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Malawi · Sources

Sources & verification

Every source used in this profile. Each link was opened and checked at the access date shown. “Verified” means the figure was seen on the linked page; “landing page verified” means the page loads and holds the file (PDF or Excel) that contains the figure.

Sources
360
Verified
354
Landing page verified
6

ADMARC Limited

  • About ADMARC Limited and Warehousing pages (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · ADMARC Limited, head office Limbe, 11 divisions, network of 240 markets, 9 depots, owns 400,000 MT storage space, 3 cotton ginneries, 2 dhal processing plants, a rice mill and a groundnut factory. Provides contract farming inputs on credit for maize, rice, groundnuts, soya beans and cotton (FAQ page).
    https://admarc.co.mw/about/
  • New ADMARC Board pledges to Restore Food Security Role, 22 January 2026, and Committee to lobby for increased ADMARC funding, 18 February 2026 (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · New Board Chair Gray Nyandule Phiri. Warehousing capacity over 400,000 metric tonnes. Parliamentary Committee on Agriculture and Irrigation pledged to lobby for increased allocation, saying inadequate funding affects operations. ADMARC Limited described as a government-owned company. CEO Ben Botolo.
    https://admarc.co.mw/new-admarc-board-pledges-to-restore-food-security-role/
  • ADMARC drives cotton value chain, 19 December 2025 (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · 2024/2025 buying season ADMARC purchased 1,122 metric tonnes of cotton against a 10,000 MT target.
    https://admarc.co.mw/admarc-drives-cotton-value-chain/
  • ADMARC Limited website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026. In 2003 the ADMARC Act (1971) was repealed and ADMARC was incorporated as a limited liability company with government owning 99% of the shares; 11 divisional offices and over 240 markets; buys and sells maize, rice, cotton, beans, sesame, soya beans, pigeon peas, cowpeas and groundnuts; operates cotton ginneries and depots; warehouses with total storage capacity of 400,000 MT; commercial and social markets.
    https://admarc.co.mw/

Adaptation Fund

  • Smallholder Climate Resilience Project (SCRP), Malawi (project page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Implementing entity IFAD, executing entity Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, approval date shown as 04/10/2026, read as 10 April 2026 since the Fund's pages use month/day order (the WFP project page shows a revised completion date of 10/15/2025), amount approved US$20,000,000, transferred US$2,466,785, status Proposal Approved, sector agriculture, 7 years.
    https://www.adaptation-fund.org/project/smallholder-climate-resilience-project/
  • Adapting to Climate Change Through Integrated Risk Management Strategies and Enhanced Market Opportunities for Resilient Food Security and Livelihoods, Malawi (project page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Implementing entity WFP, executing entity MoAIWD, approval date shown as 10/11/2019 (11 October 2019, month/day order), start 06/11/2020, expected completion 06/11/2025, revised completion date 10/15/2025 (15 October 2025), grant USD 9,989,335 fully transferred, project completion report posted, status still shown as Project Under Implementation, sector food security, 5 years.
    https://www.adaptation-fund.org/project/adapting-to-climate-change-through-integrated-risk-management-strategies-and-enhanced-market-opportunities-for-resilient-food-security-and-livelihoods/

African Development Bank (copy on ReliefWeb)

  • AfDB Group and ARC Group issue US$11.2 million insurance payout to the Government of Malawi, originally published 19 Aug 2024 (web page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · US$11.2 million cheque presented 2 Aug 2024 in Lilongwe for the El Nino drought, financed by AfDB through the African Development Fund and the ADRiFi Multi-Donor Trust Fund. Funds for food assistance to an estimated 235,000 households (Lower Shire and Southern regions) and cash transfers to 118,000 households (Central region), more than 350,000 households. Original press release on the AfDB website, https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/african-development-bank-group-and-african-risk-capacity-group-issue-112-million-insurance-payout-government-malawi-73593 , which shows a Cloudflare check to scripted clients and was not opened. The ReliefWeb copy is cited.
    https://reliefweb.int/report/malawi/african-development-bank-group-and-african-risk-capacity-group-issue-112-million-insurance-payout-government-malawi

African Risk Capacity Group

Agricultural Commodity Exchange for Africa

  • ACE in Focus, Building structured agricultural trade in Malawi, collection of articles 2023-2025, October 2025 (PDF hosted by AFM)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Warehouse receipt system status, 126 certified storage sites with capacity 595,552 MT (including 35 owned by farmer organisations). From the 2022/23 season to the 2024/25 season 557,322 MT of commodity deposited, eight banks financed K221 billion worth of warehouse receipts (cumulative, three seasons). WRS launched by ACE in 2011. Market Maker 2025/26 charges K9,500/MT handling and K160/MT/day storage, 1% ACE margin. Refers to the Warehouse Receipt Act of 2018 (date of gazette publication) and the 2017 India pigeon pea import restriction which cut prices by 80%.
    https://afmorg.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/ACE-building-structured-markets.pdf
  • ACE website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read via WebFetch 17 Oct 2026: ACE's journey began in 2004 when NASFAM conceived the idea; ACE was born in 2006; 53 warehouses with 225,884 metric tonnes of storage for third-party deposits, including 29 rural warehouses; services include market information, warehouse receipts, BVO/OVO auctions, a trade platform and the ACE Commodity Fund; press release of 8 April 2020 reports a commodities exchange licence from the Registrar of Financial Institutions.
    https://www.aceafrica.org/

BMZ / GIZ (IATI record via d-portal)

  • More Income and Employment in Rural Areas in selected sectors, DE-1-202322733 (XML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Reporting org BMZ; implementer GIZ; partner Ministry of Industry; start 2024-11-08, planned end 2028-01-31; status implementation; commitment transaction EUR 7,000,000 dated 2024-11-08; budgets EUR 314,673.19 (2024), 2,167,088.95 (2025, 2026, 2027 each), 178,116.90 (2028); expenditure transactions in 2025 of EUR 359,874.54, 653,937.84, 631,820.86 and 674,844.87 (quarters).
    https://d-portal.org/q.xml?aid=DE-1-202322733

BMZ / KfW (IATI record via d-portal)

  • Private Sector Development for More Income and Employment in Rural Areas IV, DE-1-202167443 (XML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Reporting org BMZ; implementer KfW; partner UNDP; start 2023-10-17, planned end 2028-08-31; commitment EUR 6,000,000 dated 2023-10-17; disbursements EUR 2,000,000 each at 2023-12-31, 2024-12-31 and 2025-12-31. Objective: private enterprises use financing through the Green Economic Transition Facility (GETF) to invest in green business solutions.
    https://d-portal.org/q.xml?aid=DE-1-202167443

Cotton Council of Malawi

  • Cotton Council of Malawi website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026. Divisions: AgriBusiness, Research and Development, Standards Inspection, Knowledge and Learning. News item: minimum farm gate price K1,500; over 13,599 hectares cultivated and about 22,894 metric tonnes expected; strategy to raise production to 50,000 metric tonnes (season not stated on the page).
    https://cottoncouncil.mw/

Department of Disaster Management Affairs (FAOLEX copy)

Department of Fisheries (FAOLEX copy)

Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Government of India (copy on TaxGuru)

FAO FAOLEX (Laws.Africa consolidated copy)

  • Greenbelt Authority Act, 2017, Act 23 of 2017 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Consolidated as at 31 December 2017 (akn 2017/23). Long title: designation of the Greenbelt area and establishment of the Greenbelt Authority. s.1: commencement on a date appointed by the Minister by Gazette notice.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw219929.pdf
  • Cotton Act, Chapter 65:04 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Laws.Africa consolidated text as at 31 December 2014, FRBR /akn/mw/act/2013/1. Long title: establishment of the Cotton Council; regulation, improvement and development of the cotton industry. Part II The Cotton Council of Malawi.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw117872.pdf
  • Agriculture (General Purposes) Act, Chapter 65:05 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Consolidated as at 31 December 2014, /akn/mw/act/1987/11. Long title: miscellaneous provisions for the general regulation of the agriculture industry. s.2 agricultural crop excludes tobacco, cotton and declared special crops with an authority.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw117642.pdf

FAO FAOLEX (copy of Malawi Government text)

  • Tobacco Industry Act, 2019, Act No. 10 of 2019 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 22nd February, 2019, Act No. 10 of 2019, assent 19th February, 2019 (Mutharika). Long title: regulation, promotion and development of the tobacco industry; establishment of the Tobacco Commission (Part II). Parts on seed varieties and pesticides, contract and non-contract marketing; growers register with the Commission by 30 September each year. s.114(1) repeals the Tobacco Act (Cap. 65:02) and the Control of Tobacco Auction Floors Act (Cap. 65:03). s.1 contains no separate commencement provision.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw211199.pdf
  • Fertilizer Act, 2023, Act No. 13 of 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 21st February, 2023, Act No. 13 of 2023, assent 18th February, 2023 (Chakwera). Long title: establishment of the Malawi Fertilizer Regulatory Authority; registration of fertilizers approved for use; regulation of manufacturing, production, blending, distribution, importation and exportation of fertilizer. s.1: comes into force on such date as the Minister may appoint by notice in the Gazette.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw219891.pdf
  • Disaster Risk Management Act, 2023, Act No. 27 of 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 7C) 21st July, 2023: Published 21st July, 2023, Act No. 27 of 2023, assent 7th June, 2023. Long title: disaster preparedness, risk reduction, response and recovery; National Disaster Risk Management Committee and Technical Sub-Committee; office of Commissioner for Disaster Risk Management. s.1: comes into force on a date appointed by the Minister by Gazette notice. s.57 repeals and savings.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw233520.pdf
  • Land Act, 2016, Act No. 16 of 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 2nd September, 2016, Act No. 16 of 2016, assent 1st September, 2016. Long title: to make provision for land in Malawi. s.1: comes into operation on a date appointed by the Minister by Gazette notice.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw170885.pdf
  • Water Resources Act, 2013, Act No. 2 of 2013 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 19th April, 2013, Act No. 2 of 2013, assent 9th April, 2013 (Joyce Banda). Long title: management, conservation, use and control of water resources; acquisition and regulation of rights to use water. s.1: commencement by Ministerial notice; s.162 repeal and savings.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw167598.pdf
  • Microfinance Act, 2010, Act No. 21 of 2010 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 30th July, 2010, Act No. 21 of 2010, assent 29th July, 2010 (Bingu wa Mutharika). Long title: regulation and supervision of microfinance services. s.1: commencement by Ministerial notice; s.58 compliance by existing microfinance service providers.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw154200.pdf
  • Fisheries Conservation and Management Act, 1997 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 28th November, 1997. Long title: regulation, conservation and management of the fisheries of Malawi. s.1: commencement by Ministerial notice.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw18341.pdf
  • Plant Protection Act, 2018, Act No. 19 of 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 24th August, 2018, Act No. 19 of 2018, assent 20th August, 2018; establishes the Plant Protection Unit; s.30 repeal and savings.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw218828.pdf

FAO FAOLEX (copy of consolidated text)

  • Cooperative Societies Act, Chapter 47:02 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Long title: to consolidate the law relating to the constitution and regulation of cooperative societies; date in brackets [1st April 2000]. Part II Registration, s.3 Registrar and assistant registrars.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw117870.pdf
  • Special Crops Act, Chapter 65:01 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Act 27 of 1963. Long title: development and marketing of special crops and establishment of Special Crop Authorities; date [7th September 1963]. s.4 Authority for special crops; s.6 licences.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw118076.pdf
  • Pesticides Act, Chapter 35:03 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Long title: control and management of the import, export, manufacture, distribution, storage, disposal and use of pesticides; establishment of a Pesticides Control Board; date [1st May 2002]. s.10 Registrar; s.13 levy.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw118068.pdf

FAO Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture

  • GIEWS Country Brief Malawi, reference date 16 December 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · States 4 million people projected in IPC Phase 3 or above October 2025 to March 2026 including about 8 000 in IPC Phase 4, below the 5.7 million in Phase 3 or above in the 2024/25 lean season. Two consecutive below-average harvests in 2024 and 2025. National average maize retail price in Oct-Nov 2025 declined but remained 36 percent higher year on year. Maize import needs in 2025/26 marketing year (April/March) above average, to be sourced from Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia.
    https://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country/MWI/pdf/MWI.pdf

Famine Early Warning Systems Network

  • Malawi Food Security Outlook Update August 2026 - January 2027, information as of 28 August 2026 (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Maize national average 740 MWK/kg June 2026 to 775 MWK/kg July 2026. NFRA strategic grain reserve 82,000 MT carried over plus 13,000 MT procured in July, purchasing at government-fixed minimum price 900 MWK/kg, targeting 108,000 MT. ADMARC resumed maize purchases in June. Tobacco Commission revised production estimates down over 20 percent, unit price from 2.55 to 2.02 USD/kg. Number of FISP beneficiaries expected to decline from around 1.0 million to approximately 600,000 for 2026/27 (FEWS NET assumption). Tobacco sales revenue 2026 expected about 50 percent below last year.
    https://fews.net/southern-africa/malawi/food-security-outlook-update/august-2026
  • Malawi Key Message Update January 2026 (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Government planned to import 200,000 MT of maize from Zambia between November 2025 and March 2026, more than 16,000 MT delivered by mid-January. ADMARC entered lean season with 10,000 MT carryover. Maize average 1,172.79 MWK/kg Nov-Dec 2025 across 27 IFPRI markets. Headline inflation 26 percent December 2025.
    https://fews.net/southern-africa/malawi/key-message-update/january-2026
  • Malawi Food Security Outlook October 2024 - May 2025 (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 1 Third-round national crop production estimates 2023/24 (source Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security), production mt third round 2023/24, second round 2023/24, third round 2022/23. Maize 2,712,578 / 2,926,190 / 3,509,837 (-7.3% vs R2, -22.7% vs 2023). Rice 126,981 / 138,711 / 124,344. Millet 33,596 / 37,930 / 49,631. Sorghum 81,402 / 102,195 / 126,333. Groundnuts 277,591 / 411,279 / 468,045. Cotton 6,147 / 8,175 / 13,822. Sesame 11,031 / 15,031 / 9,686. Sunflower 12,954 / 16,167 / 15,674. Wheat 364 / 362 / 190. NFRA carryover 15,000 MT, ADMARC purchased 31,000 MT and NFRA 35,000 MT by end August 2024. Informal maize imports about 100,000 MT April-August 2024 mainly from Tanzania. August 2024 national maize 787 MWK/kg. FEWS NET expected 4 to 5 million in Crisis Jan-Mar 2025.
    https://fews.net/southern-africa/malawi/food-security-outlook/october-2024
  • Malawi Food Security Outlook June 2024 - January 2025 (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Second-round 2023/24 maize estimate 2,926,190 MT versus 3,509,837 MT last year (17 percent decrease) and five-year average 3,797,096 MT. Over 1 million ha affected by dry spells, about 700,000 ha by fall armyworm, 11,374 ha by floods and hailstorms. State of disaster declared March 2024, appeal for an estimated 9 million people. NFRA 15,000 MT in June 2024, target 82,000 MT purchases versus 217,000 MT minimum threshold. Government allocated 22 billion MWK to NFRA for restocking and World Bank 30 million USD to ADMARC and NFRA. May 2024 retail maize 610 MWK/kg versus five-year average 263 MWK. Cotton production 70 percent and soybeans about 30 percent below five-year average.
    https://fews.net/southern-africa/malawi/food-security-outlook/june-2024

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

  • FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (QCL), bulk download, All_Data and Africa CSV files, release dated 23 Dec 2025 (ZIP/CSV)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Malawi area code 130. Flags A official, E estimated, I imputed, X figure from external organization. Maize production t 2010 3419409, 2011 3699147, 2012 3618699, 2013 3639866, 2014 3978123, 2015 2776277, 2016 2369493, 2017 3464139, 2018 2697959, 2019 3391924, 2020 3691866, 2021 4581000, 2022 3716479, 2023 3509837, 2024 3000000[X]. Maize area harvested ha 2010 1696270, 2011 1675377, 2012 1650000, 2013 1676758, 2014 1704528, 2015 1676213, 2016 1674076, 2017 1725367, 2018 1685347, 2019 1732516, 2020 1761836, 2021 1859995, 2022 1814931, 2023 1790000[X], 2024 1500000[X]. Maize yield kg/ha 2010 2015.8 ... 2021 2462.9, 2022 2047.7, 2023 1960.8[E], 2024 2000.0[X]. Unmanufactured tobacco t 2023 120056, 2024 119957.29[I]. Pigeon peas t 2023 456033, 2024 473662.07[I]. Groundnuts excluding shelled t 2023 468045, 2024 350000[X]. Soya beans t 2023 235487, 2024 305000[X]. Beans dry t 2024 239773.51[I]. Rice t 2024 127000. Cassava t 2024 6278880.49[I]. Sweet potatoes t 2024 7980472.78[I]. Tea leaves t 2024 247669.75[I] (green leaf, estimated/imputed). Sugar cane t 2024 2965639.29[I]. Seed cotton t 2024 24398.01[I]. Raw cane sugar t 2023 221104[X]. Cattle head 2024 2307952[I], goats 13790630[I], pigs 12140948[I], sheep 436701[I], chickens 20039 thousand[E]. Raw cattle milk t 2024 71318.05[I]. No separate macadamia item (Other nuts n.e.c. 2024 4957.39 t [E]). Full 2010-2024 series in prod-findings.md. The FAOSTAT API at fenixservices.fao.org returned error 521 on 17 Oct 2026, so the bulk file was used.
    https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data.zip
  • FAOSTAT QCL all-countries bulk file used for own-calculation world ranks, release 23 Dec 2025 (CSV)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Own calculation, countries only (area codes below 5000, aggregate China code 351 excluded, China mainland kept), element Production. 2024 ranks for Malawi: pigeon peas 2 of 26 (India 3510869.73 t first, Malawi 473662.07 t), sweet potatoes 2 of 112 (China mainland first), unmanufactured tobacco 8 of 130 (world total code 5000 6048229.88 t), tea leaves 12 of 47, groundnuts 22 of 108, soya beans 19 of 108, cassava 16 of 97, beans dry 23 of 106, cow peas 16 of 41, maize 37 of 169, sugar cane 37 of 94. 2023 ranks pigeon peas 2 of 26, sweet potatoes 2 of 112, tobacco 9 of 132, tea 12 of 47, groundnuts 20 of 109. Africa 2024 tobacco ranking, Zimbabwe 236815 t, Malawi 119957.29 t (second in Africa). Malawi share of world pigeon pea production 2024 10.17% (473662.07/4657959.13) and tobacco 1.98% (119957.29/6048229.88), own calculation. Note the 2024 Malawi values are flagged imputed or external.
    https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data.zip
  • Emissions totals (GT domain), Africa bulk file, Malawi rows (area code 130), 1961-2023 (CSV in ZIP)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Source FAO TIER 1, element Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5), unit kt. IPCC Agriculture 1990 2217.38, 2000 2520.34, 2010 4392.52, 2015 5758.90, 2020 8840.00, 2021 8959.70, 2022 9060.21, 2023 10668.17. Enteric fermentation 2010 1597.28, 2020 3523.97, 2023 4013.98. Manure management 2023 1452.18. Manure left on pasture 2023 2061.99. Manure applied to soils 2023 803.27. Synthetic fertilizers 2010 532.65, 2020 700.26, 2021 571.58, 2022 349.85, 2023 1511.77. Rice cultivation 2023 155.04. Crop residues 2023 264.97. Burning crop residues 2023 174.46. Drained organic soils 2023 870.83. Net forest conversion 2023 7068.32. LULUCF 2023 8113.32. Farm gate 2023 11534.60. Agrifood systems 2023 20708.65. All sectors with LULUCF 2023 25359.57, without LULUCF 2023 17246.25. Emissions from livestock 2023 8331.40, from crops 2023 2106.27.
    https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Emissions_Totals_E_Africa.zip
  • Land use (RL domain), Africa bulk file, Malawi rows (area code 130), 1961-2025 (CSV in ZIP)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Unit 1000 ha. Country area 11848.4 (2023), land area 9428. Forest land 1990 3501.76, 2000 3081.70, 2010 2661.70, 2015 2451.70, 2020 2241.70, 2021 2199.70, 2022 2157.70, 2023 2115.70, 2024 2073.70, 2025 2031.70. Forest share of land area 1990 37.14%, 2010 28.23%, 2020 23.78%, 2024 22.00%. Naturally regenerating forest 2025 1972.67, planted forest 2025 59.03. Carbon stock in forest living biomass 2010 122.17, 2025 93.25 million t. Agricultural land 2024 6132.19, cropland 2024 4282.19 (45.42% of land area). Land area equipped for irrigation 1990 20.0, 2000 55.0, 2010 87.148, 2015 115.6233, 2020 146.9523, 2021 157.2923, 2022 157.2923, 2023 157.29, 2024 157.29 (3.67% of cropland 2024). Agriculture area actually irrigated: no values. Forest values for 2021-2025 move by an identical 42.0 per year, i.e. interpolated/projected by FRA.
    https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_Africa.zip

Government of Malawi

  • Updated Nationally Determined Contributions, July 2021 (PDF copy on Climate Policy Radar)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Original URL https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Malawi%20Updated%20NDC%20July%202021%20submitted.pdf (UNFCCC site not loadable by script). Submitted 30 July 2021 (date as cited in the Carbon Market Framework 2025). Emissions excluding FOLU 9.33 million tCO2e in 2017 (agriculture 5.07, 54%; energy 2.34, 25%; waste 1.67, 18%; IPPU 0.24). BAU rises to 34.6 million tCO2e in 2040. Unconditional 6% below BAU in 2040 (2.1 million tCO2e), conditional additional 45% (15.6 million tCO2e), combined 51% (17.7 million tCO2e), single-year target 2040, gases CO2, CH4, N2O, scope excludes FOLU. Indicative FOLU contribution 59.8 million tCO2e on up to 2 million ha (22% unconditional, 78% conditional). Costs Table ES-2 (US$ million): mitigation 41,782 (unconditional 8,974, conditional 32,808), adaptation 4,547 (unconditional 2,128, conditional 2,419), combined 46,329; unconditional about 24%, conditional about 76%. Agriculture measures include conservation agriculture crop residue and rotation US$472 million (uc 236, c 236), conservation tillage under US$1 million, efficient fertiliser use and manure management US$369 million.
    https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/MWI/1900/malawi-first-ndc-updated-submission_2ba2aa919d8284377798f28dbd9fdd8d.pdf
  • Malawi's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), final version dated 17 June 2026 (PDF copy on Climate Policy Radar)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Cover pages dated 17 June 2026 and May 2026; foreword by Patricia Wiskes, Minister of Natural Resources; the acknowledgement names the Environmental Affairs Department in the Ministry of Natural Resources (Section 4.1 still refers to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Climate Change). Original file on UNFCCC (from search index, not loadable by script) https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2026-07/NDC3.0%20Malawi_17June2026_Final%20Version.pdf. Targets relative to BAU, all sectors incl. FOLU: unconditional 8% (2030), 12% (2035), 13% (2040); conditional 21%, 35%, 41%; combined UC+C 30%, 48%, 54% (one passage says 53% for 2040). Targets set for 2030 and 2035 with an indicative 2040 trajectory. Text gives BAU 96 MtCO2e in 2030, 73.4 in 2035, 82.2 in 2040, while Table 1 gives BAU 2022 70.8, 2035 101.6, 2040 108.3 (internally inconsistent). Sector targets: Energy (incl. transport) UC 17/23/23%, C 40/54/54%; AFOLU UC 6/8/7%, C 19/34/45%; Waste UC 3/9/11%, C 4/14/16%; IPPU C 33/48/62%. Financing need 2025-2035 US$7,058 million (adaptation 2,843, mitigation 4,214; unconditional 2,780 = 39%, conditional 4,278 = 61%). Agriculture outcomes: conservation agriculture 240,000 ha by 2030, 100,000 ha agroforestry, 10,000 biogas digesters by 2030, post-harvest losses reduced 30% in priority chains. Inventory (BTR1) 2022: total with FOLU 71,966.7 Gg CO2e, without FOLU 25,261.3, agriculture 5,714.19, FOLU 46,705.4, waste 17,547.9, energy 1,810.16, IPPU 188.316. Base year 2022. Previous NDC described as 51% by 2040 (6% UC, 45% C).
    https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/MWI/2026/malawi-nationally-determined-contribution-ndc3-0_5d7e29d2975fe73cb82128a08450eaa1.pdf

Government of Malawi (FAOLEX copy)

  • National Irrigation Policy 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Irrigation potential 407,862 hectares, of which about 148,850 hectares developed (36.5% of potential). States the Malawi Irrigation Board and Irrigation Fund under the Irrigation Act 2001 were largely not operational during NIP 2016 owing to budget limitations; footnote: the Irrigation Bill 2024 approved by Cabinet repeals the Irrigation Act 2001.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw232998.pdf

Government of Malawi (Gazettes.Africa copy)

  • Malawi Gazette Supplement No. 2C, 27 January 2017, containing Acts (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Contains Acts published 27th January, 2017 with assent 20th January, 2017, including the Registered Land (Amendment) Act No. 7 of 2017 and the Forestry (Amendment) Act 2017 (commencement by Ministerial notice).
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2017/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2017-01-27-no-2C.pdf
  • Malawi Gazette Supplement No. 5C, 24 August 2018, containing Acts – Plant Protection Act, 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Plant Protection Act No. 19 of 2018: Published 24th August, 2018, assent 20th August, 2018. Long title: protection of plants, establishment of the Plant Protection Unit, eradication of pests and diseases, prevention of introduction and spread of pests. Commencement by Ministerial notice.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2018/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-08-24-no-5C.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 17 of 2018 – Customary Land Act notice of commencement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 8A) dated 13th April, 2018: Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development appoints 1st March, 2018 as the date on which the Customary Land Act (Act No. 19 of 2016) shall be deemed to have come into operation. Made 1st March, 2018.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2018/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-04-13-no-8A.pdf
  • Government Notices No. 36 and 37 of 2018 – Physical Planning Act and Registered Land (Amendment) Act commencement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary Supplement (No. 12A) 15th May, 2018. GN 36: Physical Planning Act 2016 (No. 17 of 2016) deemed to come into operation on 20th April, 2018. GN 37: Registered Land (Amendment) Act 2017 (No. 7 of 2017), save for sections 2(g) and 3, deemed to come into operation on 20th April, 2018. Both made 9th May, 2018.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2018/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-05-15-no-12A.pdf
  • Government Notices No. 24-29 of 2022 – commencement of the 2022 land law amendments (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 14A) 1st July, 2022. GN 18 is the Public Finance Management (Kamuzu Central Hospital Treasury Fund) Order 2022 made under s.44 of the PFM Act (No. 4 of 2022), deemed in operation 1st April, 2022. Minister of Lands appoints 1st July, 2022 as commencement date of: Land (Amendment) Act No. 5 of 2022 (GN 24); Land Survey (Amendment) Act No. 11 of 2022 (GN 25); Physical Planning (Amendment) Act No. 12 of 2022 (GN 26); Registered Land (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2022 (GN 27); Lands Acquisition and Compensation (Amendment) Act No. 14 of 2022 (GN 28); Customary Land (Amendment) Act No. 15 of 2022 (GN 29). All made 28th June, 2022.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2022/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2022-07-01-no-14A.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 19 of 2024 – Seed Act notice of commencement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary Supplement 5th April, 2024: Minister of Agriculture appoints 1st April, 2024 as the date on which the Seed Act (No. 21 of 2022) shall come into force. Dated 26th March, 2024.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2024/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2024-04-05-no-61.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 32 of 2025 – Insurance Act notice of commencement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary, Malawi Gazette Supplement (No. 12A) dated 29th April, 2025, p.171. Heading: Insurance Act (No. 6 of 2025). The Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs appoints 1st May, 2025 as the date on which the Act comes into operation, under section 1 of the Insurance Act, 2024 (as the text of the notice reads). Dated 15th April, 2025. MalawiLII lists it as Insurance Act, 2025: Commencement.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2025/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2025-04-29-no-12a.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 75 of 2025 – Irrigation Act notice of commencement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary Supplement (No. 24A) 1st August, 2025: Minister of Agriculture appoints 1st August, 2025 as the date on which the Irrigation Act (No. 29 of 2024) shall come into operation. Made 28th July, 2025.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2025/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2025-08-01-no-24a.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 32 of 2021 – Control of Goods (Export Mandate) Regulations, 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 16A) 4th June, 2021. Made by the Minister of Trade under s.4 of the Control of Goods Act (Cap. 18:08). reg.4: a person shall not, unless exempted, export grains, legumes or oil seeds listed in the Schedule unless the transaction is done through, or certified by, a licensed commodity exchange; objectives include tracking and repatriation of export proceeds.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2021/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2021-06-04-no-16A.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 63 of 2021 – Control of Goods (Export of Maize and Maize Products) Order, 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary Supplement (No. 35A) 23rd December, 2021. Made under s.4(1)(c) of the Control of Goods Act, 2018 after a review under s.9(1)(a)(i) and the Control of Goods (Public Interest Grounds Thresholds) Regulations 2020, noting the food balance sheet above national requirements and domestic prices below export parity. Any person may export maize under a licence from the Secretary for Trade; application requires a letter of authority from the Ministry of Agriculture; licence valid three months; exporter to report export proceeds after 180 days.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2021/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2021-12-23-no-35A.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 28 of 2025 – Tobacco Industry (Tobacco Minimum Prices) Order, 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary Supplement (No. 10A) 8th April, 2025. Heading: Tobacco Industry Act (No. 5 of 2024); made under s.69(1) of the Tobacco Industry Act, 2024; minimum prices in US$ per kg for the 2024/2025 growing season by grade (burley schedule Part A); revokes GN 23 of 2024.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2025/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2025-04-08-no-10a.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 100 of 2025 – Disaster Risk Management (Natural Calamities) (Disaster Declaration) Notice, 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 32A) 14th November, 2025. Made by the President under s.37(1) of the Disaster Risk Management Act (No. 27 of 2023): state of disaster declared for areas affected by El Nino induced prolonged dry spells in the 2024/2025 rainy season; Schedule lists cities and districts including Blantyre, Balaka, Chikwawa, Dedza, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Mangochi, Mzimba, Nsanje, Zomba and others.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2025/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2025-11-14-no-32a.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 87 of 2018 – Environment Management (Climate Change Fund) Regulations, 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 29A) 12th December, 2018. reg.3 establishes, under the Environment Management Fund, a special Fund known as the Climate Change Fund; reg.4 objectives include financing climate change adaptation, mitigation, capacity building, research and technology transfer; reg.5 sources include moneys appropriated by the National Assembly.
    https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/mw/2018/mw-government-gazette-supplement-dated-2018-12-12-no-29A.pdf

Government of Malawi (Laws.Africa Commons copy)

  • Warehouse Receipts Act, 2017, Act No. 3 of 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Page 1: Published 2nd February 2018, Act No. 3 of 2018, assent 24th January, 2018 (Mutharika). Long title: to provide for warehouse receipts and warehousing, the negotiation and transfer of warehouse receipts. s.1 cited as the Warehouse Receipts Act, 2017 and shall come into force on a day the Minister may appoint by notice in the Gazette.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2018/3/media/publication/mw-act-2018-3-publication-document.pdf
  • Control of Goods Act, 2018, Act No. 15 of 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 4C) 29th June 2018: Published 29th June, 2018, Act No. 15 of 2018, assent 16th June, 2018. Long title: to regulate the import into and export out of Malawi of certain classes of goods. s.1 shall come into operation on a date the Minister shall appoint by notice in the Gazette. s.16(1) repeals the Control of Goods Act (Cap. 18:08); regulations, orders and licences under the repealed Act are saved.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2018/15/media/publication/mw-act-2018-15-publication-document.pdf
  • Customary Land Act, 2016, Act No. 19 of 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 2nd September, 2016, Act No. 19 of 2016, assent 1st September, 2016. Long title: to provide for the management and administration of customary land. Commencement on a date appointed by the Minister by Gazette notice. s.54 repeals the Customary Land (Development) Act (Cap. 59:01) and the Local Land Boards Act (Cap. 59:02).
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2016/19/media/publication/mw-act-2016-19-publication-document.pdf
  • Physical Planning Act, 2016, Act No. 17 of 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 2nd September, 2016, Act No. 17 of 2016, assent 1st September, 2016. Long title: physical planning and orderly development of land in urban and rural areas, permission to develop land, establishment of the Physical Planning Council and the Physical Planners Board. Commencement by Ministerial notice.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2016/17/media/publication/mw-act-2016-17-publication-document.pdf
  • Environment Management Act, 2016, Act No. 19 of 2017 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (5C) 5th May 2017: Published 5th May, 2017, Act No. 19 of 2017, assent 30th April, 2017. Short title Environment Management Act, 2016. Long title: protection and management of the environment and conservation and sustainable utilization of natural resources.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2017/19/media/publication/mw-act-2017-19-publication-document.pdf
  • Public Finance Management Act, 2022, Act No. 4 of 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 31st March, 2022, Act No. 4 of 2022, assent 31st March, 2022 (Chakwera). Long title: legal and institutional framework for public finance management, preparation and implementation of the national budget, transparency and accountability in public resources.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2022/4/media/publication/mw-act-2022-4-publication-document.pdf
  • Land (Amendment) Act, 2022, Act No. 5 of 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 31st March, 2022, Act No. 5 of 2022, assent 31st March, 2022. Amends Cap. 57:01: new definitions of customary land, customary law, freehold land and Government land; replaces ss.3, 7, 37 and 39; inserts ss.9A, 9B, 20A, 44A and 44B; repeals s.38. Commencement by Ministerial notice.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2022/5/media/publication/mw-act-2022-5-publication-document.pdf
  • Forestry (Amendment) Act, 2019, Act No. 7 of 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 2C) 19th June 2020: Published 19th June, 2020, Act No. 7 of 2020, assent 11th June, 2020. Short title Forestry (Amendment) Act, 2019. s.2 inserts charcoal into the definition of forest produce in the Forestry Act (Cap. 63:01); further amendments to s.5 and later sections.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2020/7/media/publication/mw-act-2020-7-publication-document.pdf
  • Financial Services (Amendment) Act, 2025, Act No. 5 of 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 31st January, 2025, Act No. 5 of 2025, assent 24th January, 2025 (Chakwera). Short title Financial Services (Amendment) Act, 2025. Amends the Financial Services Act (Cap. 44:05): s.2 definitions (deletes Appeals Committee definition, amends financial crime definition), inserts a new s.2A on the application of other laws, and amends or replaces some 60 sections from s.3 to s.108, including ss.3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 20, 21, 23, 26, 27 and 29. The Registrar's 2025 annual report calls it the Financial Services (Amendment) Act, 2024.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2025/5/media/publication/mw-act-2025-5-publication-document.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 73 of 2019 – Environment Management Act notice of commencement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 22A) 1st November, 2019: Minister of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining appoints 1st November, 2019 as the date the Environment Management Act (No. 19 of 2017) comes into operation. Made 29th October, 2019.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/gn/2019/73/media/publication/mw-act-gn-2019-73-publication-document.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 41 of 2020 – Greenbelt Authority Act notice of commencement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 21A) 7th August, 2020: Minister of Agriculture appoints 10th August, 2020 as the date the Greenbelt Authority Act, 2017 comes into operation. Made 4th August, 2020.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/gn/2020/41/media/publication/mw-act-gn-2020-41-publication-document.pdf
  • Government Notices No. 67-69 of 2020 – commencement of Plant Protection, Plant Breeder's Rights and Cannabis Regulation Acts (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary Supplement (No. 28A) 28th August, 2020: Minister of Agriculture appoints 31st August, 2020 as commencement date of the Plant Protection Act (No. 19 of 2018) [GN 67], the Plant Breeder's Rights Act (No. 20 of 2018) [GN 68] and the Cannabis Regulation Act (No. 6 of 2020) [GN 69]. Dated 28th August, 2020.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/gn/2020/67/media/publication/mw-act-gn-2020-67-publication-document.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 19 of 2020 – Agriculture (General Purposes) (Minimum Prices for Agricultural Crops) Regulations, 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Extraordinary Supplement (No. 10A) 19th May, 2020. Made under s.2(3) of Cap. 65:05 by the Minister of Agriculture and Food Security: licensed buyers under the Agriculture Produce (Marketing) Regulations must pay the Schedule minimum prices (Kwacha per kilogram) for the 2019/20 growing season; buying below the minimum price is an offence and the Minister shall revoke the licence. (Schedule figures not transcribed because the text layer is disordered.)
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/gn/2020/19/media/publication/mw-act-gn-2020-19-publication-document.pdf
  • Government Notice No. 23 of 2024 – Tobacco Industry (Tobacco Minimum Prices) Order, 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 12A) 12th April, 2024. Heading: Tobacco Industry Act (No. 5 of 2024). Made under s.69(1) of the Tobacco Industry Act, 2024 by the Minister of Agriculture; minimum prices for the 2023/2024 growing season; a buyer shall not buy below the Schedule price.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/gn/2024/23/media/publication/mw-act-gn-2024-23-publication-document.pdf
  • IDA (Malawi Agricultural Commercialization Project) Loan (Authorization) Act, 2018, Act No. 4 of 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 2nd February 2018, Act No. 4 of 2018, assent 24th January, 2018. Authorizes borrowing from IDA not exceeding SDR 70,100,000 for the Malawi Agricultural Commercialization Project.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2018/4/media/publication/mw-act-2018-4-publication-document.pdf
  • IFAD (FARMSE Programme) Loan (Authorization) Act, 2018, Act No. 12 of 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 11 May 2018, Act No. 12 of 2018. Authorizes borrowing from IFAD of USD 21,000,000 for the Financial Access for Rural Markets, Smallholders and Enterprise (FARMSE) Programme.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2018/12/media/publication/mw-act-2018-12-publication-document.pdf
  • IFAD (TRADE) Loan (Authorization and Ratification) Act, 2020, Act No. 2 of 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 8th May, 2020, Act No. 2 of 2020, assent 30th April, 2020. Ratifies an IFAD loan agreement dated 20th December, 2019 not exceeding SDR 37,050,000, to finance part of the Transforming Agriculture through Diversification and Entrepreneurship (TRADE) Programme.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2020/2/media/publication/mw-act-2020-2-publication-document.pdf
  • OPEC Fund (TRADE) Loan (Authorization) Act, 2020, Act No. 10 of 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 3rd November, 2020, Act No. 10 of 2020, assent 31st October, 2020. Authorizes borrowing of US$20,000,000 from the OPEC Fund for International Development for the TRADE programme.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2020/10/media/publication/mw-act-2020-10-publication-document.pdf
  • IDA (Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Scaling Project) Loan (Authorization) Act, 2020, Act No. 23 of 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 13th November, 2020, Act No. 23 of 2020, assent 11th November, 2020. Authorizes borrowing from IDA of SDR 62,700,000 for FInES.
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2020/23/media/publication/mw-act-2020-23-publication-document.pdf
  • IDA (Additional Financing for Malawi Resilience and Disaster Risk Management Project) Loan (Authorization and Ratification) Act, 2020, Act No. 12 of 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Published 3rd November, 2020, Act No. 12 of 2020, assent 31st October, 2020. Ratifies an IDA financing agreement dated 22nd May, 2020 for a credit and grant (amount stated in the text as SDR 58,200,000; the words read seventy million two hundred thousand, an internal inconsistency in the gazette text).
    https://commons.laws.africa/akn/mw/act/2020/12/media/publication/mw-act-2020-12-publication-document.pdf

Government of Malawi (Malawi Gazette Supplement, copy on Climate Policy Radar)

  • Disaster Risk Management Act, 2023 (Act No. 27 of 2023) (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Assent by President Lazarus Chakwera 7 June 2023; published in the Malawi Gazette Supplement dated 21 July 2023. Section 1 says the Act shall come into force on such date as the Minister may appoint by notice published in the Gazette (commencement notice not found). Establishes National Disaster Risk Management Committee, office of the Commissioner for Disaster Risk Management, powers during a state of disaster, Part IX Disaster Risk Management Trust Fund, section 57 repeals and savings.
    https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/MWI/2023/disaster-risk-management-act-2023-act-no-27_32facc772bb1e1f9ce3b8a4e1b177af3.pdf

Government of Malawi (with World Bank, GFDRR, United Nations and EU Delegation)

  • Malawi 2023 Tropical Cyclone Freddy Post-Disaster Needs Assessment, April 2023 (PDF on UN Malawi site)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated April 2023. 16 local authorities affected; 2,267,458 people affected, 659,278 displaced, 679 deaths, 537 missing, 2,186 injured (mid-March 2023). Table 1 (US$ million, damage / loss / total): housing 113.45/11.02/124.47; health and nutrition 4.14/3.99/8.13; education 30.25/11.83/42.08; social subtotal 147.84/26.84/174.68; crops 0.33/55.01/55.34; livestock 3.50/3.04/6.54; irrigation 20.05/25.41/45.46; fisheries 0.50/2.54/3.03; trade 8.41/8.26/16.68; productive subtotal 32.79/94.26/127.05; transport 104.39/6.44/110.83; energy 11.43/1.93/13.37; water and sanitation 34.85/6.24/41.08; water resources 7.79/4.97/12.76; infrastructure subtotal 158.46/19.58/178.04; disaster risk reduction 2.59/14.25/16.84; other cross-cutting 5.56/4.54/10.10; gross total 347.24/159.47/506.71 (public 282.92, private 221.96). Recovery and reconstruction needs US$680.4 million (680.36). Real GDP loss 0.5 percent; crops subsector 44.8% of total GDP loss, livestock 2.8%, fisheries 2.4%; 54,949 ha of crops affected (26.8% of hectares planted, season stated as 2023/24 in the text); 285,569 livestock of 104,565 households affected; 1,483 fish farmers affected. State of disaster declared 13 March 2023.
    https://malawi.un.org/en/download/136687/237772

Government of Malawi presentation hosted by UN Economic Commission for Africa (ACPC archive)

  • Malawi 2019 Cyclone Idai, impacts and response (presentation, PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · State of disaster declared 8 March 2019; 15 districts and 2 cities affected; more than 800,000 people affected, c.87,000 displaced in 173 camps, 60 deaths and 672 injuries. PDNA held 4-18 April 2019, financed by World Bank and UNDP. Total damage and losses US$220.2 million; economic impact US$9.96 million = 0.13% of GDP (production approach); recovery needs US$370.5 million. Effects / needs by sub-sector (US$ million): housing 106.6/106.1, health 2.6/30.9, education 21.0/62.3, crops 11.1/19.6, livestock 8.2/2.4, irrigation 13.8/17.9, fisheries 3.2/1.4, commerce and industry 2.1/3.1, transport 37.0/42.6, energy 3.1/4.3, water and sanitation 6.4/12.3, water resources 5.1/17.0; cross-cutting needs DRR 10.9, environment 1.0, governance 1.3, social protection 29.0, gender 4.0. Assets damaged 288,371 houses, 1,841 km roads, 129 bridges, 91,638 ha crops, 64 irrigation head works. National Disaster Recovery Framework US$668 million, US$95 million available, gap US$574 million. The PDNA report itself (UNICEF and PreventionWeb copies) returned HTTP 403.
    https://archive.uneca.org/sites/default/files/images/ACPC/malawi_2019_cyclone_idai_impacts_and_response.pdf

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Natural Resources and Climate Change, Environmental Affairs Department

  • Malawi's First Biennial Transparency Report and Fourth National Communication to the UNFCCC, September 2025 (PDF copy on Climate Policy Radar)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated September 2025, ISBN 978-99960-90-98-1. Table ES2-1 (Gg CO2e, 2018 and 2022): energy 1629.071 and 1810.16, IPPU 107.539 and 188.316, agriculture 4489.383 and 5714.19, FOLU 51631.71 and 46705.4, waste 15635.912 and 17547.9, total without FOLU 21861.904 and 25261.3, total with FOLU 73493.614 and 71966.7. Emissions grew from 8,604.38 Gg in 1994 to 25,261.32 Gg in 2022. Lists the National Climate Change Management Policy (2016), National Resilience Strategy (2018-2030), Environment Management Act (No. 19 of 2017), National Climate Change Investment Plan (2013). States government is in the process of developing a Climate Change Management Bill (2025), developing a NAP and establishing a National Climate Change Fund with GCF support (not yet operational, 'when operational, the fund will be a single institutional framework'). Climate finance tracking MIS www.ccfinancemw.com. Resource mobilization strategy May 2022. Inventory basis differs from Climate Watch/FAOSTAT.
    https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/MWI/2025/malawi-biennial-transparency-report-btr1-national-communications-nc4_4703df733d2148765f5cb113b84a5059.pdf

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Natural Resources and Climate Change, Environmental Affairs Department (copy on Climate Policy Radar)

  • Carbon Market Framework, July 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated July 2025. Blueprint for participation in Article 6.2, Article 6.4 and voluntary carbon market. Legal basis cites Paris Agreement ratification 29 June 2017, updated NDC submitted 30 July 2021, Environment Management Act No. 19 of 2017; notes further legislation may be adopted. Fees: Article 6 administrative total USD 11,000 (MAP application 1,000, MAIN review 2,000, MADD review 4,000, transfer 4,000), listing USD 10,000 (6.2/VCM with CA) or USD 7,500 (6.4), issuance USD 0.20 per MO, corresponding adjustment USD 4 per MO, buffer retention 5% (6.2 and VCM) or 1% (6.4). Share of proceeds (% of gross revenue): cookstoves efficiency >=55% 25%, <55% 40%, other technologies 15%, land-based on customary land 15%, public protected land 25%, VCM without CA 25%.
    https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/MWI/2025/carbon-market-framework_82d8204ae7fd7c2856cfbe1d92cf389e.pdf

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining (copy on FAOLEX)

  • National Climate Change Management Policy, June 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Issued by the Environmental Affairs Department, Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, June 2016, ISBN 978-99960-21-25-1. States that approximately 80 percent of Malawians depend on renewable natural resources for their livelihoods.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw201716.pdf

Government of Malawi, Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, Environmental Affairs Department

  • Malawi's National Adaptation Plan Framework, March 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated March 2020, produced with financial and technical support from the NAP Global Network (IISD). Builds on the NAP Roadmap and sets the approach, mandates and guiding principles for the NAP process, linked to the National Climate Change Management Policy of 2016. States that Malawi has undertaken the first two steps of the NAP process. It is a framework, not a National Adaptation Plan.
    https://es.napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/napgn-en-2020-malawis-national-adaptation-plan-framework.pdf

Government of Malawi, Office of the President and Cabinet, Department of Disaster Management Affairs

  • National El Niño Induced Prolonged Dry Spells and Floods Response Appeal, April 2024 (PDF on UN Malawi site)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated April 2024. President Chakwera declared a state of disaster in 23 districts. Over 2 million farming families affected (target population 9 million). Maize production (second round APES) 2,926,190 t versus 2022/23 final round 3,509,837 t. Table 2 (US$): total requirement 446,739,294.32 (MK782,240,504,362.54), received 14,378,097.40, pledges 7,236,400.00, gap 425,124,796.92 (MK744.39 billion). By cluster requirement: agriculture 158,609,366.08, food security 197,893,333.34, education 41,079,974.12, transport and logistics 30,700,000, nutrition 8,624,174, health 4,556,093, WASH 2,400,000, shelter 1,826,468, protection 850,000, coordination 199,885.78. Text rounds total to USD 446.72 or 446.74 million and states MK37.85 billion (USD21.6 million) mobilized. Agriculture interventions MK277.725 billion to make available 556,240 t.
    https://malawi.un.org/en/download/164327/273587

Green Climate Fund

  • Malawi country page (web page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Number of projects 9, total GCF financing USD 143 million, readiness support USD 4.4 million. Projects FP291, FP257, FP244, FP238, FP222, FP211, FP177, FP099, FP002 (several are multi-country).
    https://www.greenclimate.fund/countries/malawi
  • FP002 Scaling up the use of Modernized Climate information and Early Warning Systems in Malawi (project page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Entity UNDP. Approved 5 Nov 2015, FAA effective 28 Jun 2017, est. completion 30 Jun 2024, status still Under implementation when read in October 2026. Total US$16.3 million, GCF grant USD 12,294,545 (100% disbursed), co-financing USD 3,970,000. 2.1 million people with increased resilience (anticipated).
    https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp002
  • FP238 Ecosystems-based Adaptation for resilient Watersheds and Communities in Malawi (EbAM) (project page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Entity FAO. Approved 18 Jul 2024, FAA effective 23 Jul 2024, est. completion 23 Jul 2030. Total US$53.2 million, GCF grant USD 42,808,151 (27% disbursed), co-financing USD 10,416,675. 575 thousand people with increased resilience. 11 districts, about 267,500 ha of watersheds; supports the National Climate Change Fund.
    https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp238
  • FP244 Climate Resilient Health and Well-Being for Rural Communities in southern Malawi (project page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Entity Save the Children Australia. Approved 24 Oct 2024, FAA effective 19 Mar 2025, est. completion 19 Sep 2030. Total US$37.1 million, GCF grant USD 33,000,000 (12% disbursed), co-financing USD 4,068,208. 4.2 million people with increased resilience. Six southern districts.
    https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp244
  • FP257 RE-GAIN, Scaling solutions for food loss in Africa (project page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Entity AGRA. Approved 20 Feb 2025. Multi-country (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia). Total US$105 million, GCF grant USD 75,623,754 (15% disbursed), co-financing USD 29,376,246. 5.4 million people, smallholder food loss reduction. Malawi share not stated.
    https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp257
  • FP291 ASCENT-GREEN, Resilient Energy Access for Inclusive Development (project page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Entity World Bank. Approved 28 Mar 2026, FAA executed 11 May 2026. 21 countries incl. Malawi. Total US$695 million, GCF USD 250 million (loan 50, grants 160 and 40), co-financing USD 445 million. Malawi share not stated.
    https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp291

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, Malawi Technical Working Group (copy hosted by IFPRI Food Security Portal)

  • Malawi IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis April 2026 - March 2027, published 7 August 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Current Apr-Sep 2026 Phase 3+ 1,935,000 (10% of analysed population), Phase 2 4,435,000, Phase 1 12,715,000, none in Phase 4 or 5. Projected Oct 2026 - Mar 2027 Phase 3+ 2,613,000 (14%), Phase 2 5,189,000, Phase 1 11,283,000. Total analysed 19,085,563 (28 districts and four cities). Maize production 2025/26 season 3,300,618 MT, up 15 percent from 2,859,949 MT, 5 percent below the five-year average. Maize average price June 2026 MK 756 versus MK 1,113 June 2025, five-year average MK 323. Inflation 23.4 percent. Trend text, lean-season Phase 3+ 2026/27 2.6 million, 2025/26 4.0 million, 2024/25 6.2 million (updated from 5.7 million), 2023/24 4.4 million, 2022/23 3.8 million, 2021/22 1.5 million. First Protracted AFI analysis, 2.6 million in Protracted Phase 3 and 5.7 million in Protracted Phase 2.
    https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/sites/default/files/2026-08/IPC_Malawi_Acute_Food_Insecurity_Apr2026_Mar027_Report.pdf
  • Malawi IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis May 2025 - March 2026, published 17 October 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Current May-Sep 2025 Phase 3+ 2,970,000 (16%), Phase 2 5,832,000, Phase 1 9,725,000. Projected Oct 2025 - Mar 2026 Phase 3+ 4,002,000 (22%) of which Phase 4 8,000, Phase 2 6,036,000. National maize production 2024/25 2,859,949 MT, up 5.4 percent from 2,712,578 MT. WFP average national maize price May 2025 MWK 948.33, May 2024 MK 622.00. Maize June 2025 MK1,113 versus MK722 June 2024. Trend lean-season Phase 3+ 2025/26 4,009,537, 2024/25 5,692,122 (6,188,379 in updated assessment), 2023/24 4,402,000, 2022/23 3,818,554, 2021/22 1,496,394. Shares 22% (2025/26), 28% (2024/25), 22% (2023/24), 20% (2022/23), 8% (2021/22). Inflation 27.7 percent.
    https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/sites/default/files/2025-10/IPC_Malawi_Acute_Food_Insecurity_May2025_Mar2026_Report.pdf

International Food Policy Research Institute, Malawi

International Food Policy Research Institute, Malawi Strategy Support Program

  • Policy Note 47, Pricing farmer contributions under AIP, December 2022 (PDF on CGSpace)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · For the 2022/23 AIP the government committed to 2.47 million beneficiaries each offered one 50 kg bag of NPK and one 50 kg bag of urea (123,500 MT of each), a farmer contribution of MK 15,000 per bag, and the AIP budget appropriated by parliament of MK 109.4 billion. Previous year farmer contribution MK 7,500 per bag. Fertilizer available to government outside the private market estimated at about 82,000 MT NPK and 41,500 MT urea, including 31,500 MT urea bought by SFFRFM for MK 29 billion.
    https://hdl.handle.net/10568/140915

International Monetary Fund

  • Press Release No. 25/261, IMF Executive Board Concludes 2025 Article IV Consultation with Malawi (22 Jul 2025)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Real GDP growth 1.9 (2023), 1.8 (2024), 2.4 (2025 projection); 2024 hindered by lower-than-expected agricultural output and foreign exchange shortages; official exchange rate against the US dollar fixed since April last year, largely erasing benefits of the November 2023 devaluation; 2023 ECF automatically terminated on May 14, 2025, eighteen months after approval without a completed review; inflation eased to 27.7 percent in May 2025; total public debt 88 percent of GDP end-2024; fiscal deficit 10.1 percent of GDP FY2024/25. Table: CPI end of period 34.5 (2023), 28.1 (2024), 25.4 (2025 proj.); nominal GDP MWK bn 15,475 (2023), 20,322 (2024); gross official reserves US$ million 201, 149, 118.
    https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2025/07/22/pr25261-malawi-imf-executive-board-concludes-2025-article-iv-consultation
  • Malawi: 2025 IMF Country Report No. 25/226, August 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Real GDP growth 1.9 percent (2023), 1.8 percent (2024), 2.4 percent projected (2025); inflation averaged 32.2 percent in 2024, projected average 28 percent in 2025; 'the 44 percent devaluation' of November 2023, after which the official rate remained broadly constant against the US dollar; de jure floating, de facto 'stabilized' arrangement; official-parallel spread peaked at 150 percent in March 2025 and declined to 110 percent as of April 2025; ECF 'automatically terminated on May 14, 2025, eighteen months after approval without completing a review'; maize production 2024/25 20.3 percent below five-year average (as read); tobacco nearly half of goods exports; informal sector about 40 percent of GDP. Landing page https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2025/08/06/Malawi-2025-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-and-Statement-by-the-569391 .
    https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/cr/2025/english/1mwiea2025001-source-pdf.pdf
  • Press Release No. 23/394, IMF Executive Board completes Second Review under the Staff-Monitored Program with Executive Board Involvement and approves a 48-month ECF arrangement for Malawi (15 Nov 2023)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 15 November 2023: 48-month ECF, SDR 131.86 million (about US$175-178 million), 95 percent of quota; immediate disbursement SDR 26.37 million (about US$35 million). Programme-time projections: real GDP 2023 1.7, 2024 1.6, 2025 3.3 (superseded).
    https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2023/11/15/pr23394-malawi-exec-board-2nd-review-ssmp-involvement-approved-48-month-arrangement-ecf
  • Frequently Asked Questions on Malawi (updated 14 May 2025)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · ECF approved November 2023 (Board 15 Nov 2023); no programme review completed; programme ended 14 May 2025 under IMF lending policies for low-income countries because no review had been completed over an 18-month period; Article IV consultations continue.
    https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/MWI/malawi-qandas

International Monetary Fund (IMF), Statistics Department

  • IMF, Exchange Rates (ER) dataset – Malawi, domestic currency per US$ (end of period and period average)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read via the IMF SDMX API on 17 October 2026 (dataset page https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA:ER). The annual series ends in 2023 and the monthly series (MWI.XDC_USD.EOP_RT+PA_RT.M) in September 2024 (end-September 2024 1,750.3732). MWK per US$, end of period: 2010 150.80; 2011 163.75; 2012 335.13; 2013 434.96; 2014 470.78; 2015 672.68; 2016 728.62; 2017 732.03; 2018 733.69; 2019 738.8732; 2020 773.1125; 2021 819.4421; 2022 1,034.6746; 2023 1,697.9785. Annual average: 2010 150.4858; 2011 156.5158; 2012 249.1067; 2013 364.4058; 2014 424.8967; 2015 499.6058; 2016 718.005; 2017 730.2725; 2018 732.3333; 2019 745.5407; 2020 749.5275; 2021 805.8997; 2022 949.0390; 2023 1,161.0944 (identical to WDI PA.NUS.FCRF). The IMF averages equal the Reserve Bank of Malawi's series for 2022 (949.0390) and 2023 (1,161.0944) but not for earlier years, for example 2013 IMF 364.4058 against RBM 369.1811 and 2014 424.8967 against 424.4085. Monthly end of period 2023: October 1,179.8297, November 1,699.3119. Where the IMF has not published a period, the Reserve Bank of Malawi's official rate is used, from its Selected Actual Market Foreign Exchange Rates workbook (fx-rbm-monthly-sep2026, https://www.rbm.mw/Statistics/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63786), middle rate: end-2024 1,749.9304; average 2024 1,738.3396; end-2025 1,748.9971; average 2025 1,750.2127; end-August 2026 1,747.5554. This is the same series that the IMF republishes (end-2023 1,697.9785 in both). Market (bureau or parallel) rates are not used. Rates used in this profile (own calculations): bank loan stocks at the end-of-period rate of the stock date (end-2025 1,749.00); 2026 budget amounts at the end-August 2026 rate 1,747.56; the kwacha was devalued by 25% on 27 May 2022 and the official rate moved by about 44% after the foreign exchange market changes of 8 November 2023.
    https://api.imf.org/external/sdmx/2.1/data/IMF.STA,ER/MWI.XDC_USD.EOP_RT+PA_RT.A?startPeriod=2009

Malawi Enterprise Development Fund

  • MEDF home page (web page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026: MWK 8.9B loans disbursed (2026/2027), 4,833 clients served, 14,625 jobs created, MWK 944.1M Constituency Development Fund disbursed. Government of Malawi initiative providing microfinance, priority to women, youth, persons with disabilities.
    https://www.medf.mw/
  • MEDF Strategic Plan 2026–2030 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · MEDF is a state owned, non-deposit-taking microfinance institution registered under the Companies Act 2013 and licensed by the RBM. Evolved from MARDEF and the original MEDF, rebranded as NEEF in September 2020, formally transitioned back to the MEDF identity as of February 2026. Board chairperson Sir James Naphambo. Results framework target by 2029/30: PAR above 30 days 20 percent, collection rate 85 percent, NPL 10 percent (targets).
    https://www.medf.mw/public/storage/downloads/XxxagfgeGn8bXht8tYe8svSJONj9nOxS6z7cX3A4.pdf

Malawi Environment Protection Authority

  • MEPA website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · MEPA was established under the Environment Management Act No. 19 of 2017 as the principal agency for protection and sustainable management of the environment and natural resources; functions include environmental and social impact assessments, access and benefit sharing, waste transfer and storage, climate change; launched NSEOR 2026.
    https://mepa.mw/

Malawi Investment and Trade Centre

  • MITC website – home (HTML)landing page verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026. Services include investment promotion, export certificates, exporters directory and investors guide.
    https://mitc.mw/

MalawiLII (Laws.Africa)

  • Legislation – all Acts listing, pages 1-10 (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Listing read 17 Oct 2026 (500 entries). Title and citation column as listed: Agriculture (General Purposes) Act Chapter 65:05; Special Crops Act Chapter 65:01; Tobacco Act Chapter 65:02 and Control of Tobacco Auction Floors Act Chapter 65:03 (still listed although repealed by s.114 of the Tobacco Industry Act 2019); Cotton Act Chapter 65:04 (akn 2013/1); Seed Act Chapter 67:06 (1988); Fertilizers, Farm Feeds and Remedies Act Chapter 67:04; Pesticides Act Chapter 35:03 (2000/12); Pesticides (Amendment) Act 2018 Act 8 of 2018; Control of Goods Act 2018 Act 15 of 2018; Cooperatives Societies Act Chapter 47:02 (1998/36); Warehouse Receipts Act 2017 Act 3 of 2018; Land Act Chapter 57:01 (2016/16); Customary Land Act 2016 Act 19 of 2016; Physical Planning Act 2016 Act 17 of 2016; Land Survey Act Chapter 59:03; Registered Land Act Chapter 58:01; Registered Land (Amendment) Act 2017 Act 7 of 2017; Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act 2017 Act 9 of 2017; Land (Amendment) Act 2022 Act 5 of 2022; Property Valuation Act 2024 Act 26 of 2024; Financial Services Act Chapter 44:05 (2010/26); Banking Act Chapter 44:01 (2010/10); Microfinance Act Chapter 46:08 (2010/21); Insurance Act Chapter 47:01 (2010/9); Credit Reference Bureau Act Chapter 46:09 (2010/18); Financial Cooperatives Act Chapter 46:10 (2011/8); Securities Act Chapter 46:06; Payment Systems Act Chapter 74:01 (2016/15); Reserve Bank of Malawi Act Chapter 44:02 (1989/8); Financial Services (Amendment) Act 2025 Act 5 of 2025; Environment Management Act 2016 Act 19 of 2017; Forestry Act Chapter 63:01 (consolidated 2020-06-19); Forestry (Amendment) Act 2017 Act 5 of 2017; Forestry (Amendment) Act 2019 Act 7 of 2020; Fisheries Conservation and Management Act Chapter 66:05 (1997/25); Water Resources Act Chapter 72:03 (2013/2); Disaster Preparedness and Relief Act Chapter 33:05; Public Finance Management Act 2022 Act 4 of 2022; Malawi Bureau of Standards Act Chapter 51:02 (2012/14); Control and Diseases of Animals Act Chapter 66:02; Veterinary and Para-Veterinary Practitioners Act Chapter 53:04; Plant Protection Act 2018 Act 19 of 2018; Plant Breeder's Rights Act 2018 Act 20 of 2018; Biosafety Act Chapter 60:03; Cannabis Regulation Act 2020 Act 6 of 2020; Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Act Chapter 30:11 (2011/22); Tea Cess Act Chapter 42:03; Companies Act 2013 Act 15 of 2013; Competition and Fair Trading Act 2024 Act 20 of 2024 (flag Uncommenced). Seed Act 2022, Fertilizer Act 2023, Tobacco Industry Acts 2019/2024, Irrigation Act 2024, Disaster Risk Management Act 2023, Insurance Act 2025, Reserve Bank of Malawi Act 2018 and Personal Property Security Act 2013 are not in the listing.
    https://malawilii.org/legislation/all
  • Legislation – repealed listing (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026. Flagged Repealed: Irrigation Act Chapter 72:04 (akn 2001/16); Control of Goods Act Chapter 18:08 (1954/12 and 1968/28); Environment Management Act Chapter 60:02 (1996/23); Land Act Chapter 57:01 (1965/25); Customary Land (Development) Act Chapter 59:01; Local Land Boards Act Chapter 59:02; Public Finance Management Act Chapter 37:02 (2003/7); Customary Land Regulations 2018 (GN 18 of 2018).
    https://malawilii.org/legislation/repealed
  • Legislation listing filtered for commencement notices (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026. Commencement notices listed include Customary Land Act 2016 (GN 17 of 2018); Physical Planning Act 2016 (GN 36 of 2018); Registered Land (Amendment) Act 2017 (GN 37 of 2018); Pesticides (Amendment) Act 2018 (GN 86 of 2018); Environment Management Act 2016 (GN 73 of 2019); Greenbelt Authority Act 2017 (GN 41 of 2020); Plant Protection Act 2018 (GN 67 of 2020); Plant Breeder's Rights Act 2018 (GN 68 of 2020); Land (Amendment), Land Survey (Amendment), Physical Planning (Amendment), Registered Land (Amendment), Lands Acquisition and Compensation (Amendment) and Customary Land (Amendment) Acts 2022 (GN 24-29 of 2022); Seed Act 2022 (GN 19 of 2024); Property Valuation Act 2024 (GN 1 of 2025); Insurance Act 2025 (GN 32 of 2025); Irrigation Act 2024 (GN 75 of 2025). No commencement notice is listed for the Land Act 2016, Warehouse Receipts Act 2017, Control of Goods Act 2018, Fertilizer Act 2023, Disaster Risk Management Act 2023 or Reserve Bank of Malawi Act 2018.
    https://malawilii.org/legislation/all?q=commencement
  • Legislation listing filtered by keyword (subsidiary instruments) (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Keyword-filtered listings read 17 Oct 2026 (q=tobacco, control of goods, climate, disaster, financial services etc.). Instruments listed: Control of Goods (Export Mandate) Regulations 2021 (GN 32 of 2021); Control of Goods (Export of Maize and Maize Products) Order 2021 (GN 63 of 2021); Control of Goods (Import and Export Licence) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (GN 50 of 2024); Tobacco Industry (Tobacco Minimum Prices) Orders 2023, 2024, 2025 (GN 14 of 2023, GN 23 of 2024, GN 28 of 2025); Agriculture (General Purposes) (Minimum Prices for Agricultural Crops) Regulations 2020 (GN 19 of 2020); Seed Regulations 2018 (GN 8 of 2018); Environment Management (Climate Change Fund) Regulations 2018 (GN 87 of 2018); Customary Land (Administration and Management) Regulations 2024 (GN 65 of 2024); Cotton (Imposition of Levy) Notice 2024 (GN 67 of 2024); Disaster Risk Management (Natural Calamities) (Disaster Declaration) Notice 2025 (GN 100 of 2025); Pesticides (Amendment) Regulations 2025 (GN 83 of 2025); Financial Services (Licensing of Development Finance Institutions) Directive 2018 (GN 52 of 2018); Insurance (Inclusive Insurance) Directive 2019 (GN 34 of 2019).
    https://malawilii.org/legislation/all?q=tobacco

MalawiLII (Malawi Legal Information Institute)

Ministry of Agriculture (FAOLEX copy)

Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (FAOLEX copy)

  • National Agricultural Investment Plan (NAIP) FY 2017/18-2022/23, January 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated January 2018. 16 intervention areas in four programmes; Total Cost USD 3,219 million (constant 2017 US$); intervention area 16 Access to financial services USD 31 million; funding gap around USD 330-780 million, 10-24% of total cost; 2016/17 baseline resources about USD 400 million (DCAFS donors USD 240 million, MoAIWD USD 111 million, non-state actors about USD 50 million) (Table 4.15).
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw190532.pdf
  • National Irrigation Policy 2016, September 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Cover: National Irrigation Policy 2016, Prosperity Through Irrigation, Department of Irrigation, September 2016.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw175713.pdf
  • National Seed Policy, April 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Cover: Department of Agricultural Research Services, April 2018.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw180417.pdf

Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (HarvestPlus copy)

  • National Agriculture Policy, September 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Cover: Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, September 2016. Defines the vision for agricultural development over the next five years; by 2020 agriculture oriented towards profitable commercial farming through smallholder specialisation, output diversification and value addition; aims include mechanisation, irrigation, agro-processing, risk management, marketing and export growth.
    https://www.harvestplus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Malawi_National-Agriculture-Policy_2016.pdf

Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, Malawi

Ministry of Agriculture, Malawi

  • Ministry of Agriculture website – home (HTML)landing page verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026. Departments listed: Animal Health and Livestock Development; Agricultural Extension Services; Agricultural Planning Services; Agricultural Research Services; Crop Development; Mega Farm Support Department; Irrigation; Water Development; Land Resource Conservation. Projects listed: AGCOM, FISP, Megafarms.
    https://www.agriculture.gov.mw/
  • About the Ministry (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Mandate: to promote and accelerate broad-based, sustainable agricultural development policies that enhance economic growth and contribute to poverty reduction. Mission: increase agricultural productivity and sustain good management and efficient use of land based natural resources to ensure food security and increased income.
    https://www.agriculture.gov.mw/about
  • Mega Farm Support Department (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Services: registration and verification of new farmers, expression of interest, offer of support, supervision of mega farmers, linking farmers to financial institutions and markets, promotion of mechanization, monitoring and evaluation; covers crops, livestock and pond and cage aquaculture.
    https://www.agriculture.gov.mw/megafarmsupportdepartment
  • Department of Agricultural Extension Services (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Mandate: to coordinate all technical departments in the delivery of agricultural extension services; implements through Agricultural Development Divisions in eight ecological zones (Lilongwe, Blantyre, Salima, Kasungu, Machinga, Shire Valley, Karonga, Mzuzu) and all 28 districts.
    https://www.agriculture.gov.mw/extensionservices
  • Department of Agricultural Planning Services (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Mandate: guidance on agricultural policies; project and programme preparation; monitoring and evaluation; coordination of agricultural marketing; collection and maintenance of agricultural statistics; coordination of food security programmes.
    https://www.agriculture.gov.mw/planningservices
  • Department of Agricultural Research Services page (HTML)landing page verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Page loads (17 Oct 2026) but its body text repeats extension services content; cited for existence of the DARS department only.
    https://www.agriculture.gov.mw/researchservices

Ministry of Agriculture, Malawi (FAOLEX copy)

  • National Agriculture Policy 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Preface: NAP 2024 is the second overarching policy for the sector after NAP 2016, which was implemented from 2016 to 2021; NAP 2024 will be implemented in line with the lifespan of MIP-1. Foreword signed by Hon. Samuel Dalitso Kawale, Minister of Agriculture. Strategies include facilitating access to affordable finance for inputs, targeting anchor farms and mega farms with input support, promoting sustainable mega farms, land pooling for smallholders, an Agricultural Mechanisation Fund and access to finance for mechanisation. States that approximately 75% of national crop production comes from smallholders with limited access to finance, and smallholder yields are about 20% of potential.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw233527.pdf

Ministry of Finance / Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Malawi

  • 2021 Annual Economic Report (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · 'In 2020, the Malawi Government rebased its GDP from 2010 base year to 2017 base year. The rebasing increased the country's GDP numbers by about 37.0 percent.' Table 2.2 agriculture share (2017 prices, vintage 2021): 2018 22.0, 2019 22.1, 2020 22.8, 2021* 23.2, 2022* 23.4. Table 2.3 agriculture growth 2018 0.3, 2019 5.9, 2020 4.2. Table 2.4: 2020 annual average headline inflation 8.6 (text 8.61), food 13.0, non-food 1.6; 2021 projection 7.5.
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2025-02/2021%20Annual%20Economic%20Report.pdf

Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs

  • 2024/25 Approved Programme Based Budget Document, Vote 190 Ministry of Agriculture (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Vote 190 Ministry of Agriculture (pdf p.186-189), Table 5.1 (MK million): Grand Total 360,818.33 (2023/24 approved), 399,800.27 (2023/24 revised), 465,874.44 (2024/25 estimate); 108 Agriculture Inputs 109,817.48 / 109,815.48 / 160,263.00; 106 Irrigation Development 160,026.72 / 176,440.74 / 95,670.27; 110 Agriculture Markets 17,549.01 / 27,629.69 / 161,833.36; 107 Anchor Farms 680.34 / 688.51 / 4,585.91 (Mega Farms 378.89 / 378.89 / 3,685.23). Programme 105 indicators: maize tonnage 3,716,479 MT (2022/23 actual), target 4,200,000 (2024/25).
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2026-06/2024-25%20Approved%20Program%20Based%20Budget%20Document.pdf

Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (AFI copy)

  • National Strategy for Financial Inclusion III 2024-2028 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Citation: MoFEA (2024) NSFI III 2024-2028; published with financial support from IFAD through the FARMSE project and the SADC Secretariat (SIBE project, EU funded). Earlier strategies NSFI I 2010-2014 and NSFI II 2016-2020. Goal: access to at least one formal financial service for 95% of adults by 2028, reducing exclusion from 12% to 5%; women's access to 85% from 69% and male access to 95% from 82%.
    https://afi-global.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/National-Strategy-for-Financial-Inclusion-III.pdf

Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Decentralization

  • Annual Economic Report 2025, section 17.2.18 NEEF (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 17.18 NEEF profit/loss MK thousand (columns are fiscal years ending in March, e.g. 2022 = 2021/22, 2024 = 2023/24): 2021 (7,572,619), 2022 (13,595,062), 2023 (4,944,694), 2024 814,228, 2025 mid-year actual 1,784,940, outlook to March 2025 9,381,501. Text: profit after tax MK1.7 billion as of 30 Sep 2024 vs MK814 million 2023/24, projected MK9.3 billion by March 2025. Collection rate 73 percent 2023/24 to 79 percent Sep 2024. Gross loan portfolio MK47.7 billion March 2024 to MK61.2 billion September 2024, disbursements MK31.89 billion in the period, principal repayments MK83.78 billion, average collection rate 81.6 percent vs regulator benchmark 80 percent. Report also refers to a currency devaluation in March 2024 (chapter 18). EDF Gold Buying Initiative 293 kg, MK34 billion to Dec 2024.
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2026-01/Annual%20Economic%20Report%202025.pdf
  • Annual Economic Report 2024, NEEF section (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NEEF profit after tax MK1.13 billion at 30 Sep 2023 vs loss MK4.9 billion 2022/23, projected profit MK830 million March 2024. Targeted Enhanced Loan Recoveries Program recovered over MK6.4 billion 1 Apr – 30 Sep 2023. Collection rate 58 percent 2022/23 to 69 percent Sep 2023. Gross loan portfolio MK53.6 billion March 2023 to MK60.6 billion Sep 2023, disbursements MK15.4 billion, repayments MK8.4 billion. Net portfolio MK19.5 billion to MK26.1 billion.
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2025-02/Annual%20Economic%20Report%202024.pdf
  • 2023 Annual Economic Report, section 17.2.25 NEEF (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NEEF loss after tax MK13.6 billion, loss MK6.03 billion at 30 Sep 2022, projected profit MK808 million March 2023. Gross loan portfolio MK41 billion March 2022 to MK47 billion Sep 2022 on disbursements of MK13 billion financed by shareholder capital injection MK7 billion and MK6 billion FInES loan. Repayments MK7.6 billion, collection rate 63 percent vs 80 percent benchmark. Impairment provisions MK32 billion to MK39 billion. Net portfolio MK8.9 billion to MK10.9 billion.
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2025-02/2023%20Annual%20Economic%20Report.pdf
  • Budget Document No. 3 – Approved 2026/27 Financial Statement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 5 (pdf p.37) budget allocation by MIP-1 pillar: Agricultural Productivity and Commercialization K811,705,372,184 (2025/26 midyear revised) and K924,119,843,258 (2026/27 approved), 8.42% of 2026/27 allocation, +13.85%; grand total K10,978,491,310,711 (2026/27). Fiscal table printed p.44-45 (K million): Fertilizer Input Subsidy Program 111,450 (2025/26 approved), 196,463 (2025/26 end-year revised), 111,450 (2026/27 approved) of which fertiliser payments 102,000 / 187,630 / 102,000, maize seed subsidy 4,000 / 3,383 / 4,000, livestock 450, logistics 5,000; Agriculture Sector goods and services 184,366 / 154,974 / 148,982; Maize purchases 60,000 / 84,000 / 60,000; total expenditure 8,076,668 / 8,431,538 / 10,978,491. 2024/25 table printed p.4 (K million): Affordable Input Program 161,285 (approved), 131,585 (midyear revised), 131,585 (end-year revised), fertilizer payments 150,700 / 121,000 / 121,000; Agriculture Sector goods and services 74,138 / 74,703 / 74,703; Maize purchases 22,000. 2024/25 over-expenditure included recapitalisation of the National Economic Empowerment Fund. Inflation 32.3% (2024), 28.5% (2025).
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2026-06/Doc%203_%202026-27%20Approved%20Financial%20Statement.pdf
  • Approved 2026/27 Programme Based Budget – Central Ministries, Vote 190 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Vote 190 Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (pdf p.167-170). Table 5.1 (MK million): Grand Total 667,750.22 (2025/26 approved), 812,741.69 (2025/26 revised), 971,361.86 (2026/27 estimate); 108 Agriculture Inputs 22,728.19 / 241,336.61 / 122,340.82; 106 Irrigation Development 320,764.82 / 244,574.34 / 289,221.73; 110 Agriculture Markets 152,679.91 / 198,350.76 / 176,361.85; 107 Anchor Farms Development 7,344.97 / 819.65 / 44,721.24 (Mega Farms 6,498.30 / 344.52 / 44,721.24); 105 Agriculture Diversification 127,431.80 / 97,735.14 / 158,625.56; 166 Water Resources 0 / 6.18 / 145,321.37; 111 Research 13,749.11 / 8,101.13 / 3,101.32; 109 Mechanization 792.31 / 539.90 / 1,572.86.
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2026-06/Doc_52026-27ApprovedProgramBasedBudgetDocument-CentralMinistries.pdf

Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Decentralization, Malawi

  • Annual Economic Report 2026 (PDF, Budget Document 2, March 2026)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Ch.2 (PDF p.10): economy grew 2.7 percent in 2025; growth 2026 and 2027 projected 3.8 and 4.9 percent; 'non-renewal of the IMF's Extended Credit Facility (ECF)'. Table 2.1 (PDF p.10-11), GDP by activity at 2017 constant prices MK million (source National Accounts and Balance of Payment Committee; 2024 and 2025 actual/estimate columns, 2026 estimate, 2027 projection): Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2024 1,727,871, 2025 1,750,902, 2026 1,799,120, 2027 1,867,935; crop production 930,776 / 942,867 / 967,474 / 995,604; animal production 703,651 / 723,501 / 743,802 / 772,603; GDP at constant 2017 prices 2024 7,943,097, 2025 8,160,588, 2026 8,473,518. Table 2.2 (PDF p.12) agriculture share of real GDP: 2024 21.8, 2025 21.5, 2026 21.2, 2027 21.0; crop 11.7/11.6/11.4/11.2; animal 8.9/8.9/8.8/8.7. Table 2.3 (PDF p.13) growth (%): agriculture 2024 -0.2, 2025 1.3, 2026 2.8 (estimate), 2027 3.8 (projection); crop -6.6, 1.3, 2.6, 2.9; animal 9.2, 2.8, 2.8, 3.9; fishing 1.2, -11.8, 1.6, 15.0; GDP 1.7, 2.7, 3.8, 4.9. Section 2.2.1: crop growth 2025 mostly tobacco, sugar and tea. Table 2.4 (PDF p.18) inflation annual average 2024 32.3, 2025 28.4 (estimate), 2026 17.4, 2027 12.8 (projections); end period 28.1, 26.0, 14.5, 15.2; food about 54 percent of CPI. Ch.3: 2024/25 APES round 3 maize 2,859,948 t vs 2,712,578 t in 2023/24 (+5.4%). Ch.4 irrigation (PDF p.49): developed irrigation area 156,351 ha as of 2025 (from 154,190 ha), 38.0 percent of national irrigation potential 407,862 ha; projected 170,351 ha in 2026/27. PDF p.100: '44 percent kwacha devaluation in November 2023 triggered a 40.9 percent' electricity tariff increase.
    https://finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2026-03/Doc%202_2026%20Annual%20Economic%20Report.pdf
  • Annual Economic Report 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · RBM realigned the kwacha by 44 percent in November 2023; devaluation caused average 40 percent increase in non-food prices, fuel +44 percent, electricity tariffs +40.9 percent. Growth estimated 3.2 percent in 2024 and 4.8 percent in 2025 (projections at the time, partly premised on the IMF ECF). Table 2.1 agriculture constant 2017 MK million: 2021 1,705,940.5, 2022 1,721,942.2, 2023 1,734,917.8, 2024* 1,767,361.5, 2025* 1,817,449.4. Table 2.3 agriculture growth 2021 3.8, 2022 0.9, 2023 0.8, 2024* 1.9, 2025* 2.8. Table 2.4 inflation annual average 2021 9.3, 2022 20.9, 2023 28.7 (projection); end period 2021 11.5, 2022 25.4, 2023 34.5, 2024* 17.4 (end) and 27.1 (average).
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2025-02/Annual%20Economic%20Report%202024.pdf
  • Budget Document No. 3, Approved 2026/27 Financial Statement (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · All K million, fiscal year April-March. Table 1 (2024/25 Budget Framework) under Social Benefits, Affordable Input Program approved 161,285, midyear revised 131,585, end-year revised 131,585, of which fertilizer payments 150,700 / 121,000 / 121,000, maize seed subsidy 4,000 / 4,000 / 4,000, livestock 585, logistics 6,000. Table 2 (2025/26 Budget Performance) Fertilizer Input Subsidy Program approved 111,450, midyear revised 241,070, end-year revised 196,463, of which fertilizer payments 102,000 / 231,620 / 187,630, maize seed subsidy 4,000 / 4,000 / 3,383, livestock 450, logistics 5,000. Annex 1, 2026/27 approved FISP 111,450 (fertiliser 102,000, seed 4,000, livestock 450, logistics 5,000), projections 2027/28 55,496 and 2028/29 38,073. Maize purchases (use of goods and services) 2024/25 22,000 approved and end-year, 2025/26 approved 60,000, midyear 80,000, end-year 84,000, 2026/27 approved 60,000. Program Grant/WB/Maize Purchases 78,795 in 2025/26 grants. Abbreviation list FISP Fertilizer Input Subsidy Programme. Text says Agriculture Productivity and Commercialisation pillar allocated K924.1 billion for 2026/27 including Farm Input Subsidy Program, and that national inflation declined from 32.3 percent in 2024 to 28.5 percent in 2025.
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2026-06/Doc%203_%202026-27%20Approved%20Financial%20Statement.pdf
  • Budget Document No. 5, 2026/27 Approved Programme Based Budget, Central Ministries, Vote 190 Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Programme 108 Agriculture Inputs, indicator 1.3 Number of FISP beneficiaries, 2024/25 actual 1,270,808, 2025/26 target 1,500,000, 2025/26 preliminary 1,000,000, 2026/27 target 1,000,000, 2027/28 and 2028/29 projections 1,000,000. Programme 108 budget MK million 2025-26 approved 22,728.19, 2025-26 revised 241,336.61, 2026-27 estimate 122,340.82. Programme 110 Agriculture Markets 2025-26 approved 152,679.91, revised 198,350.76, 2026-27 estimate 176,361.85. Programme 107 Anchor Farms (Mega Farms) 2026-27 estimate 44,721.24. Major achievements 2025/26 list livestock populations, cattle from 2,269,055 to 2,331,687, goats from 14,090,773 to 14,818,891, sheep from 459,959 to 487,265, pigs from 12,475,657 to 13,581,236, indigenous chickens from 113,860,549 to 120,490,248 (Ministry livestock census basis, not FAOSTAT).
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/documents/uploads/2026-06/Doc_52026-27ApprovedProgramBasedBudgetDocument-CentralMinistries.pdf
  • Ministry website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read 17 Oct 2026. Mandate: formulate economic and fiscal policies to manage Government financial and material resources and provide strategic guidance on economic and development planning; Minister Hon. Joseph Mwanamvekha; Treasury divisions Economic Affairs, Revenue Policy, Debt and Aid, Administration and Budget; NSO operates under the Statistics Act of 2013; Public Enterprises and Government Investment Unit oversees public enterprises.
    https://www.finance.gov.mw/

Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Development (FAOLEX copy)

Ministry of Lands, Housing and Surveys (FAOLEX copy)

Ministry of Lands, Malawi

  • Ministry of Lands website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Departments: Surveys (national land surveying and mapping authority), Lands, Physical Planning, Housing, LIMS, Estate Management and Valuation. Notices: 29/02/2024 devolution of key functions to local councils; 18/03/2024 launch of the Land Information Management System (LIMS).
    https://www.lands.gov.mw/

National Planning Commission (FAOLEX copy)

  • Malawi 2063 – An Inclusively Wealthy and Self-reliant Nation (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · First published 2020 by the National Planning Commission. Chapter 3 pillars: Pillar 1 Agricultural Productivity and Commercialization; Pillar 2 Industrialization; Pillar 3 Urbanization; Chapter 4 enablers starting with Mindset Change and Effective Governance Systems and Institutions.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw208480.pdf
  • Malawi 2063 First 10-Year Implementation Plan (MIP-1) 2021-2030 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · First published 2021 (launch version). Contents: Pillar 1 Agricultural Productivity and Commercialisation; Pillar 2 Industrialisation; Pillar 3 Urbanization; Enablers 1-7.
    https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlw216690.pdf

National Planning Commission, Malawi

  • Malawi 2063 First 10-Year Implementation Plan (MIP-1) 2021-2030 (PDF, navigable version)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Targets (not achievements). PDF p.25-26, Pillar 1 Agricultural Productivity and Commercialization: agriculture 'contributing close to a quarter of the country's GDP and employing about 64 percent of the labour force'; in 2020 the sector accounted for about 22.8 percent of GDP; MIP-1 targets to grow the share of agriculture, forestry and fishing in GDP from 22.8 percent in 2020 to about 30 percent by 2030; average value addition for crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries from about K403 billion in 2019 to about K680 billion by 2030; area under commercial agriculture from 16 percent in 2020 to at least 40 percent in 2030; average value added per agricultural worker USD 209 vs Sub-Saharan average USD 680; Vision 'An inclusively wealthy and self-reliant nation', upper-middle-income by 2063; growth of not less than 6 percent a year needed for lower-middle-income status by 2030. Annex 6 M&E (PDF p.197, scanned table, figures uncertain): area under irrigation large schemes 56,856 ha rising to 73,856 ha (2030), smallholder 61,987 to 101,987 ha; share of output from large farms 15 percent by 2030; 12 mega-farms cumulative.
    https://npc.mw/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/MIP-1-Navigable-Version.pdf

National Statistical Office of Malawi

  • GDP Summary Tables, GDP by activity 2017-2023, 2017 base year (XLSX, attached to 'National Accounts' release of 24 Feb 2025; identical file also attached to 14 Dec 2024 release, media 463)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Sheet 'GDP-Summary Tables'. A Agriculture, forestry and fishing, constant 2017 prices MK million: 2017 1497363.585, 2018 1501798.973, 2019 1590381.446, 2020 1644217.319, 2021 1705940.48, 2022 1721942.234, 2023 1731293.067. GDP at constant 2017 prices: 2017 6531224.085, 2018 6815565.152, 2019 7205199.098, 2020 7262379.301, 2021 7593419.764, 2022 7663363.898, 2023 7812474.017. Real growth agriculture (%): 2018 0.296, 2019 5.898, 2020 3.385, 2021 3.754, 2022 0.938, 2023 0.543; GDP: 2018 4.354, 2019 5.717, 2020 0.794, 2021 4.558, 2022 0.921, 2023 1.946. Crop production real growth: 2018 -3.44, 2019 5.025, 2020 2.46, 2021 4.173, 2022 -4.172, 2023 -4.64; animal production 8.7, 8.474, 8.802, 4.367, 10.169, 9.78. Agriculture VA current prices MK million: 2017 1497363.585, 2018 1565092.694, 2019 1890775.2, 2020 2206680.216, 2021 2547033.098, 2022 3255314.165, 2023 4479512.093. GDP current market prices MK million: 2017 6531224.085, 2018 7234882.37, 2019 8239605.654, 2020 8821424.127, 2021 9975521.93, 2022 11795662.816, 2023 15516481.58. Agriculture share of GDP current prices (%): 2017 22.926, 2018 21.633, 2019 22.947, 2020 25.015, 2021 25.533, 2022 27.598, 2023 28.869. Share at constant 2017 prices (%): 22.926, 22.035, 22.073, 22.64, 22.466, 22.47, 22.161. Crop production share current (%): 15.422, 14.01, 14.733, 15.918, 16.312, 16.732, 16.589; animal production 6.09, 6.223, 6.776, 7.784, 7.996, 9.446, 10.808; fishing 1.28, 1.264, 1.313, 1.198, 1.116, 1.31, 1.377; forestry 0.134, 0.135, 0.125, 0.115, 0.109, 0.109, 0.096. Agriculture implicit deflator (2017=100): 104.215 (2018), 118.888, 134.209, 149.304, 189.049, 258.738 (2023).
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/509/GDP-Summary-Tables.xlsx
  • GDP Expenditure tables 2017-2024 (XLSX, published 13 May 2026)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Sheet GDP_E_KP: GDP at constant 2017 prices MK million 2017 6531224 ... 2023 7812474.0, 2024 7943096.6. Sheet GDP_E_CP: GDP at market prices (current) MK million 2017 6531235.0, 2018 7234893.0, 2019 8239620.0, 2020 8821437.0, 2021 9975538.0, 2022 11795680.0, 2023 15516510.0, 2024 19668103.0. No industry breakdown (expenditure approach).
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/764/GDP_E-12_05_2026.xlsx
  • Malawi Expenditure GDP Report 2017-2025 (PDF, published 19 Aug 2026)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · 2017 base year, 2008 SNA. Between 2017 and 2024 GDP at constant prices increased from MWK6.53 trillion to MWK7.94 trillion (21.6 percent over seven years); current prices from MWK6.53 trillion to MWK19.67 trillion. Preliminary 2025: GDP MWK8.14 trillion at constant 2017 prices and MWK24.76 trillion at current prices. Expenditure approach only, no agriculture value added.
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/823/Malawi_Expenditure_GDP_Report.pdf
  • Consumer Price Index August 2026, year-on-year tables (XLSX, Dec 2021=100)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · National, headline / food / non-food inflation (%). Annual averages: 2022 20.95/26.66/15.14, 2023 28.79/37.13/18.83, 2024 32.18/40.18/21.16, 2025 28.37/33.17/20.73. Monthly 2026: Jan 24.87/22.12/29.85, Feb 24.09/20.83/30.05, Mar 23.82/20.00/30.74, Apr 24.30/19.08/33.23, May 23.35/17.63/33.04, Jun 21.12/14.68/32.12, Jul 20.83/14.32/32.23, Aug 20.01/13.41/31.78. 2025: Jan 28.54/36.01/16.93, Feb 30.66/38.46/18.45, Mar 30.49/37.71/19.17, Apr 29.23/35.76/19.40, May 27.70/32.70/20.04, Jun 27.10/31.63/20.05, Jul 27.34/32.45/19.29, Aug 28.23/33.74/19.46, Sep 28.69/33.01/21.70, Oct 29.11/32.38/23.78, Nov 27.91/30.13/24.20, Dec 26.02/26.48/25.22. 2024: Aug 33.86/41.96/22.73, Sep 34.31/43.46/21.76, Oct 32.38/40.30/21.22, Nov 27.00/33.70/17.19, Dec 28.11/35.65/16.80. Weights: food 53.73, housing water electricity 23.65. Also urban and rural series (rural annual avg 2025 29.39, urban 26.40). All-items index Aug 2026 297.05.
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/825/YoY-NSO-Stats-Flash---August-2026.xlsx
  • Consumer Price Index December 2024, year-on-year tables (XLSX, Dec 2021=100)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · National headline / food / non-food inflation (%). 2023: Jan 25.89/30.47/20.36, Feb 26.69/31.69/20.53, Mar 26.98/32.39/20.20, Apr 28.79/37.90/18.51, May 29.24/38.84/18.38, Jun 27.29/37.20/16.02, Jul 28.37/39.32/15.97, Aug 28.56/39.42/16.12, Sep 27.77/36.78/17.17, Oct 26.93/34.52/17.57, Nov 33.13/41.74/22.25, Dec 34.48/43.53/22.84. 2024: Jan 35.00/44.92/22.02, Feb 33.47/41.96/22.06, Mar 31.81/38.75/22.24, Apr 32.33/39.92/22.36, May 32.71/40.73/22.05, Jun 33.29/41.52/22.23, Jul 33.66/41.95/22.38, Aug 33.86/41.96/22.73, Sep 34.31/43.46/21.76, Oct 32.38/40.30/21.22, Nov 27.00/33.70/17.19, Dec 28.11/35.65/16.80. Dec 2022 25.43/31.34/18.57. All-items index Oct 2023 151.28, Nov 2023 162.76 (step after November 2023 devaluation).
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/479/YoY-NSO-Stats-Flash---December-2024.xlsx
  • Stats Flash, Consumer Price Indices August 2026 (PDF, issued 17 Sep 2026)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Year-on-year inflation 20.0 percent in August 2026, down 0.8 points from 20.8 percent in July 2026; food 13.4 percent (14.3 in July); non-food 31.8 percent (32.2). Month-to-month 2.0 percent; food 2.5, non-food 1.2. Latest CPI release available on 17 Oct 2026 (September 2026 not yet published in the NSO feed).
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/824/NSO-CPI-August-2026---Stats-Flash.pdf
  • Malawi Labour Force Survey 2024 Report (PDF, released 18 Nov 2025)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Fieldwork 26 May to 31 July 2024 (PDF p.13), 680 EAs. Working-age population defined as 15-64: 10,996,589; labour force 5,319,370; employed 4,271,923; unemployed 1,047,447; unemployment rate 19.7 percent; LFPR 48.4; EPR 38.8; informal sector 3,907,907 vs formal 364,017. Table 5.4 (PDF p.24) employment by main economic activity: agriculture, forestry and fishing 39.3 percent of employed (male 37.7, female 41.2, urban 8.9, rural 49.2, North 49.6, Central 41.8, South 33.8). Definition (PDF p.14/20): employed persons 'do not include those who worked on their own land to produce crops for family consumption (not for sale) and worked fewer than 48 hours'. Table 10.1 (PDF p.32) proportion of working age population in the agricultural sector 35.1 percent (rural 43.9, urban 8.0). Population estimate 20,300,655, 82.2 percent rural.
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/651/Malawi-Labor-Force-Survey-Report---2024.pdf
  • Malawi 2024 Labour Force Survey Factsheet (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Labour force 5,319,370; EPR 38.8; unemployment rate 19.7; labour underutilisation 55.5; LFPR 48.4 (male 54.2, female 43.3); informal employment 89.3 percent males, 94 percent females, 79.3 urban, 95.5 rural; informality in the agricultural sector 97.6 percent (male 97.1, female 98.2).
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/650/Labour-Force-Survey-Factsheet.pdf
  • Malawi Labour Force Survey 2013 (PDF, April 2014, IHSN catalogue copy)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Fieldwork December 2012 to March 2013. Table 4.5 Employment by industry (PDF p.46, report p.25): agriculture, forestry and fishing 64.1 percent of employed persons aged 15-64 (male 58.5, female 69.9, urban 16.4, rural 70.4; North 69.6, Central 67.7, South 58.3); wholesale and retail 16.2; manufacturing 4.1. Definitions based on the pre-2013 ICLS standard (own-use production counted in employment), not comparable with LFS 2024.
    https://catalog.ihsn.org/catalog/6722/download/81153
  • Sixth Integrated Household Survey (IHS6) 2024-2025 Cross-Section Report (PDF, June 2026)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Fieldwork July 2024 to July 2025. Ch.8 (PDF p.80): 85.7 percent of households participate in agricultural activities (rural 92.1, urban 54.3; Central 86.4, Southern 85.4, Northern 83.8); 78.0 percent rainy-season crops, 21.6 dimba, 37.0 tree, 46.4 livestock. PDF p.82: average cultivated plot size 0.86 acres (rural 0.84, urban 1.20; North 1.09, Central 0.99, South 0.68); plots 0-1 acre 73.4 percent, 1-2 acres 20.5, 2-4 acres 4.9, 6+ acres 0.5. PDF p.88: 0.9 percent of cultivated plots irrigated, inorganic fertiliser on 48.9 percent of plots. PDF p.94: 22.0 percent of agricultural households enrolled in FISP 2024/25. PDF p.70: 44.3 percent of persons 15-64 engaged in household agricultural or fishing activities (rural 52.3, urban 10.7), 29.2 percent ganyu labour, 8.0 percent wage/salary.
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/782/IHS6_Cross_Section-Report.pdf
  • Monetary Poverty and Inequality Report, IHS6 2024/25 (PDF, published 14 Oct 2026)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Cost of Basic Needs, person-weighted, 2,215 kcal. Table 1 (PDF p.6): poverty headcount IHS5 2019/20 50.7, IHS6 2024/25 47.3 (-3.4 pp); ultra-poverty 20.5 to 24.0; poverty gap 17.0 to 15.7; squared poverty gap 7.6 to 7.1; ultra-poverty gap 4.8 to 6.4; Gini 37.9 to 39.9. Lines IHS6: food (ultra) poverty line MWK 1,071.1 per person per day, non-food allowance 491.5, total poverty line MWK 1,562.6 per day (IHS5 nominal 454.5 and 277.5 per day). PDF p.25: rural poverty 56.6 to 52.6, urban 19.2 to 20.9. PDF p.29: ultra-poverty rural 23.6 to 27.3, urban 3.3 to 8.1. Southern Region poverty 55.8, Northern 41.0, Central 40.4; Rural South poverty 62.3, ultra 35.0. PDF p.6: the food poverty line was 68.5 percent of the total poverty line in IHS6 against 61.1 percent in IHS5, which helps explain how food poverty can rise when the total poverty headcount falls.
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/834/Malawi_Poverty_and_Inequality_Report_IHS6_Final.pdf
  • Malawi Poverty Report 2020 (IHS5 2019/20) (PDF, World Bank Microdata Library copy, catalog 3818)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · PDF p.17: poverty reduced from 51.5 percent in 2016/2017 (IHS4) to 50.7 percent in 2019/2020. PDF p.18: rural 56.6 (2016/17 59.5), urban 19.2 (2016/17 17.7); Central 55.8, Southern 51.0, Northern 32.9. PDF p.22: ultra-poverty 20.5 percent in 2019/2020 vs 20.1 in 2016/2017; rural 23.6 (23.8), urban 3.3 (4.1). Poverty lines K165,879 (IHS5) vs K137,428 (IHS4) per person per year; ultra K101,293. The NSO copy (cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/3/...) returned HTTP 500 on 17 Oct 2026.
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3818/download/51154
  • The Fifth Integrated Household Survey (IHS5) 2020 Report (PDF, World Bank Microdata Library copy)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Conducted April 2019 to March 2020. PDF p.106: 84.7 percent of households engaged in agricultural activities (rural 92.8, urban 43.7); 78.7 percent owned or cultivated a rainy-season plot, 18.4 dimba, 35.2 tree crops, 43.4 livestock. PDF p.109: average cultivated plot size 1.3 acres (GPS-measured); plots 0-1 acre 47.9, 1-2 acres 31.2, 2-4 16.4, 4-6 3.0, 6+ 1.5. PDF p.113: 0.8 percent of cultivated plots irrigated (2018/19 rainy season). PDF p.86: 78.1 percent of individuals in income-generating activities engaged in household agricultural or fishing activities (rural 88.3, urban 31.2).
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3818/download/49046
  • 2018 Malawi Population and Housing Census Main Report (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2.1: total population 2018 17,563,749 (2008 13,077,160), intercensal growth 2.9. Table 2.4 (PDF p.23): urban 16.0 percent, rural 84.0 percent (2008 15.3/84.7). Households 3,984,929 (PDF p.42). Labour force 6,614,065; employed 5,389,463 (81.5 percent) (PDF p.40). Table D8 (PDF p.131): population aged 15-64 by industry, total 5,389,463, agriculture forestry and fishing 3,921,887 (male 1,731,431, female 2,190,456).
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/270/2018-Malawi-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report.pdf
  • National Census of Agriculture (NACA) 2025 Report (PDF, released 16 Mar 2026)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Data collected January-February 2025, reference agricultural season 2023/2024, household (smallholder) questionnaire 29,782 households in 1,992 EAs. Exec summary (PDF p.15-17): 46.1 percent of agricultural households mainly subsistence with some sale, 40.0 percent subsistence only, 12.3 percent primarily commercial with some consumption, 1.6 percent primarily commercial; 81.9 percent unregistered land parcels, 3.9 percent registered; 71.8 percent of land customary, 20.9 freehold, 4.7 leasehold; 'around 2.67 million smallholder agricultural households were enumerated' (Southern about 1.2 million, Central about 1.0 million, Northern 307,057 - wording identical to NACAL 2006/07, see findings); total parcel/garden size 3,543,752 ha (self-reported), average 0.9 ha per holding (North 1.1, Central 1.0, South 0.7; male-headed 1.0, female-headed 0.7); 69,469 ha (2.2 percent) under irrigation; AIP beneficiaries 26.2 percent. Table 3.10 (PDF p.139) holdings by size, Malawi: 0.200-0.499 ha 37.7, 0.500-0.999 ha 29.6, 1.000-2 ha+ 23.7, 3+ ha 9.0 (class labels as printed). Maize yield 1,526.8 kg/ha on 1,135,762.8 ha pure stand.
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/724/NACA_2025-REPORT.pdf
  • NACA 2025 Key Findings (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Census January-February 2025, 29,648 farming households in 1,994 EAs (differs slightly from main report 29,782 / 1,992). Average household size 4.9; 61.1 percent male-headed; 71.8 percent customary land; average land size 0.9 ha; irrigation on 2.2 percent of rainy-season land; 52.6 percent use modern seed; 69.0 percent inorganic fertiliser; 38.7 percent access to extension; credit applied 11.1 percent (Central), 10.2 (South), 9.5 (North); VSLA most common source of funds 21.7 percent, commercial banks 2.4 percent.
    https://cms.nsomalawi.mw/api/download/735/NACA-2025-Key-Findings.pdf
  • National Census of Agriculture and Livestock 2006/07 Main Report (PDF, April 2010, IHSN catalogue copy)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Conducted October 2006 to October 2007, 25,000 households, areas measured by GPS. Table 2.1 (PDF p.26): total holders 2,665,565 (Northern 318,572, Central 1,091,757, Southern 1,255,236); total area under crop 2,239,542 ha. Section 2.2: 'around 2.67 million holders' (Southern 1.2 million, Central 1 million, northern 307,057 holders); average holding size 1 ha (North 1.178, Central 1.145, South 0.732 ha); three out of four holdings under 1 ha. Summary: 2.5 million holdings, 7.7 million parcels; more than three quarters of land customary; about 3 percent of households received credit; about half benefited from fertilizer subsidy. Table 2.4 size classes: <0.100, 0.100-0.199, 0.200-0.499, 0.500-0.999, 1.000-1.999, 2.000+ ha; Malawi mean 0.964 ha (row values as extracted 5, 7, 26, 34, 19, 8 percent - layout uncertain, see findings).
    https://catalog.ihsn.org/catalog/4578/download/58288
  • NSO website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NSO is the main government department responsible for collection and dissemination of official statistics, operating under the 2013 Statistics Act; 2018 Population and Housing Census was the sixth since independence.
    https://www.nsomalawi.mw/

Registrar of Financial Institutions (Reserve Bank of Malawi)

  • Financial Institutions Annual Report for 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 1.3 Distribution of Loans by Sector (K billion) 2021–2025: Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 136.7, 155.6, 210.8, 270.6, 374.5. Total 868.7, 1,070.3, 1,328.7, 1,661.6, 2,470.4. Agriculture 15.2 percent of total loans 2025, increase K104.0 billion. NPLs to total loans 4.6 percent 2025 from 9.5 percent 2024. Table 1.1 eight banks each year 2021–2025 (4 domestic, 4 foreign). Microfinance 218 licensed and registered: 7 deposit taking, 30 non-deposit taking, 140 microcredit agencies, 41 financial cooperatives. Financial cooperatives total assets K156.5 billion, gross loans K104.6 billion. Eight general insurers, insurance revenue K145.0 billion, motor 50.6 percent. Register at 31 Dec 2025: DFIs Export Development Fund, Malawi Agricultural and Industrial Investment Corporation Plc, NBM Development Bank Limited; CRBs TransUnion Limited and Credit Data CRB Limited. Table 11.13 (PDF p.71-72) Gross Premium Written for General Insurers (K million), Agriculture row: 2021 0, 2022 0, 2023 0, 2024 960.0, 2025 1,225.6 (total 2025 127,472.6). Section 9.1: the Financial Services (Amendment) Act, 2024 became effective on 31 January 2025; the Insurance Bill, 2024 was assented to and published in the Gazette in January 2025 and came into force on 1 May 2025. Twelve-month awareness campaign on credit reporting and movable asset-based lending with IFC.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63624
  • Financial Institutions Annual Report for 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 1.3 Distribution of loans by sector (K bn) 2017–2021: Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 97.9, 94.3, 122.8, 120.8, 136.8. Total 427.6, 499.9, 637.3, 724.6, 871.6. Credit Reference Bureau Act 2010 (as amended in 2016) listed.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=55391
  • Financial Institutions Annual Report for 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 1.3 Distribution of loans by sector (K bn) 2016–2020: Agriculture 81.9, 97.9, 94.3, 122.8, 120.8. Total 417.7, 422.1, 499.9, 637.3, 729.34.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=50445
  • Financial Institutions Supervision Annual Report 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2.3 Sectoral Distribution of loans (MK bn) 2014–2018: Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 59.5, 93.7, 81.9, 97.9, 94.3. Total 303.7, 397.2, 417.7, 422.1, 499.9.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=32082
  • Financial Institutions Supervision Annual Report 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Sectoral distribution of bank loans (percent) 2012–2016: Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 17.8, 21.5, 19.6, 23.6, 19.6.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=18604
  • Financial Institutions Supervision Annual Report 2014 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2.4 Distribution of Loans by Sector percent: agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 21.5 (2013), 19.6 (2014).
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=5157

Reserve Bank of Malawi

  • Statistics – Major Foreign Exchange Rates, daily RBM buying/middle/selling rates with date filter (web page)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · RBM posted MWK per USD rates (buying/middle/selling) read via the page date filter. 16 Oct 2026 1717.0236/1734.0118/1751.0000. 8 Nov 2023 1157.2706/1168.7803/1180.2900, 9 Nov 2023 1666.7326/1683.3663/1700.0000 (step change). 20 Mar 2024 1666.7326/1683.3663/1700.0000, 21 Mar 2024 1716.7334/1733.8667/1751.0000. From 9 Jul 2024 1717.0236/1734.0118/1751.0000. 31 Dec 2024 1717.0236/1734.0118/1751.0000. 31 Dec 2025 1717.0236/1734.0118/1751.0000. 31 Aug 2026 1717.0236/1734.0118/1751.0000. Own calculation from all daily rows: 2023 average middle 1150.6537 (248 days), 2024 average buying 1705.8321 middle 1722.7835 selling 1739.7349 (249 days), 2025 and 1 Jan to 16 Oct 2026 constant at 1717.0236/1734.0118/1751.0000.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Statistics/MajorRates/
  • September 2026 Exchange Rates – Selected Actual Market Foreign Exchange Rates (XLSX, sheets Daily rates, End Rates, Average Rates, Annual Averages)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Workbook titled Selected Market Foreign Exchange Rates, MWK per US dollar buying/selling/middle. Despite the title, this is the official rate series that the IMF republishes (end-2023 1,697.9785 in both). Annual averages USD: 2020 middle 749.5275, 2021 805.8990, 2022 949.0390, 2023 1161.0944, 2024 buying 1737.1315 selling 1739.5477 middle 1738.3396, 2025 buying 1749.4910 selling 1750.9343 middle 1750.2127. End-month USD (End Rates sheet): Dec 2022 middle 1034.6746, Oct 2023 1179.8297, Nov 2023 1699.3119, row dated 28 Dec 2023 buying 1695.9570 selling 1700.0000 middle 1697.9785, row dated 28 Dec 2024 buying 1748.8607 selling 1751.0000 middle 1749.9304, 31 Dec 2025 buying 1747.0586 selling 1750.9355 middle 1748.9971, 31 Aug 2026 buying 1744.1107 selling 1751.0000 middle 1747.5554, 30 Sep 2026 buying 1747.6277 selling 1751.0000 middle 1749.3139. Monthly averages middle: Dec 2024 1749.9804, Dec 2025 1750.1071, Aug 2026 1750.0192, Sep 2026 1750.2107.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Statistics/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63786
  • Press Release – Operational Changes to the Foreign Exchange Market, 8 November 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated 8 November 2023, signed Governor Wilson T. Banda. Authorised Dealer Banks permitted to freely negotiate exchange rates with clients and among themselves. RBM to buy and sell FX through competitive auctions at market determined prices, purchase auctions switched from monthly to fortnightly, sales only to address disorderly market conditions. No percentage stated in the release.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=57330
  • Monetary Policy Report January 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Section 1.3: following the exchange rate realignment effected in November 2023 the kwacha USD TT rate stood at K1,697.98 per US dollar on 31 December 2023 after losing 50.7 percent during 2023Q4. Kwacha lost 57.5 percent, 56.5 percent and 52.2 percent against the pound, euro and rand. Bureaux USD cash rate K1,930.53 on 31 December 2023 (market, not official).
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=57536
  • Press Release – False Information on Devaluation Circulating on Social Media, 2 August 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · RBM states there has been no devaluation of the Malawi Kwacha since November 2023 and that a social media report of a 25 percent devaluation was false. Dated 2 August 2024.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=59904
  • Press Release – Speculation on Devaluation of the Kwacha, 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · RBM devalued the Malawi kwacha against the US dollar by 25 percent on 27 May 2022 under the RBM Act 2018.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=54362
  • Press Release – Commencement of the Foreign Exchange (Repatriation of Export Proceeds) Directive, 2025 and Reconciliation of Export Proceeds (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Directive issued under section 59(1) of the Foreign Exchange Act 2025, commenced 1 August 2025. Export proceeds to be repatriated within 120 days. Monetary penalty 150 percent of value of goods or services not repatriated, possible deregistration, fine K200,000,000 and imprisonment up to seven years on conviction.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61842
  • Interest Rate Monthly Average Figures Jan 1980 – Jun 2026 (XLSX)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Sheet Selected Rates (December values): Policy rate 2010 13, 2011 13, 2012 25, 2013 25, 2014 25, 2015 27, 2016 24, 2017 16, 2018 16, 2019 13.5, 2020 12, 2021 12, 2022 18, 2023 24, 2024 26, 2025 26, Jun 2026 24. Lending Rate/Reference Rate 2010 17.73125, 2011 17.73125, 2012 36.0714, 2013 37.6786, 2014 37.8571, 2015 35.7143, 2016 33.2143, 2017 26.625, 2018 24.75, 2019 12.0, 2020 12.0, 2021 12.175, 2022 17.3, 2023 23.6, 2024 25.3, 2025 25.3, Jan 2026 25.2, Feb 24.7, Mar 22.4, Apr 20.8, May 20.6, Jun 2026 20.4. Sheet Commercial Banks Averages, Maximum Lending rate (Dec) 2010 27, 2011 27, 2012 43.5, 2013 45.8864, 2014 45.85, 2015 44.1, 2016 41.8125, 2017 34.875, 2018 32.2857, 2019 24.2944, 2020 23.9675, 2021 23.8175, 2022 29.3225, 2023 35.6225, 2024 37.135, 2025 37.2725, Jun 2026 32.3725. Savings deposit rate Dec 2025 4.265625.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Statistics/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63654
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, First Meeting of 2020, 30 January 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 29–30 Jan 2020. Policy rate maintained at 13.5 percent, Lombard rate 0.4 percentage points above policy rate, LRR 5 percent local currency and 3.75 percent foreign currency deposits.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=35404
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, 1 April 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Meeting advanced to 1 April 2020 because of Covid-19. LRR on domestic currency deposits cut by 125 basis points to 3.75 percent, Lombard rate reduced to 0.2 percentage points above policy rate, policy rate maintained at 13.5 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=37534
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, 31 July 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 30–31 Jul 2020. Policy rate maintained at 13.5 percent, Lombard 0.2 pp above, LRR 3.75 percent on local and foreign currency deposits.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=39750
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Fourth Meeting of 2020, 6 November 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 5–6 Nov 2020. Policy rate reduced to 12.0 percent (from 13.5). LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 basis points above policy rate.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=42963
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, First Meeting of 2021, 26 January 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Policy rate maintained at 12.0 percent, LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=46116
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Second Meeting of 2021, 29 April 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Policy rate maintained at 12.0 percent, LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=48311
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Third Meeting of 2021, 30 July 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Policy rate maintained at 12.0 percent, LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=50511
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Fourth Meeting of 2021, 3 November 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 2–3 Nov 2021. Policy rate maintained at 12.0 percent, LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=51742
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, First Meeting of 2022, 3 February 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 2–3 Feb 2022. Policy rate maintained at 12.0 percent, LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=53926
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Second Meeting of 2022, 29 April 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Policy rate raised by 200 basis points to 14.0 percent. LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=54115
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Third Meeting of 2022, 27 July 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Policy rate maintained at 14.0 percent, LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=54314
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Fourth Meeting of 2022, 26 October 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 25–26 Oct 2022. Policy rate raised by 400 basis points to 18.0 percent. LRR 3.75 percent on domestic and foreign currency deposits, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=55509
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, First Meeting of 2023, 2 February 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 1–2 Feb 2023. Policy rate maintained at 18.0 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=55716
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Second Meeting of 2023, 27 April 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 26–27 Apr 2023. Policy rate raised by 400 basis points to 22.0 percent, LRR on domestic currency deposits raised by 200 bp to 5.75 percent, LRR foreign currency 3.75 percent and Lombard 20 bp above maintained.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=55980
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Third Meeting of 2023, 27 July 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 26 Jul 2023. Policy rate raised by 200 bp to 24.0 percent, LRR on domestic deposits raised by 200 bp to 7.75 percent, LRR foreign currency 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=56080
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Fourth Meeting of 2023, 27 October 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 26–27 Oct 2023. Policy rate maintained at 24.0 percent, Lombard 20 bp above, LRR 7.75 percent domestic and 3.75 percent foreign currency deposits.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=57284
  • Statement of the First 2024 Monetary Policy Committee Meeting, 1 February 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 31 Jan – 1 Feb 2024. Policy rate raised by 200 bp to 26.0 percent. Lombard 20 bp above, LRR 7.75 percent domestic and 3.75 percent foreign currency deposits.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=57518
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Second Meeting of 2024, 3 May 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 2–3 May 2024. Policy rate maintained at 26.0 percent, LRR on domestic currency deposits raised by 100 bp to 8.75 percent, foreign currency LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=58702
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Third Meeting of 2024, 25 July 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 24–25 Jul 2024. Policy rate maintained at 26.0 percent, LRR 8.75 percent domestic and 3.75 percent foreign currency, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=59890
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Fourth Meeting of 2024, 4 November 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 4 Nov 2024. Policy rate maintained at 26.0 percent, LRR on domestic currency deposits raised by 125 bp to 10.0 percent, foreign currency LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 20 bp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61129
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, First Meeting of 2025, 30 January 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 29–30 Jan 2025. Policy rate maintained at 26.0 percent, Lombard 20 bp above, LRR 10.0 percent local and 3.75 percent foreign currency. Kwacha USD TT rate K1,749.93 per US dollar at end 2024Q4. Bureaux USD cash rate K1,934.26 on 31 Dec 2024 (market).
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61313
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Second Meeting of 2025, 7 May 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 6–7 May 2025. Policy rate maintained at 26.0 percent, Lombard 20 bp above, LRR 10.0 percent and 3.75 percent. TT rate K1,750.25 per US dollar at end 2025Q1, bureau cash rate K1,935.93 on 31 Mar 2025 (market).
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61621
  • Statement of the Third Monetary Policy Committee Meeting of 2025, 31 July 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 30–31 Jul 2025. Policy rate maintained at 26.0 percent, Lombard 20 bp above, LRR 10.0 percent local and 3.75 percent foreign. TT rate K1,750.48 per US dollar on 30 Jun 2025, bureau cash rate K1,937.41 (market).
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61802
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Fourth Meeting of 2025, 29 October 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 28–29 Oct 2025. Policy rate maintained at 26.0 percent, Lombard 20 bp above, LRR 10.0 percent domestic and 3.75 percent foreign. TT rate MWK1,750.37 per US dollar on 30 Sep 2025, bureau cash rate MWK1,937.41 (market). Inflation 28.1 percent in 2025Q3.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=62020
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, First Meeting of 2026, 5 March 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 4–5 Mar 2026. Policy rate reduced by 200 basis points from 26.0 to 24.0 percent. Lombard 20 bp above, LRR 10.0 percent local and 3.75 percent foreign currency deposits.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63286
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Second Meeting of 2026, 30 April 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 29–30 Apr 2026. Policy rate maintained at 24.0 percent, LRR on local currency deposits raised to 12.0 percent from 10.0 percent, foreign currency LRR 3.75 percent, Lombard 0.2 pp above.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63419
  • Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee, Third Meeting of 2026, 6 August 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Met 5–6 Aug 2026, chaired by Dr George Partridge. Policy rate maintained at 24.0 percent, LRR 12.0 percent local and 3.75 percent foreign currency, Lombard 0.2 pp above. Inflation 22.9 percent 2026Q2 from 24.3 percent 2026Q1, projected 22.0 percent 2026 vs 28.4 percent 2025. Growth projected 2.8 percent 2026 vs 2.5 percent 2025. Broad money growth 21.3 percent 2026Q2. Next meeting 28–29 Oct 2026, decision 29 Oct 2026.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63658
  • Financial Stability Report June 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Banking sector: Community, Social and Personal Services 38.0 percent, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 16.5 percent, Manufacturing 14.2 percent, together 68.2 percent (K1.9 trillion) of total industry credit of K2.7 trillion as at June 2026. NPLs K97.9 billion, of which four sectors (CSPS 37.1, Restaurants and Hotels 27.5, Wholesale and Retail 14.3, Construction 11.4 percent) 90.5 percent (K88.7 billion). NPL ratio 3.6 percent June 2026 from 4.4 percent Dec 2025, capital 23.0 percent from 20.1 percent. Table 1 NPL ratio 9.4, 5.1, 4.4 percent (Dec 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025). Mobile money trust account balances K269.3 billion end June 2026. SACCOs total assets K175.9 billion (+13.6 percent), NPL ratio 4.2 percent (4.1 Dec 2025), core capital 27.9 percent, five SACCOs undercapitalised.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63718
  • Financial Stability Report December 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 4.4 percent end-December 2025 (June 2025 5.1 percent). Banking assets K9.9 trillion. Loans grew 13.8 percent (K302.2 billion) to K2.5 trillion. Three of eleven sectors 67.8 percent of loan portfolio, footnote 8: agriculture, forest, fishing and hunting 15.0 percent, CSPS 37.9 percent, manufacturing 14.9 percent. SACCO NPL ratio 4.1 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63413
  • Financial Stability Report June 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 5.1 percent end June 2025. Gross loans and leases grew 31.6 percent to K2.2 trillion, total assets K8.5 trillion. Footnote 7: agriculture, forest, fishing and hunting 20.1 percent, CSPS 37.5 percent, manufacturing 17.5 percent of loans.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=62047
  • Financial Stability Report December 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 9.4 percent Dec 2024 from 8.3 percent June 2024, NPLs K158.2 billion from K127.0 billion, gross loans +9.1 percent to K1.7 trillion. NPL sectors Restaurants and Hotels 20.9, Wholesale and Retail 17.5, CSPS 15.9, Construction 14.4 percent (68.7 percent). Gross loans CSPS 34.8, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 16.0, Wholesale and Retail 13.4, Manufacturing 10.6 percent (74.8 percent) as of Dec 2024.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61574
  • Financial Stability Report June 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 8.3 percent June 2024 from 6.1 percent Dec 2023. NPLs +56.1 percent to K127.0 billion, gross loans +15.7 percent to K1.5 trillion. Three sectors 64.1 percent of loans, CSPS 33.1, Wholesale and Retail 17.2, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 13.9 percent. NPLs Restaurants and Hotels 25.4, Wholesale 17.7, CSPS 16.1 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61013
  • Financial Stability Report December 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 6.1 percent Dec 2023 from 6.9 percent June 2023. Gross loans and leases +17.2 percent to K1.3 trillion. Top three sectors 66.8 percent of gross loans. Tobacco proceeds 2022/2023 season US$280.0 million. Stress test credit shock for agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 30/40/60 percent increase in NPLs (minor/moderate/major).
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=58656
  • Financial Stability Report December 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 6.3 percent Dec 2022 from 6.1 percent June 2022. Table 4 gross loans K809.3bn Jun-21, 868.6 Dec-21, 990.8 Jun-22, 1,070.0 Dec-22, NPLs 53.2, 39.1, 60.0, 66.6. CSPS 32.2, wholesale 17.7, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 14.5 percent of loan book (64.3 percent). NPLs wholesale 29.2, restaurants 23.0, CSPS 19.4 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=55769
  • Financial Stability Report December 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 4.5 percent Dec 2021 from 6.6 percent June 2021. Gross loans and leases CSPS 29.5, wholesale and retail 22.2, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 15.7 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=53998
  • Financial Stability Report December 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 6.2 percent end Dec 2020 from 6.6 percent June 2020. Gross loans and leases +10.9 percent to K724.6 billion. Top three sectors 55.9 percent of gross loans, wholesale and retail 22.7, agriculture 16.7, CSPS 16.6 percent. 62.7 percent of NPLs in wholesale, electricity and one further sector. Loan moratorium extended to June 2021.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=46190
  • Financial Stability Report December 2019 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 6.3 percent Dec 2019 from 4.8 percent June 2019. Gross loans K637.3 billion Dec 2019, NPLs K40.3 billion. Gross loans concentrated in wholesale and retail 23.0, agriculture 19.3, manufacturing 13.9 percent. Wholesale and retail 35.1 percent of NPLs.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=36459
  • Financial Stability Report December 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPL ratio 6.1 percent Dec 2018 from 12.7 percent June 2018, NPLs K31.4 billion from K61.6 billion, gross loans +5.4 percent to K513.0 billion. Wholesale and retail 23.3 percent (K119.4 bn), agriculture 18.5 percent (K95.0 bn), manufacturing 17.4 percent (K89.5 bn) of gross loans. NPLs wholesale 51.5, manufacturing 11.1, agriculture 10.2 percent of total NPLs, three sectors 72.7 percent (K22.8 bn). Nine banks.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=29625
  • Financial Stability Report December 2017 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Industry NPL ratio 15.7 percent Dec 2017 vs 15.1 percent March 2017. Stress test (Sept 2017 data): wholesale and retail, agriculture and manufacturing 25.5, 20.2 and 18.8 percent of gross loans and leases.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=21802
  • Financial Stability Report December 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPLs to gross loans and leases worsened from 11.6 percent September 2015 to 14.7 percent September 2016. Bank lending survey: 20.0 percent of banks ranked agriculture second for NPLs.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=12121
  • Financial Stability Report December 2013 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Ratio of NPLs to gross loans and leases 13.6 percent September 2013 from 11.6 percent March 2013. Credit to the agricultural sector increased to 12.5 percent in September 2013 from 10.2 percent March 2013 and 9.1 percent September 2012 (denominator as stated in report). Agriculture credit grew 24.9 percent March–September 2013.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=4152
  • Financial Stability Report December 2012 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NPLs to gross loans and leases 6.5 percent September 2012 from 4.8 percent March 2012, 3.7 percent September 2011.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=3729
  • Financial Stability Report December 2011 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Ratio of NPLs to gross loans and leases declined to 1.9 percent (six months to September 2011) from 2.1 percent March 2011. Text notes no sectoral NPL breakdown was available at that time.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=3682
  • Monthly Economic Review July 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2 Sectoral Composition of Private Sector Credit (percent of total credit), Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting: Jul 2025 24.2, Aug 21.8, Sep 22.3, Oct 21.4, Nov 19.6, Dec 2025 18.8, Jan 2026 20.9, Feb 23.1, Mar 21.4, Apr 21.2, May 21.7, Jun 20.0, Jul 2026 18.8. Provisions for losses Jul 2026 -6.0. Private sector credit annual growth 26.8 percent July 2026, stock up K54.9 billion to K2.6 trillion. Net repayments by agriculture K11.6 billion in July 2026.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63729
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2 agriculture share of private sector credit: Dec 2024 19.4, Jan 2025 22.3, Feb 21.5, Mar 21.6, Apr 21.9, May 22.5, Jun 24.1, Jul 24.2, Aug 21.8, Sep 22.3, Oct 21.4, Nov 19.6, Dec 2025 18.8 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63423
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2 agriculture share of private sector credit: Nov 2023 19.3, Dec 2023 18.6, Jan 2024 19.5 ... Dec 2024 19.9 percent (later revised to 19.4 in the Dec 2025 issue).
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61368
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2 agriculture share of private sector credit: Dec 2022 14.6, Jan 2023 14.3 ... Nov 2023 19.3, Dec 2023 18.6 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=57531
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2022 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2 agriculture share of private sector credit: Dec 2021 14.6, Jan 2022 15.4 ... Dec 2022 15.2 percent (Dec 2022 later revised to 14.6).
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=55729
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2021 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Table 2 agriculture share of private sector credit: Dec 2020 18.3, Jan 2021 18.5 ... Dec 2021 15.4 percent (Dec 2021 later revised to 14.6).
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=54075
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2020 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting held 18.9 percent of outstanding private sector credit in December 2020 (later revised to 18.3). Wholesale and retail 23.7 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=46174
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2019 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agriculture sector 22.2 percent of outstanding private sector credit Dec 2019, wholesale and retail 24.3 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=35440
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2018 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agriculture 20.8 percent of outstanding private sector credit stock Dec 2018, wholesale and retail 25.3 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=27620
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2017 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agriculture 25.3 percent of total private sector credit Dec 2017, wholesale and retail 26.1 percent. Credit to agriculture increased K7.7 billion in the month.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=21830
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2016 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agriculture 21.1 percent of outstanding private sector credit Dec 2016, wholesale and retail 25.0 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=12233
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2015 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agriculture 37.5 percent of stock of private sector credit Dec 2015, wholesale and retail 21.1, manufacturing 15.8 percent. Credit flow Dec 2015 to agriculture 44.4 percent or K12.4 billion.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=7618
  • Monthly Economic Review December 2014 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agriculture 20.6 percent of private sector credit Dec 2014, wholesale and retail 23.3 percent.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=4853
  • Bank Supervision Annual Report 2012 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Loan book: wholesale and retail 21.7 percent, agriculture 17.8 percent, energy 1.3 percent (2012). Initiated amendment of Credit Reference Bureau Act to make submission of credit information to all licensed bureaux mandatory. Bank rate raised from 13.0 to 16.0 percent in May 2012 and further in July.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=4008
  • Bank Supervision Annual Report 2010 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · States that 2010 saw the enactment by Parliament of the Financial Services Act 2010, the Credit Reference Bureau Act 2010 and the Banking Act 2010. Assent and commencement dates not given.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=3646
  • 2025 National Payments System (NPS) Report (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Mobile money subscriptions (cumulative registered wallets) +23.3 percent to 19.9 million in 2025, 185,758 in 2012. Active 30-day about 8.9 million (44.8 percent), 90-day about 11.7 million (58.8 percent). Registered agents +43.4 percent to 704,888, active 90-day agents 482,188. Internet banking subscribers 355,507, mobile banking subscribers 2.0 million. No split by operator.
    https://www.rbm.mw/PaymentSystems/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63344
  • National Payments System (NPS) Report – First Quarter 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Registered mobile money wallets declined 5.4 percent to 18.9 million in Q1 2026 from 19.9 million in Q4 2025 due to removal of inactive accounts. Men 55.3 percent, women 44.7 percent of registrations.
    https://www.rbm.mw/PaymentSystems/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63712
  • Malawi – Transforming High-potential Resilient Value Chains (M-THRiVE) safeguard document (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Partial Credit Guarantee scheme operating under FInES to be transitioned to a portfolio scheme with an SME window for direct and indirect exporters covering loans with 50 percent risk sharing plus a shock responsive fund. After the project the PCG will continue under the Malawi Agriculture and Industrial Investment Corporation (MAIIC).
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63298
  • Disclosure of the MAIIC ESG Policy Addendum 1 of the THRiVE Partial Credit Guarantee, posted 14 Oct 2026 (Office file)landing page verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Listed under What is New on the RBM site on 14 Oct 2026. Cited for the existence of the MAIIC role in the THRiVE PCG.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=63807
  • RBM website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · RBM was established under an Act of Parliament in July 1964 (Chapter 44:02) and started operations in June 1965 in Blantyre.
    https://www.rbm.mw/
  • Financial Sector Regulation Department – About (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · FSR Department established 22 August 2017 within the Supervision Function, following the Registrar of Financial Institutions' decision to separate regulation from supervision; handles licensing (entry control) anchored on the Financial Services Act 2010, the Credit Reference Bureau Act 2010 and the Credit Reference Bureau (Amendment) Act 2016.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/About/

Reserve Bank of Malawi (Government text)

  • Reserve Bank of Malawi Act, 2018, Act No. 3 of 2019 (PDF, scanned)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Page 1: Published 15 February 2019, Act No. 3 of 2019, assent 25th January, 2019 (Mutharika). Page 4 s.1: may be cited as the Reserve Bank of Malawi Act, 2018 and shall come into force on a date the Minister may appoint by notice in the Gazette. Parts: establishment, objectives, independence, capital (Part II), board, governor (Part III).
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=29715
  • Financial Services Act, Act No. 26 of 2010 (PDF, scanned)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Page 1: Published 30th July, 2010, Act No. 26 of 2010, assent 29th July, 2010. Part II The Reserve Bank and the Registrar: s.8 Registrar of Financial Institutions, s.9 additional function of the Reserve Bank; Division 2 supervisory levies.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=3743
  • Banking Act, Act No. 10 of 2010 (PDF, scanned)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Page 1: Published 11th January, 2010, Act No. 10 of 2010, assent 8th January, 2010. Parts: licensing of banks; prudential supervision (capital funds and minimum capital ratios, bad debt provisions).
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=3748
  • Insurance Act, Act No. 9 of 2010 (PDF, scanned)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Page 1: Published 11th January, 2010, Act No. 9 of 2010, assent 8th January, 2010. Parts: insurers (categories and classes, licensing, margin of solvency), conduct of insurance business.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=3744
  • Credit Reference Bureau Act, Act No. 18 of 2010 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Page 1: Published 30th April, 2010, Act No. 18 of 2010, assent 22nd April, 2010. Parts: licensing of credit reference bureaux; collection and dissemination of credit information; submission of information to and inspection by the Registrar.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=3757
  • Payment Systems Act, No. 15 of 2016 (PDF, scanned)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Gazette Supplement (No. 5C) 2nd September, 2016: Published 2nd September, 2016, Act No. 15 of 2016, assent 1st September, 2016. Parts: powers of the Reserve Bank, regulation and oversight of payment systems (licences), protection of settlement systems, netting and collateral, electronic entries.
    https://www.rbm.mw/Home/GetContentFile/?ContentID=12256

Reserve Bank of Malawi / Government of Malawi

  • 2023 Malawi Household Financial Literacy and Financial Capability Follow-Up Survey (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Figure 17: formally served 70.6 percent, banked 23.9 percent, other formal non-bank 69.2 percent, informal 38.1 percent, excluded 19.1 percent of adults (2023). Table 31: urban 87 percent included and 14 percent excluded, rural 79 percent included and 22 percent excluded. Mentions the Personal Property Security Act and the Personal Property Registry System.
    https://www.rbm.mw/MonetaryPolicy/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61668

Reserve Bank of Malawi, Bank Supervision Department

  • Guidelines on Management of Climate Related and Environmental Financial Risks in Banks and Bank Holding Companies, October 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Dated October 2024, issued by the Registrar of Financial Institutions under Section 96 of the Financial Services Act, 2010, signed by Dr McDonald M Mwale, Deputy Governor, Economics and Regulation. Covers governance (board reviews framework at least annually), internal control, risk management, scenario analysis and stress testing, and disclosure (banks and bank holding companies shall disclose at least annually in annual reports). No effective date found in the text.
    https://www.rbm.mw/FinancialSectorRegulation/GetContentFile/?ContentID=61489

TAMA Farmers Trust

  • TAMA Farmers Trust website – home (HTML)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Tobacco grower membership organisation; mission to provide services to members; operates grading centres and hessian and tobacco satellite depots; FAQ notes registration with the Tobacco Commission.
    https://www.tamalawi.com/

Tobacco Commission, Malawi

UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre for the Reserve Bank of Malawi

  • Greening the Financial Sector in Malawi, a feasibility study, December 2024 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Describes green finance in Malawi as nascent; green products and climate finance do not play a significant role in DFIs or commercial banks; absence of green bonds attributed to the small bond market lacking private issuances. Recommends exploring a green taxonomy, RBM to help foster green bonds, participation in NGFS or the Sustainable Banking and Finance Network, and climate scenario analysis. Refers to RBM guidelines on climate-related and environmental financial risk 'issued in 2023' (the RBM document itself is dated October 2024).
    https://unepccc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/reserve-bank-of-malawi-greening-the-financial-sector-in-malawi-feasibility-study.pdf

UNEP LEAP (FAOLEX records)

  • Malawi national legislation index, pages 0-41 (HTML)landing page verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Index of 398 FAOLEX records for Malawi read 17 Oct 2026, used to locate FAOLEX PDF numbers (e.g. National Agriculture Policy 2024 = LEX-FAOC233527, National Irrigation Policy 2024 = LEX-FAOC232998, Fertilizer Act 2023 = LEX-FAOC219891, DRM Act 2023 = LEX-FAOC233520 and LEX-FAOC233563, NRDS-2 = LEX-FAOC242260, National Fertiliser Policy = LEX-FAOC243996, National Social Protection Policy 2024-2029 = LEX-FAOC244832).
    https://leap.unep.org/en/countries/mw/national-legislation

UNFCCC NAP Central

United Nations Malawi, Resident Coordinator's Office

United Nations Statistics Division

  • UN Comtrade – Malawi, agri-food trade (HS chapters 01–24) by partner, 2025 (public preview API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read on 17 October 2026. One query per HS chapter and flow; the link shows tobacco exports (chapter 24). Change cmdCode (01–24) and flowCode (X/M) for the other series. Malawi had reported 2025 data (classification H6), so 2025 is the latest full year. Totals 2025 (own sums of chapters): exports US$855.1 m, imports US$457.3 m. Largest export partners (US$ m): Belgium 171.10, China 61.37, India 49.47, United States 42.10, Egypt 35.75, Poland 33.42, Türkiye 32.55, Zimbabwe 30.02, South Africa 28.60, United Kingdom 24.85. Largest import partners: South Africa 75.75, Mozambique 72.23, Malaysia 68.96, Zambia 58.52, Tanzania 58.43, Australia 21.07, Kenya 15.55, Russia 11.63, Zimbabwe 8.71, Argentina 8.59. Largest export chapters: 24 tobacco 610.3 (Belgium 169.68, China 60.39, Egypt 34.64, Poland 33.05, Türkiye 31.21, Russia 22.84), 09 coffee, tea and spices 67.9 (United Kingdom 23.47, South Africa 14.09), 07 vegetables 56.2 (India 48.66), 08 fruit and nuts 31.0, 17 sugar 25.4 (Kenya 11.76, United States 7.77), 23 residues and feed 25.0, 12 oilseeds 17.8 (Kenya 6.82). Largest import chapters: 15 fats and oils 94.8 (Malaysia 68.49), 24 tobacco 88.0 (Zambia 43.77, Mozambique 36.92), 10 cereals 82.8 (Tanzania 36.57, Australia 20.86, Russia 11.63), 21 food preparations 31.4, 11 milling products 31.1 (Mozambique 14.00, Tanzania 8.06). Own groupings: SADC members 11.1% of exports and 61.7% of imports, EU-27 37.3% and 3.7%.
    https://comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=454&period=2025&flowCode=X&cmdCode=24&motCode=0&customsCode=C00&partner2Code=0
  • UN Comtrade – Malawi, agri-food trade by HS chapter (01–24), world partner, 2015–2025 (public preview API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Read on 17 October 2026, one query per year and flow (change period 2015–2025 and flowCode X/M). Own sums of chapters 01–24, US$ m. Exports: 2015 871.7; 2016 864.5; 2017 760.5; 2018 765.3; 2019 827.0; 2020 714.8; 2021 903.7; 2022 767.2; 2023 865.4; 2024 864.2; 2025 855.1. Imports: 293.1; 400.6; 318.8; 267.6; 311.9; 385.5; 308.8; 150.6; 279.9; 390.1; 457.3. Export chapter 24 tobacco: 512.5; 542.3; 529.0; 490.3; 492.9; 407.4; 450.6; 409.6; 449.2; 569.9; 610.3. Chapter 09: 67.3; 73.1; 82.1; 90.2; 82.3; 75.9; 76.8; 80.4; 72.9; 73.5; 67.9. Chapter 07: 62.2; 36.8; 19.4; 38.1; 39.2; 40.1; 64.6; 54.7; 100.2; 82.9; 56.2. Chapter 12: 17.1; 22.6; 41.6; 40.3; 60.2; 56.1; 157.6; 119.4; 102.5; 48.4; 17.8. Chapter 17: 90.8; 95.3; 40.7; 37.8; 84.0; 74.7; 74.4; 22.8; 43.0; 10.0; 25.4. Import chapter 10 cereals: 123.8; 208.3; 86.6; 57.7; 56.1; 53.8; 58.1; 15.8; 74.5; 96.9; 82.8. Import chapter 15 fats and oils: 31.9; 36.0; 38.4; 43.3; 66.2; 86.0; 68.4; 52.3; 51.9; 88.6; 94.8.
    https://comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=454&period=2025&flowCode=X&cmdCode=01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24&motCode=0&customsCode=C00&partner2Code=0&partnerCode=0

United Nations and humanitarian partners, Malawi (OCHA)

  • Malawi Drought Flash Appeal July 2024 - April 2025, published July 2024 (PDF on UN Malawi site)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · People in need 6.1 million, targeted 3.8 million, requirements US$136.5 million, 27 partners, 82 projects. In March 2024 President Chakwera declared a State of Disaster in 23 of Malawi's 28 districts. 4.2 million people projected in IPC Phase 3+ May-September 2024; 5.7 million (28% of population) projected October 2024-March 2025. Food security sector about US$50.7 million. Complements the Government's April 2024 national appeal.
    https://malawi.un.org/en/download/165389/274677

World Bank

  • World Development Indicators – Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (current US$), NV.AGR.TOTL.CD (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NV.AGR.TOTL.CD, US$ million: 2010 2494.8; 2011 2787.6; 2012 2064.3; 2013 1915.5; 2014 2101.2; 2015 2120.0; 2016 1755.4; 2017 2050.4; 2018 2137.1; 2019 2536.1; 2020 2944.1; 2021 3160.5; 2022 3430.1; 2023 3858.0; 2024 3595.8; 2025 4480.1. Database last updated 2026-10-08.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.CD?format=json&per_page=300
  • World Development Indicators – Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (% of GDP), NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS: 2010 24.63; 2011 23.93; 2012 23.53; 2013 23.85; 2014 23.87; 2015 22.99; 2016 22.19; 2017 22.93; 2018 21.63; 2019 22.95; 2020 25.02; 2021 25.53; 2022 27.60; 2023 28.87; 2024 31.79; 2025 30.03. Database last updated 2026-10-08.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
  • World Development Indicators – Agriculture, forestry and fishing value added (annual % growth), NV.AGR.TOTL.KD.ZG (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NV.AGR.TOTL.KD.ZG: 2010 6.80; 2011 6.10; 2012 -1.20; 2013 6.20; 2014 5.89; 2015 -2.02; 2016 -2.33; 2017 5.20; 2018 0.30; 2019 5.90; 2020 3.39; 2021 3.75; 2022 0.94; 2023 0.54; 2024 -0.24; 2025 1.20. Database last updated 2026-10-08.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.KD.ZG?format=json&per_page=300
  • World Development Indicators – GDP (current US$), GDP growth and GDP per capita, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, US$ billion: 2010 10.13; 2015 9.22; 2017 8.94; 2019 11.05; 2020 11.77; 2021 12.38; 2022 12.43; 2023 13.36; 2024 11.31; 2025 14.92. NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG (https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?format=json): 2017 4.00; 2018 4.35; 2019 5.72; 2020 0.79; 2021 4.56; 2022 0.92; 2023 1.95; 2024 1.67; 2025 1.89. NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, US$: 2023 633.2; 2024 522.4; 2025 671.5. Database last updated 2026-10-08.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&per_page=300
  • World Development Indicators – Population, total, and rural population (% of total), SP.POP.TOTL, SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · SP.POP.TOTL, million: 2010 14.83; 2015 17.09; 2017 18.04; 2020 19.53; 2023 21.10; 2024 21.66; 2025 22.22. SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS (https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?format=json): 2010 84.5; 2017 84.0; 2020 83.7; 2023 83.0; 2024 82.7; 2025 82.4.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?format=json&per_page=300
  • World Development Indicators – Agricultural land, arable land and forest area (FAO), AG.LND.AGRI.ZS, AG.LND.AGRI.K2, AG.LND.ARBL.ZS, AG.LND.ARBL.HA, AG.LND.FRST.ZS (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Agricultural land % of land area: 2010 58.1; 2011 58.1; 2012 58.1; 2013 59.2; 2014 59.8; 2015 60.4; 2016 61.7; 2017 62.3; 2018 62.9; 2019 63.5; 2020 64.3; 2021–2024 65.0. Agricultural land 2024 61,322 km². Arable land % of land area: 2010 37.1; 2015 38.8; 2020 41.7; 2021–2024 42.4; arable land 2024 4,000,000 ha. Forest % of land area: 2010 28.2; 2011 27.8; 2012 27.3; 2013 26.9; 2014 26.4; 2015 26.0; 2016 25.6; 2017 25.1; 2018 24.7; 2019 24.2; 2020 23.8; 2021 23.3; 2022 22.9; 2023 22.4; 2024 22.0. Other indicators via the same URL pattern.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
  • World Development Indicators – Inflation, consumer prices (annual %), FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG: 2010 7.41; 2011 7.62; 2012 21.27; 2013 27.28; 2014 23.79; 2015 21.87; 2016 21.71; 2017 11.54; 2018 12.42; 2019 9.37; 2020 8.63; 2021 9.33; 2022 20.95; 2023 28.79; 2024 32.18; 2025 28.37.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?format=json&per_page=300
  • World Development Indicators – Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP), FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS: 2010 9.50; 2012 10.01; 2015 9.17; 2018 6.82; 2020 7.85; 2021 8.24; 2022 8.65; 2023 7.75; 2024 7.91.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS?format=json&per_page=300
  • Projects API – P168577 Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Scaling Project (FInES) (JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Board approval 25 Aug 2020, status Closed, closing date 31 Mar 2026, commitment US$86,000,000, implementing agencies Ministry of Industry and Trade and Reserve Bank of Malawi. Components credit line and de-risking for MSMEs, financial infrastructure.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P168577
  • Global Findex via World Bank API, source 28 and WDI (JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Malawi, percent age 15+. account.t.d 2011 16.54, 2014 18.09, 2017 33.71, 2021 42.71, 2024 50.37. account.t.d.9 rural 2024 49.01. fiaccount.t.d (financial institution) 2011 16.54, 2014 16.14, 2017 22.99, 2021 20.22, 2024 12.41, rural 2024 12.07. mobileaccount.t.d 2014 3.84, 2017 20.30, 2021 34.35, 2024 47.40, rural 2024 46.10. fin22a borrowed from a formal financial institution 2014 6.95, 2017 8.60, 2021 7.99, 2024 6.74. fin22a.22a1.22g.d borrowed formally or via mobile money 2021 10.05, 2024 10.78, rural 2024 10.97. borrow.any.t.d 2014 66.54, 2017 52.00, 2021 52.88, 2024 76.52. FX.OWN.TOTL.FE.ZS women 2024 46.28, MA men 54.84, poorest 40 percent 38.08.
    https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MWI/indicator/account.t.d?format=json&source=28&date=2010:2025
  • Projects API, P165056 Malawi Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Financing with Cat DDO (API, JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Board approval 6 June 2019, closing 21 June 2022, IDA US$70,000,000, implementing agency Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning, and Development.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P165056
  • Implementation Completion and Results Report, Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Financing with Cat DDO (P165056), 8 June 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · US$70 million fully disbursed within ten months. US$40 million released 28 June 2019 after Cyclone Idai. Cat DDO triggered in response to COVID-19 (state of disaster declared 20 March 2020), US$30 million disbursed 10 April 2020. Cat DDO had triggers for public health and natural disasters.
    http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099061223093517892/pdf/BOSIB0329390ec04a0abc30701c9ad51e46.pdf
  • Program Document, Malawi First Growth and Resilience DPO with a Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option, 16 November 2023 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Grant SDR60.9 million (US$80 million equivalent) DPO, first of a programmatic series of two, combined with a Cat DDO grant of SDR43.4 million (US$57 million equivalent).
    http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112123162526452/pdf/BOSIB0f6d99f4f0140b7c008ea7383fe9da.pdf
  • Implementation Status and Results Report No. 1, P175072, 30 June 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · IDA-E2770 (DPO) closed, US$81.39 million disbursed, closing 31 Dec 2024. IDA-E2780 (Cat DDO) effective, revised US$57.08 million, disbursed 57.08 (100%), closing 31 Dec 2026. Drawdown date not stated in the ISR.
    https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099063025044527578/pdf/P175072-ad986053-1106-4f0f-85e3-f14616777657.pdf
  • Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR00462, First Phase of the Shire Valley Transformation Program (P158805), 30 June 2025 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Overall outcome rated Unsatisfactory. Programme aims to irrigate 43,000 ha (22,500 ha Phase 1, 20,500 ha Phase 2). PDO indicator area provided with new/improved irrigation or drainage: appraisal target 15,500 ha, revised (Dec 2023 restructuring) 1,700 ha, achieved at closing (2024) 0. Direct beneficiaries 27,733 against 95,000 (29.2%). Conservation area under improved management 212,394 ha (77.6% of 273,637). Financing: IDA 160,000,000 original, 154,304,277.23 disbursed; AfDB 50,000,000 disbursed; GEF TF-A5749 5,587,156; GoM 7,200,000 planned, 4,736,584 disbursed; private 11.8 million not mobilized. Total disbursements US$220.19 million. Canal works completion set for November 2025, 1,700 ha target moved to SVTP-II.
    https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099071525101021951/pdf/BOSIB-fc5f2804-3a89-48e7-b6c9-be26ec23e52a.pdf
  • Implementation Status and Results Report No. 10, Shire Valley Transformation Program Phase 2 (P176575), archived 15 June 2026 (PDF)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · PDO rating upgraded to Moderately Satisfactory, IP Moderately Satisfactory, risk Substantial. Area that can be supplied with gravity-fed bulk irrigation water 0.00 ha at 12 Jun 2026, target 21,000 ha by Sep 2028; new irrigation area 0.00, target 17,500 ha; existing pumped area corrected to 3,500 ha baseline and 0 end target. Irrigation yet to start in consolidated customary estates. IDA-71350 revised US$136.16 million, disbursed 130.42 (95.78%), closing 30 Sep 2028.
    https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099061526072017827/pdf/P176575-74104f52-28a0-42b4-8a51-901cd92c5e03.pdf
  • Malawi Agricultural Commercialization Project P158434 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2017-05-23, closing 2024-05-31, status Closed; IDA commitment US$95,000,000; agencies Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, Ministry of Trade. PDO: increase commercialization of agriculture value chain products selected under the project and provide crisis response.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P158434
  • Shire Valley Transformation Program Phase 1 P158805 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2017-10-18, closing 2024-12-31, Closed; IDA US$160,000,000 plus grant US$50,000,000 (total commitment US$210,000,000); project cost US$234,587,152; agency Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development. Program objective: increase agricultural productivity and commercialization for targeted households in the Shire Valley and improve sustainable management and utilization of natural resources; SVTP-I PDO begins with access to reliable gravity fed irrigation and drainage services.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P158805
  • Shire Valley Transformation Program Phase 2 P176575 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2022-06-21, closing 2028-09-30, Active; IDA US$134,000,000; program cost US$285,000,000. PDO: develop irrigated commercial agriculture and strengthen management of natural resources in the Program area.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P176575
  • Shire Valley Transformation Program Phase 2 P513489 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Record titled Shire Valley Transformation Program - Phase 2, approved 2026-09-29, status Active, IDA US$50,000,000, closing date not given; same PDO as P176575.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P513489
  • Malawi Resilience and Disaster Risk Management Project P161392 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2016-11-08, closing 2025-01-31, Closed; IDA US$104,000,000. PDO: recovery of livelihoods and infrastructure in flood and drought affected areas; capacity for flood and drought risk management.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P161392
  • Additional Financing to MRDRM P171877 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2020-03-24, closing 2025-01-31, Closed; IDA US$80,000,000.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P171877
  • Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Scaling Project (FInES) P168577 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2020-08-25, closing 2026-03-31, Closed; IDA US$86,000,000; agencies Ministry of Industry and Trade and Reserve Bank of Malawi. PDO: increase access to financial services, promote entrepreneurship and capabilities of MSMEs, including COVID-19 implications.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P168577
  • Malawi Watershed Services Improvement Project P167860 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2020-06-19, closing 2026-07-31, Closed; IDA US$157,000,000; project cost US$160,000,000; agency Ministry of Water and Sanitation. PDO: increase adoption of sustainable landscape management practices and improve watershed services.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P167860
  • Social Support for Resilient Livelihoods Project P169198 and AFs P177813, P180152 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · P169198 approved 2019-12-10, closing 2027-12-31, Active, IDA US$312,500,000 plus grant US$17,000,000 (US$329,500,000). P177813 AF approved 2022-05-25, IDA US$187,500,000. P180152 second AF approved 2022-12-21, IDA US$110,000,000 plus grant US$50,560,000 (US$160,560,000). Agency National Local Government Finance Committee. PDO: improve resilience among the poor and vulnerable and strengthen the national safety net platform.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P169198
  • Malawi – Transforming High-potential Resilient Value Chains (M-THRiVE) P508803 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2026-05-06, closing 2031-04-30, Active; IDA US$50,000,000 plus grant US$6,000,000 (US$56,000,000); project cost US$267,500,000; agency Reserve Bank of Malawi. PDO: increase firm growth and access to finance for targeted firms in Malawi's export value chains.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P508803
  • Integrated Social Protection for Resilience and Opportunity Project P512324 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2026-09-15, closing 2029-12-31, Active; IDA US$110,000,000 plus grant US$55,900,000 (US$165,900,000). PDO: increase resilience to climate and economic shocks and expand job opportunities for poor and vulnerable groups.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P512324
  • Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa 2 (RCRP2) P181308 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Malawi record: approved 2023-12-21, closing 2028-12-29, Active; IDA US$250,000,000; project cost US$260,000,000; agencies African Union Commission and Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs. PDO: improve resilience to water-related climate shocks.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P181308
  • Food Systems Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa Phase 3 P177816 and AF P181652 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Regional record (Eastern and Southern Africa): approved 2023-05-31, closing 2029-08-31, Active; IDA US$697,600,000 plus grant US$79,000,000 (US$776,600,000) for all participating countries; implementing agencies include Ministry of Agriculture, Malawi (with Kenya, Somalia, Comoros, AUC). AF P181652 approved 2025-01-29, grant US$61,000,000. Malawi's country allocation is not given in the API.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P177816
  • Second Agriculture Sector Wide Approach Support Project P164445 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2018-04-07, closing 2023-06-30, Closed; grant US$55,000,000 (AF P173061 approved 2021-12-17, grant US$14,800,000). PDO: improve smallholder productivity and market access of selected commodities.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P164445
  • Disaster Risk Management DPF with Cat DDO P165056 (API JSON)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Approved 2019-06-06, closing 2022-06-21, Closed; IDA US$70,000,000. Objective: strengthen institutional and financial capacity for multi-sectoral disaster and climate risk management.
    https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P165056

World Bank (source data FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture)

World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal

World Food Programme via Humanitarian Data Exchange

  • Malawi - Food Prices dataset, wfp_food_prices_mwi.csv, resource last modified 11 Oct 2026 (CSV)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Market-level retail prices, MWK. Own calculation of mean across reporting markets (national average rows excluded), recomputed from the file as downloaded 17 Oct 2026: fertilizer (urea) 50 kg bag Nov 2020 MWK 17429.6 (69 markets), Mar 2025 122087.5 (32), Dec 2025 157848.9 (83), Feb 2026 167168.4 (79), Aug 2026 201966.7 (60), Sep 2026 201719.2 (73). Fertilizer (NPK) 50 kg Nov 2020 20097.6 (68), Mar 2025 125777.8 (27), Dec 2025 164135.9 (84), Feb 2026 169884.6 (78), Aug 2026 204319.7 (61), Sep 2026 203246.6 (73). Latest month September 2026. Fertilizer rows thin out after April 2021 (one market in October 2021), and there are none from November 2021 to February 2025. Maize retail mean across markets Feb 2026 1069.3 MWK/kg (72 markets).
    https://data.humdata.org/dataset/75ecb747-717e-4ce5-b7af-0e13cc95ba63/resource/da3ed5da-d6ad-4a86-b4bc-b77e74d01ab7/download/wfp_food_prices_mwi.csv

World Resources Institute, Climate Watch

  • Historical GHG emissions by sector and gas, Malawi, 1990-2023 (API, JSON, data source Climate Watch)verified
    EN · accessed 2026-10-17 · Data source Climate Watch, gas All GHG, MtCO2e. Agriculture 1990 2.22, 2000 2.52, 2005 2.89, 2010 4.39, 2015 5.76, 2016 5.82, 2017 6.22, 2018 7.33, 2019 8.40, 2020 8.84, 2021 8.96, 2022 9.06, 2023 10.67. LULUCF 1990 8.34, 2000 7.99, 2010 8.79, 2015 8.52, 2020 8.35, 2023 8.11. Energy 1990 0.70, 2010 1.01, 2020 1.68, 2023 1.68 (of which transportation 1.21, electricity/heat 0.05, manufacturing/construction 0.21, building 0.07, other fuel combustion 0.11, fugitive 0.02). Industrial processes 2023 0.42. Waste 2010 0.55, 2020 0.79, 2023 0.86. Bunker fuels 2023 0.03. Total excluding LULUCF 1990 3.18, 2000 3.79, 2010 6.05, 2015 7.63, 2020 11.71, 2021 11.66, 2022 11.91, 2023 13.63. Total including LULUCF 1990 11.51, 2000 11.78, 2010 14.84, 2015 16.15, 2020 20.06, 2021 19.85, 2022 20.32, 2023 21.74. Agriculture by gas 2023 CH4 4.80, N2O 5.87.
    https://www.climatewatchdata.org/api/v1/data/historical_emissions?regions[]=MWI&per_page=200
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