9	87.2
2018	161.2	75.6	85.8
2019	173.7	81.9	72.7
2020	146	105.1	62.6
2021	210.1	117.3	78.1
2022	202.9	113.3	75.4
2023	116.3	188.1	164.1
2024	102.5	225.4	74.3
2025	130.6	250.3	77

Year	Cut flowers (KSh bn)	Fruits (KSh bn)	Vegetables (KSh bn)
2016	70.8	7.3	23.4
2017	82.2	9	24.1
2018	113.2	12.8	27.7
2019	104.1	13.2	27.2
2020	107.5	18.4	24.2
2021	110.8	18.4	28.5
2022	104.3	19.7	23.2
2023	73.5	32.4	50.9
2024	72.1	41	23.4
2025	81.3	41.2	21.3

Year	Potatoes (thousand t)	Dry beans (thousand t)	Rice (paddy) (thousand t)
2010	2,726	391	86
2011	2,365	578	111
2012	2,915	623	138
2013	2,193	714	125
2014	1,626	616	112
2015	1,963	765	116
2016	1,336	728	102
2017	1,520	846	81
2018	1,870	837	113
2019	1,979	747	161
2020	1,860	774	181
2021	2,108	669	186
2022	1,832	750	192
2023	2,310	861	229
2024	2,188	904	282

Year	Total milk production (million litres)	Recorded marketed milk (million litres)	Milk and cream processed (million litres)
2021	4,640.9	801.9	510.6
2022	4,604.3	755.3	473.6
2023	5,284.1	810.8	555.4
2024	5,334.8	909	620.9
2025	5,521.1	1,013.7	704.4

Year	Capture (thousand t)	Aquaculture (thousand t)
2010	140.6	12.2
2011	181.5	22.3
2012	158.7	21.9
2013	163.1	23.9
2014	169.2	24.5
2015	165.2	19
2016	135.1	15.3
2017	154.9	13.1
2018	136.7	17
2019	131.3	20.3
2020	130.2	24.8
2021	141.3	28.5
2022	145.8	28.9
2023	129.5	58.1
2024	135.4	34.7

Year	Exports (US$ m)	Imports (US$ m)
2015	3,151	1,847.4
2016	3,182.5	1,778.6
2017	3,425.7	3,191.3
2018	3,513.3	2,475.8
2019	3,232.2	2,547
2020	3,565.7	2,630.7
2021	3,845.7	3,149.1
2022	4,030.3	3,486.6
2023	4,008.6	3,560.9
2024	4,338.9	3,306.5
2025	4,782.8	3,588.4

Year	Domestic production (thousand t)	Imports (thousand t)
2021	349.1	1,889.9
2022	368.7	1,676.6
2023	309.5	2,037
2024	311.8	2,314
2025	254.9	2,235.5

Year	Maize (KSh per 100 kg)	Wheat (KSh per 100 kg)
2021	3,003	4,298
2022	5,301	5,971
2023	6,117	5,044
2024	6,281	4,510
2025	7,005	5,090

Month	Maize (KSh per kg)
Mar 2021	37.4
Sep 2021	39.7
Mar 2022	47
Sep 2022	76.1
Mar 2023	79.4
Sep 2023	71.7
Mar 2024	57.1
Sep 2024	49.1
Mar 2025	56.8
Sep 2025	61.8

Year	Exports of coffee, tea & spices (09) (US$ m)	Exports of live plants & flowers (06) (US$ m)	Imports of cereals (10) (US$ m)	Imports of fats and oils (15) (US$ m)
2015	1,475.8	524.5	644.3	471.9
2016	1,453.5	555.9	494.6	520.5
2017	1,667.7	595.7	1,111.4	656.9
2018	1,617.4	625.8	843.2	567.7
2019	1,338.6	644	858	561.2
2020	1,469.1	635.1	797	864.5
2021	1,471.6	805.2	1,035.1	1,056
2022	1,730.9	693.8	1,203.2	1,155.4
2023	1,626.6	726.8	1,273	952.1
2024	1,724.7	795.8	1,225.5	979.5
2025	1,877.7	882.6	1,203	1,123.8

	Exports (US$ m)
Coffee, tea & spices (09)	1,877.7
Live plants & flowers (06)	882.6
Fats and oils (15)	393.2
Vegetables (07)	329.7
Fruit & nuts (08)	323.2
Meat (02)	175.1
Miscellaneous food preparations (21)	138.7
Fruit & vegetable preparations (20)	119.7
Tobacco (24)	82.9
Sugar & confectionery (17)	80.1

	Imports (US$ m)
Cereals (10)	1,203
Fats and oils (15)	1,123.8
Sugar & confectionery (17)	360.6
Food-industry residues & animal feed (23)	159.2
Miscellaneous food preparations (21)	156.2
Beverages & spirits (22)	126.8
Oilseeds (12)	91.1
Cereal, flour & bakery products (19)	65.4
Dairy, eggs & honey (04)	54.6
Vegetables (07)	42

Year	Small farms (KSh bn)	Large farms (20 ha and above) (KSh bn)
2021	389.8	143.5
2022	415.9	153.8
2023	471.8	172.7
2024	504.4	185.6
2025	505.5	200.5

Fiscal year	National government (KSh bn)	County governments (KSh bn)
2021/22	–	21
2022/23	77.4	18.5
2023/24	93.1	22
2024/25	88	20.8
2025/26	97	31.3

Year	Multi-produce (societies)	Dairy (societies)	Coffee (societies)	Other agricultural (societies)
2021	2,854	670	673	3,532
2022	2,854	689	688	3,667
2023	2,893	770	718	4,079
2024	2,906	862	767	4,675
2025	2,930	910	808	4,992

Crop year	Paddy (t)
2020/21	194,447
2021/22	206,526
2022/23	229,064
2023/24	285,439
2024/25	303,724

Statistics

Macro-economy & structure16 datasets

Production, trade & prices26 datasets

Value chains & food security13 datasets

Climate & environment11 datasets

Agricultural finance23 datasets

Sustainable finance4 datasets

Year	Mean temperature (°C)
2000	25.16
2001	25.03
2002	25.11
2003	25.28
2004	25.29
2005	25.62
2006	25.38
2007	25.38
2008	25.33
2009	25.76
2010	25.52
2011	25.52
2012	25.38
2013	25.24
2014	25.52
2015	25.76
2016	25.75
2017	25.85
2018	25.13
2019	25.92
2020	25.52
2021	25.84
2022	25.71
2023	25.66
2024	26.09
2025	25.85

Year	Long rains (March–May) (%)	Short rains (October–December) (%)
2015	14.3	43
2016	-0.3	-40.4
2017	-22.2	-10.3
2018	100.4	-11.6
2019	-30.4	91
2020	46.1	-17.7
2021	-32	-43.8
2022	-45.3	-53.8
2023	9.4	36.4
2024	28.8	-21.3

Year	Agriculture (MtCO2e)	Energy (MtCO2e)	Industrial processes (MtCO2e)	Waste (MtCO2e)
2010	42.5	19.7	1.8	2.2
2015	43.5	23.3	1.8	2.6
2018	45.8	25.9	1.8	2.7
2020	61.3	25.5	2.5	2.8
2021	54.6	27.4	3.7	2.9
2022	48.7	27.8	4.2	3
2023	53.3	27.9	4.1	3

Year	Enteric fermentation (kt CO2e)	Manure left on pasture (kt CO2e)	Manure management (kt CO2e)	Synthetic fertilizers (kt CO2e)
2010	27,923	12,082	1,059	435
2015	28,512	12,239	1,096	529
2020	40,005	17,223	1,574	1,075
2022	31,885	13,876	1,294	530
2023	34,791	15,017	1,416	919

Year	Forest area (thousand sq. km)
2010	38.8
2011	37.8
2012	36.8
2013	35.8
2014	34.8
2015	33.8
2016	34.3
2017	34.7
2018	35.1
2019	35.5
2020	35.9
2021	36.6
2022	37.2
2023	37.8
2024	38.5
2025	39.1

End of year	Gross loans to agriculture (KSh bn)
2010	49.4
2011	61.9
2012	65.1
2013	68.9
2014	80.2
2015	87.5
2016	93.7
2017	80
2018	90
2019	89.6
2020	108.1
2021	106.2
2022	126.5
2023	145.7
2024	180.6
2025	197.9

End of year	Loans to agriculture (US$ m)
2010	611.8
2011	728.1
2012	756.8
2013	798.6
2014	886.1
2015	854.8
2016	914.4
2017	774.7
2018	883.3
2019	884
2020	989.8
2021	938.7
2022	1,025
2023	931.3
2024	1,396.9
2025	1,534

End of year	KSh per US$ (KSh per US$)
2010	80.75
2011	85.07
2012	86
2013	86.31
2014	90.5
2015	102.31
2016	102.49
2017	103.23
2018	101.85
2019	101.34
2020	109.17
2021	113.14
2022	123.37
2023	156.46
2024	129.29
2025	129.01

Year	Lending rate (%)
2010	14.37
2011	15.05
2012	19.72
2013	17.31
2014	16.51
2015	16.09
2016	16.56
2017	13.67
2018	13.06
2019	12.44
2020	12
2021	12.08
2022	12.34
2023	13.59
2024	16.59

December	Registered accounts (million)
2010	16.4
2012	21.1
2014	25.2
2015	28.6
2016	35
2017	37.4
2018	47.7
2019	58.4
2020	66
2021	68
2022	73.1
2023	77.3
2024	82.4
2025	89.5