Эх сурвалж ба баталгаажуулалт

AM Best

• AM Best affirms credit ratings of Mongolian National Reinsurance JSC, 4 Dec 2024 (press release on news.ambest.com, en)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · AM Best's own press release, Hong Kong, 4 December 2024. States that Mongolian Re is a wholly owned company of the Ministry of Finance of Mongolia, incorporated in 2014, acting as the sole operator of the IBLI pool. Financial strength rating B (Fair), long-term issuer credit rating bb+ (Fair), outlook stable. The licence date of 21 January 2015 is from the FRC reinsurance register (inst-frc-reins).
  https://news.ambest.com/pr/PressContent.aspx?refnum=35488&altsrc=2

Agency for Land Administration and Management, Geodesy and Cartography

• Official website home page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Газар зохион байгуулалт, геодези, зураг зүйн ерөнхий газар (ГЗБГЗЗЕГ). The site header describes it as a Government implementing agency. No figures read.
  https://www.gazar.gov.mn

Agency for Land Management, Geodesy and Cartography, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry, Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, SDC Green Gold-Animal Health Project

• National Report on the Rangeland Health of Mongolia, Second Assessment, 2018 (PDF, English, copy hosted by USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Livestock numbers 110.8 million sheep units in 2018 according to NSO (p.6). Based on 2016 data from 1516 NAMEM monitoring sites, 42.4 percent of sites were non-degraded (reference), 13.5 percent slightly degraded, 21.1 percent moderately degraded, 12.8 percent heavily degraded and 10.3 percent fully degraded (p.16), so 57 percent altered to some degree. 79 percent of sites can recover within 10 years with reduced stocking rates (p.29). Compared with 2014, heavily and fully degraded shares rose by 5.9 and 4.3 percentage points. Recovery classes 2016 Class I 43 percent, II 29 percent, III 16 percent, IV 12 percent. As of 2018, 830 pasture user groups in 11 aimags had rangeland use agreements. In 2016 and 2018 surveys, 70 percent of herders and local specialists named livestock numbers exceeding carrying capacity as the most pressing challenge.
  https://jornada.nmsu.edu/files/National%20Report%20of%20Rangeland%20Health%20of%20Mongolia_2018.pdf

Agricultural Commodity Exchange of Mongolia

• About us page (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Хөдөө аж ахуйн бирж ХХК (listed by MOFALI as Хөдөө аж ахуйн бирж ТӨХХК). Established in March 2013 by Government Resolution No. 30 of 2013 and State Property Committee Resolution No. 40 of 2013, to organise trading of agricultural raw materials under the Law on the Exchange of Agricultural Commodities and Raw Materials. 100 per cent of shares held by MOFALI, operating as a state-owned company. Commodities admitted by Minister orders A/35 and A/135 of 2013 (wool, cashmere, live animals, food wheat, oilseed rapeseed) and A-409 of 2019 (meat, hides and skins). Product menu lists cashmere, sheep wool, yak down, camel wool, factory wool, rapeseed, wheat, live animals, meat, hides and skins.
  https://mce.mn/?page_id=20

Agricultural Corporation state-owned LLC

• Official website home page and site map (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Хөдөө аж ахуйн корпораци ТӨХХК, head office Darkhan United Arena, Darkhan soum, Darkhan-Uul. Services listed include sale of seed wheat, fodder crop seed, agricultural machinery, plant protection chemicals and fertiliser, GNSS auto-steering, warehouse and machinery leasing, and trading of seed wheat, food wheat and fodder seed (seed wheat auction of 13 Nov 2024). Home page notices (2026) include a reduction of the seed wheat advance payment to 15 per cent and sale of greenhouses on credit terms. Executive director appointed by Board resolution No. 02 of 21 Jul 2023.
  https://agricorp.mn/sitemap

Asian Development Bank (IATI data via d-portal)

• IATI activity records, Agriculture and Rural Development Project Phase 2, 55218-001 loans 4417 and 4418 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Reported by ADB. Loan 4417 commitment US$42,700,000, disbursed US$113,257. Loan 4418 (aid XM-DAC-46004-55218-001-LN4418) commitment US$14,400,000, disbursed 0. Activity dates 23 Dec 2024 to 30 Jun 2030, status implementation. Impact competitiveness and sustainability of Mongolia's agriculture sector improved. Outcome value addition on Mongolian agricultural resources increased by project participating enterprises, by enhancing technology adoption of agro-enterprises and agro-processing capacity. adb.org project pages could not be opened (bot protection).
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-55218-001-LN4417&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity records, Agriculture and Rural Development Project 39229 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Grant 0115 (aid XM-DAC-46004-39229-022-GRNT0115) commitment US$14,720,000, disbursed US$14,717,080, dates 24 Oct 2008 to 13 Apr 2016, closed. Loan 3287 (39229-033) commitment US$35,000,000, dates 28 Oct 2015 to 30 Jun 2021 (IATI disbursement field 0). Description develops value chains for premium products, including a deposit account guaranteeing 50 per cent of commercial bank loans to agribusiness enterprises for value-chain investment plans.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-39229-033-LN3287&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity records, Vegetable Production and Irrigated Agriculture Project 51423-002 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Loan 3895 commitment US$25,300,000, disbursed US$18,485,564. Loan 3896 commitment US$14,700,000, disbursed US$156,286. Dates 5 May 2020 to 31 Mar 2027, status implementation. Impact income generation and enterprise support for smallholder vegetable farmers increased. Outcome efficiency of climate-resilient agricultural production and marketing increased.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-51423-002-LN3895&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity record, Supporting the Credit Guarantee System for Economic Diversification and Employment Project 48015-002 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Loan 3338 commitment US$60,000,000, disbursed US$59,644,360, dates 8 Jan 2016 to 29 Dec 2025, status completed. Aims to improve SME access to finance by backing Credit Guarantee Fund of Mongolia guarantees to commercial bank SME lending and to improve the quality of CGFM and the credit guarantee system.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-48015-002-LN3338&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity record, Khan Bank Rural Inclusive Finance and Agriculture Value-Addition Project 59184-001 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Private sector loan 4713, commitment US$100,000,000, start date 8 Dec 2025 (IATI day 20430), no end date, status pipeline or identification (code 1), disbursed 0. Senior loan to Khan Bank for on-lending to rural businesses including MSMEs, women-owned enterprises, farmers and herders, and to agriculture processing and logistics enterprises. Proceeds also support sustainable agriculture under the Mongolia Green Taxonomy. The ADB news release on the signing could not be opened (bot protection).
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-59184-001-LN4713&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity record, Regional Upgrades of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures for Trade Project 46315-001, Mongolia loan 3313 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Loan 3313 commitment US$15,000,000, disbursed US$10,477,901, dates 8 Jan 2016 to 30 Jun 2021. Supports improvement of SPS measures in compliance with the WTO SPS Agreement as a prerequisite for increasing agriculture and food trade, including upgrading of laboratories.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-46315-001-LN3313&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity records, Strengthening Integrated Early Warning System in Mongolia Project 53039-001 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Loan 4676 US$18,000,000, loan 4677 US$12,000,000, grant 1065 US$2,000,000 (total US$32,000,000). Dates 22 Dec 2025 to 30 Jun 2031, status implementation. Supports a multi-hazard early warning system covering risk knowledge, detection and surveillance, forecasting and warning, dissemination and preparedness.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-53039-001-LN4676&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity records, Dzud Disaster Response grants (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Grant 0944 (58121-001) commitment US$2,800,000, dates 10 Apr 2024 to 24 Jun 2025, closed. IATI spend field shows US$11,097,496 (exceeds commitment, likely includes other sources, treat with caution). Responds to the 2023-2024 dzud affecting almost 60 per cent of the territory. Earlier ADB dzud grants in the same dataset are 44178-012 grant 0200 US$2,500,000 (2010-2014) and 49441-001 grant 0475 US$2,000,000 (2016-2017).
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-46004-58121-001-GRNT0944&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting

Bank of Mongolia

• Statistics database, Banking sector's loan indicators, Total loan by economic activities, Outstanding loan (report 98, JSON API, monthly, million MNT)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · POST query to the BoM statistics API (report id 98, parentId 10, all 296 indicators, monthly 2010-01 to 2026-08; same table as https://stat.mongolbank.mn/finance#report). Quarterly only before 2016. Million MNT, end of period. Total outstanding bank loans Dec: 2010 3,228,171.1; 2011 5,597,743.6; 2012 6,941,135.2; 2013 10,715,632.7; 2014 12,440,925.9; 2015 11,633,573.7; 2016 12,337,508.6; 2017 13,506,742.5; 2018 17,082,385.9; 2019 17,932,248.8; 2020 17,034,235.7; 2021 20,667,355.0; 2022 22,008,274.2; 2023 27,151,616.7; 2024 36,781,473.4; 2025 43,751,569.7; Aug 2026 48,362,142.4. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting Dec: 2010 141,803.9; 2011 169,980.1; 2012 186,272.8; 2013 226,988.6; 2014 316,834.4; 2015 241,298.9; 2016 282,881.3; 2017 310,483.1; 2018 331,394.5; 2019 384,063.0; 2020 298,647.9; 2021 339,031.7; 2022 388,554.1; 2023 504,108.8; 2024 1,206,470.7; 2025 1,518,589.3; Aug 2026 1,470,585.4 (share of total 4.39, 3.04, 2.68, 2.12, 2.55, 2.07, 2.29, 2.30, 1.94, 2.14, 1.75, 1.64, 1.77, 1.86, 3.28, 3.47 and 3.04 percent). Of which livestock ('agriculture') Dec 2017-2025: 136,712.4; 122,080.5; 176,090.7; 58,716.7; 71,453.7; 79,370.7; 91,221.9; 334,546.0; 538,291.7; Aug 2026 480,278.4. Of which crop farming ('agronomy') Dec 2017-2025: 171,766.3; 207,225.2; 205,606.7; 237,127.5; 258,021.6; 296,944.4; 399,621.3; 846,493.2; 938,074.1; Aug 2026 951,512.1. Separate category Other > Herder loan, reported from May 2020 (692,416.1 in May 2020): Dec 2020 726,567.6; 2021 969,755.9; 2022 1,003,108.4; 2023 1,207,550.0; 2024 1,291,000.5; 2025 1,067,087.4; Aug 2026 1,290,482.7. Agriculture loans outstanding fell from 415,577.8 (Apr 2020) to 271,689.2 (May 2020) when the herder loan category was created. Agriculture loans implemented with projects/programmes (state or donor funded) Dec 2017-2025: 116,988.6; 96,752.0; 83,289.2; 140,149.5; 110,197.9; 101,536.4; 103,994.4; 586,147.4; 1,228,526.0; Aug 2026 1,135,310.5. Herder loans implemented with projects Dec 2020-2025: 17,095.4; 144,261.9; 134,821.7; 179,333.0; 145,543.1; 39,718.2; Aug 2026 6,317.1. MNT-denominated total loans Dec 2016-2025: 9,992,247.8; 10,633,563.6; 14,348,194.4; 15,958,467.2; 15,456,452.1; 19,149,836.3; 20,727,475.4; 25,486,168.2; 34,499,681.5; 41,177,875.6; Aug 2026 45,475,195.3. MNT agriculture loans Dec 2016-2025: 279,018.4; 302,507.4; 327,285.4; 381,076.8; 297,283.1; 338,364.9; 388,447.1; 504,004.9; 1,206,368.0; 1,518,482.8 (herder loans 100 percent MNT). Non-performing loans total Dec 2010-2025: 370,508.6; 327,077.5; 293,295.8; 564,260.4; 623,937.9; 822,397.9; 1,047,453.7; 1,148,472.6; 1,778,266.3; 1,818,954.5; 2,002,279.3; 2,073,088.6; 2,018,930.8; 2,039,309.2; 1,866,930.2; 2,218,090.7; Aug 2026 2,540,429.1. NPL agriculture Dec 2010-2025: 33,996.0; 30,325.4; 9,022.2; 10,504.5; 12,816.3; 12,750.7; 19,218.8; 37,893.0; 72,077.0; 78,128.4; 77,642.9; 78,582.7; 79,909.2; 80,027.6; 76,319.2; 72,975.5; Aug 2026 79,910.0 (of which crop farming 65,887.3 in Dec 2025). NPL herder loans Dec 2020-2025: 1,007.4; 1,931.7; 6,274.4; 10,423.8; 8,145.0; 19,193.5; Aug 2026 21,419.2. Loans past due (performing in arrears) agriculture Dec 2025 19,906.0, Aug 2026 22,214.0.
  https://stat.mongolbank.mn/finance#report
• Statistics database, Total loan by economic activities, New issued loan (report 99, JSON API, monthly, million MNT)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · POST query report id 99, 2010-2026. Monthly flows from March 2016, quarterly observations (Mar, Jun, Sep, Dec) before 2016. Sums of monthly values, million MNT. Total new loans: 2017 14,212,481; 2018 22,138,186; 2019 21,040,149; 2020 19,780,866; 2021 28,315,358; 2022 31,369,225; 2023 41,764,442; 2024 57,100,686; 2025 66,690,442; Jan-Aug 2026 50,577,391. New loans to agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting: 2017 211,401; 2018 282,080; 2019 320,513; 2020 254,588; 2021 217,702; 2022 255,493; 2023 392,619; 2024 963,827; 2025 713,231; Jan-Aug 2026 330,389 (monthly peak 100,858.7 in April 2026). Of which livestock ('agriculture'): 2017 35,281; 2018 161,091; 2019 206,050; 2020 91,506; 2021 59,071; 2022 67,956; 2023 109,287; 2024 279,694; 2025 312,051; Jan-Aug 2026 74,121. New herder loans (category from May 2020): 2020 524,929 (May-Dec); 2021 1,031,042; 2022 869,427; 2023 1,247,976; 2024 768,557; 2025 867,141; Jan-Aug 2026 1,007,844. Sums of the four quarterly agriculture observations 2010-2015 (117,225; 190,360; 154,316; 223,077; 320,965; 236,389) are not comparable with the monthly series.
  https://stat.mongolbank.mn/finance#report
• Statistics database, Total loan by economic activities, Number of loan accounts (report 101, JSON API, monthly)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · POST query report id 101, 2016-03 to 2026-08. Number of loan accounts, end of period. Total Dec 2016-2025: 888,298; 1,014,910; 1,222,390; 1,394,788; 1,307,575; 1,452,251; 1,588,934; 1,797,927; 2,110,413; 2,351,378; Aug 2026 2,249,990. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting Dec 2016-2025: 22,080; 24,869; 25,535; 30,317; 4,785; 5,525; 6,256; 7,302; 25,988; 32,213; Aug 2026 33,054. Herder loan accounts Dec 2020-2025: 122,795; 129,048; 138,210; 141,590; 138,464; 123,879; Aug 2026 114,654. Agriculture accounts implemented with projects Dec 2017-2025: 1,698; 1,797; 1,239; 1,052; 1,224; 1,440; 1,610; 14,410; 27,973; Aug 2026 28,123. Herder loan accounts implemented with projects Dec 2020-2025: 3,107; 16,921; 17,950; 21,793; 14,402; 7,229; Aug 2026 1,208.
  https://stat.mongolbank.mn/finance#report
• Statistics database, Weighted interest rate by industrial and sectoral classification (report 172, JSON API, monthly, percent per year)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · POST query report id 172, 2016-2026. December values, percent per year. Weighted rate on MNT loans issued in the month, all sectors: 2017 18.65; 2018 16.67; 2019 17.61; 2020 14.75; 2021 11.10; 2022 15.17; 2023 16.03; 2024 16.32; 2025 16.74; Aug 2026 17.40. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (MNT issued): 2017 20.16; 2018 19.77; 2019 18.23; 2020 4.15; 2021 13.02; 2022 14.27; 2023 14.57; 2024 7.83; 2025 9.17; Aug 2026 18.26. Agriculture, ordinary (non-programme) MNT loans issued: Dec 2021 9.63; 2022 14.27; 2023 13.29; 2024 7.38; 2025 8.95; Aug 2026 17.77. Herder loans (MNT issued): Dec 2020 19.50; 2021 14.44; 2022 20.87; 2023 20.89; 2024 21.20; 2025 22.13; Aug 2026 22.11. Weighted rate on outstanding MNT loans (from 2024): all sectors Dec 2024 15.28, Dec 2025 16.37, Aug 2026 16.99; agriculture 7.87, 8.66, 12.73; herder loans 10.92, 21.16, 22.03. Single-month December values are volatile because programme loans at below-market rates enter the weights.
  https://stat.mongolbank.mn/finance#report
• Statistics database, Green loan, Total loan outstanding by green taxonomy category (report 1151, JSON API, quarterly, million MNT)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · POST query report id 1151, 2020-03 to 2026-06. Green loans outstanding Dec 2020-2025: 371,341.0; 256,027.9; 315,155.3; 800,553.5; 1,352,762.0; 2,337,676.0; Jun 2026 2,896,754.0. Sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and eco-tourism: 88,434.4; 63,230.6; 60,045.7; 114,255.3; 133,092.2; 357,586.4; Jun 2026 575,932.2. Of which sustainable agriculture: 80,016.8; 55,909.6; 49,124.0; 103,197.5; 125,340.4; 348,877.5; Jun 2026 567,199.1. Of which climate smart agriculture (sustainable pasture and livestock management): Dec 2024 2,041.2; Dec 2025 23,775.9; Jun 2026 36,344.6.
  https://stat.mongolbank.mn/finance#report
• Monthly Statistical Bulletin, August 2026 (Excel, sheets Rate and Exchange rate, mn/en)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Bulletin2608 released 18 Sep 2026 (download via https://stat.mongolbank.mn/bulletin). Sheet Rate, policy rate end of period (percent): Dec 2007 8.4; 2008 9.75; 2009 10; 2010 11; 2011 12.25; 2012 13.25; 2013 10.5; 2014 12; 2015 13; 2016 14; 2017 11; 2018 11; 2019 11; 2020 6; 2021 6; 2022 13; 2023 13; 2024 10; 2025 12; Aug 2026 12.5. Monthly path 2022 6.5 (Jan), 9 (Mar), 10 (Jun), 12 (Sep), 13 (Dec); 2024 12 (Mar), 11 (May), 10 (Sep); 2025 12 (Mar); 2026 12.5 (Aug). Weighted average lending rate on MNT loans issued in the month, Dec: 2010 17.91; 2011 15.49; 2012 18.15; 2013 17.4; 2014 19.54; 2015 19.09; 2016 19.66; 2017 18.99; 2018 16.88; 2019 16.89; 2020 14.75; 2021 14.29; 2022 15.72; 2023 16.74; 2024 16.91; 2025 17.27; Aug 2026 17.56. Same including below-market programme loans: Dec 2021 13.17; 2022 15.17; 2023 15.97; 2024 16.32; 2025 16.74; Aug 2026 17.40. FX loans issued Dec 2025 9.75. Weighted rate on outstanding MNT loans Dec 2025 17.80 (16.85 including programme loans), Aug 2026 18.14 (17.32). Sheet Exchange rate, MNT per USD end of period: 2009 1,442.84; 2010 1,256.47; 2011 1,396.37; 2012 1,392.10; 2013 1,659.34; 2014 1,888.44; 2015 1,995.51; 2016 2,489.53; 2017 2,427.13; 2018 2,643.69; 2019 2,734.33; 2020 2,849.89; 2021 2,849.34; 2022 3,444.60; 2023 3,410.69; 2024 3,420.46; 2025 3,556.81; Aug 2026 3,595.14 (December monthly average 2025 3,549.34).
  https://stat.mongolbank.mn/bulletin
• Monetary Policy Committee statement 2026-05, 12 August 2026 (web page, en)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Statement of 12 August 2026. The Monetary Policy Committee decided to raise the policy rate by 0.5 percentage point to 12.5 percent.
  https://www.mongolbank.mn/en/r/12722
• Monetary policy signalling, Policy rate (web page, en)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · States that the one-week central bank bill rate has been the policy rate since July 2007, introduced at 6.4 percent, and narrates changes to April 2013 (11 percent from May 2010 then 11.5 percent, 12.25 percent on 25 Oct 2011, 13.25 percent on 17 Apr 2012, 12.5 percent on 25 Jan 2013, 11.5 percent on 5 Apr 2013). The bulletin footnote notes that from April 2018 the policy rate applies to 28-day bills.
  https://www.mongolbank.mn/en/p/1099
• Annual Report 2024 (PDF, en)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Agriculture sector shrank 28.7 percent in 2024 and reduced GDP growth by 3.6 points; dzud losses 9.4 million head, herd 57.6 million at end-2024 (p.10). The MPC in March and May 2024 cut the policy rate by 2 points to 11 percent and approved restructuring and maturity extension of loans for herders with repayment difficulties (p.31). The Macroprudential committee in March 2024 authorised banks to restructure herder loans once. Notes to the financial statements state that in 2024 the Ministry of Finance provided interest payment support for herder loans issued by banks after the severe winter, channelled through a BoM temporary transfer account (balance MNT 9,969 million end-2024). The sector count lists 178 savings and credit cooperatives.
  https://www.mongolbank.mn/file/63b2bf87e5c92cebd412c82585c08928/files/2058c634-0e63-43d1-b1b0-e9f00a5dea61.pdf
• S. Narantsogt, Governor, Building a financial system resilient to climate change and environmental risks, interview, 18 August 2026 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Green loans 2.55 trillion MNT or 5.7 percent of the banking sector loan portfolio as of Q1 2026. Targets 6 percent for 2026 and at least 10 percent by 2030 (National Sustainable Finance Roadmap). Forestry green loans 4.7 billion MNT, below 1 percent of green loans. Green building loan risk weight lowered to 75 percent, green consumer loan maximum term extended to 60 months until end 2027. Green loan impact measurement system introduced in 2025. First climate scenario analysis of systemically important banks with NDC Partnership and ESCAP. Climate risk exposure report with IFC and FRC. MOU with EIB Global for up to EUR 1 billion for renewable energy and green infrastructure.
  https://www.mongolbank.mn/en/r/12742
• Lkhagvasuren B., Governor, The Bank of Mongolia is leading the way in establishing a sustainable financial system, interview, 21 August 2024 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Financial Stability Council approved the Green Taxonomy in 2019, green loan statistics reported from Q1 2020. National Sustainable Finance Roadmap approved by the FSC in 2022 with target of 10 percent green loans by 2030. In 2023 the FSC approved the expanded Sustainable Development Goal Financing Taxonomy and BoM approved ESG and climate risk assessment and management methods. Green loans Q1 2020 428.1 billion MNT (2.5 percent of loans), Q1 2024 875.3 billion MNT (3.0 percent), Q1 2024 issuance 2.3 times the previous year. Projected 6 percent by 2026 and 10 percent by 2030. Green construction loan risk weight 75 percent.
  https://mongolbank.mn/en/r/7262
• Official website home page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Монголбанк, the central bank of Mongolia. Page loads. State Bank page (inst-statebank) confirms banking licences are issued by the Bank of Mongolia. No figures read.
  https://www.mongolbank.mn/mn/

Bank of Mongolia, Financial Stability Council

• Mongolian Sustainable Finance Roadmap (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Aims to raise green or sustainable loans to at least 10 percent of banking sector loans and at least 5 percent of non-bank loans by 2030. Six pillars and 25 strategic actions. NDC financing need USD 11.7 billion, SDGs by 2030 additional USD 43 billion. Actions include expanding the Green Taxonomy to an SDG taxonomy, sector guidelines, alignment with the EU-China Common Ground Taxonomy, green bond incentives, sovereign green bond feasibility, climate stress testing, and revision of the Mongolian Sustainable Finance Principles guidance note.
  https://www.mongolbank.mn/file/4f687af8d68656e14435c26b10aab2a6/files/EN-Mongolian%20Sustainable%20Finance%20Roadmap.pdf

Credit Guarantee Fund of Mongolia

• About the fund page (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Зээлийн батлан даалтын сан. Legal status a non-profit legal entity that issues guarantees for small and medium enterprises lacking collateral. Mission to increase financing opportunities for collateral-constrained SMEs and to support employment. The fund operates in Ulaanbaatar, 21 aimags and 330 soums for SMEs, cooperative-member herders and citizens lacking collateral or mortgage down-payment. Offers a guarantee product for cooperative-member herders and works with the Asian Development Bank (see adb-48015).
  https://cgf.mn/bidniituhai/
• Guarantee to support food and agricultural production, product terms (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Product Хүнсний болон хөдөө аж ахуйн үйлдвэрлэлийг дэмжих батлан даалт, aimed at increasing production and supply of 19 staple food products. Loan interest 5-6 per cent a year, loan term up to 60 months, guarantee up to MNT 1.2 billion, guarantee fee 1 per cent (up to 1 year), 2 per cent (up to 2 years), 3 per cent (over 2 years), service charge MNT 10,000. Borrowers must operate in food, crop or livestock production. Loan ceilings set by MOFALI. Other products listed on the site include the basic guarantee, NBFI guarantee, mortgage down-payment guarantee, ADB-funded guarantee, women-led SME guarantee and green business guarantee.
  https://cgf.mn/batlandaalt/haadenjih/

Development Bank of Mongolia

• Official website home page with headline figures (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Монгол Улсын Хөгжлийн банк. Vision statement describes it as a development institution supporting sustainable development, green finance and digital transition. Development sectors listed include energy, mining and industry, green economy, social infrastructure, construction, agriculture (Хөдөө аж ахуй) and technology. Headline figures on home page (16 Oct 2026) total financing MNT 7.6 trillion, 2,994 projects and programmes financed, 348 MW of heat capacity built. Credit ratings displayed BB- (stable), B+ (stable), B1 (stable). No agriculture-specific amount shown.
  https://www.dbm.mn/mn

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

• EBRD invests in Khan Bank's first green bond, press release, 15 October 2024 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Khan Bank USD 30 million green bond offering listed on the Mongolian Stock Exchange, first green bond of a local commercial bank on the MSE. EBRD USD 12.5 million, ADB a similar amount. Proceeds for renewable energy, energy efficiency, green buildings and clean transport. FRC approved Khan Bank's green bond programme on 13 June 2023 (BDSEC page https://bdsec.mn/greenbond, first tranche MNT 17 billion, 16 percent coupon, 36 months).
  https://www.ebrd.com/news/2024/ebrd-invests-in-khan-banks-first-green-bond.html
• EBRD gives impetus for green investment in Mongolia, press release, 4 July 2023 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · USD 137 million Green Economy Financing Facility (GEFF) Mongolia launched 4 July 2023 with Khan Bank and XacBank as partner institutions, with GCF concessional co-financing and technical assistance from GCF and Japan. Covers efficient water use, sustainable land management, resource efficiency and green technologies. The release does not state the GCF amount and does not mention agriculture explicitly.
  https://www.ebrd.com/home/news-and-events/news/2023/ebrd-gives-impetus-for-green-investment-in-mongolia.html
• Project summary document, FIF Agri Finance Loan - Khan Bank 56745 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Senior unsecured loan of up to US$20 million (EUR 16.8 million) to Khan Bank under the Financial Intermediaries Framework, on-lent exclusively to the agricultural sector including GET-eligible sustainable agriculture investments. Two equal tranches, second uncommitted, each with tenor up to 3 years including up to 1 year grace. Total project cost US$20 million. ETI score 60. Approval date 21 Oct 2025, PSD disclosed 22 Oct 2025. Status disbursing. IATI (XI-IATI-EBRD-56745) dates 12 Nov 2025 to 13 Nov 2029. Client information states that Khan Bank is the largest commercial bank in Mongolia serving more than 82 per cent of the population through digital channels and 538 branches, and at 1H2025 had total assets of US$6.0 billion (29 per cent of sector), loans US$3.6 billion (32 per cent) and equity US$680.8 million (34 per cent), rated B2/stable (Moody's) and B+/stable (Fitch).
  https://www.ebrd.com/work-with-us/projects/psd/56745.html
• Project summary document, APU Dairy 55290 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Senior loan of up to US$20 million in MNT equivalent, including a US$2 million concessional tranche funded by Canada under the High Impact Partnership on Climate Action, to APU Dairy for dairy processing and packaging capacity expansion, a new energy-efficient production facility and working capital. Sustainability-linked pricing. Total project cost US$53 million. Sector food and agribusiness. Status disbursing. IATI dates 29 Nov 2024 to 10 May 2032.
  https://www.ebrd.com/work-with-us/projects/psd/55290.html
• Project summary document, DFF - Ulaanbaatar Flour 54920 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Senior loan of up to US$8 million to Ulaanbaatar Flour LLC (Tavan Bogd Group) for working capital for wheat procurement. Total project cost US$28 million (EBRD US$8 million, borrower cash flow US$6 million, other banks US$14 million). Category B. Status signed. IATI dates 5 Apr 2024 to 8 Sep 2027.
  https://www.ebrd.com/work-with-us/projects/psd/54920.html

European Commission, DG International Partnerships (IATI data via d-portal)

• IATI activity records, Sustainable Ecosystem and Agriculture Management for Rural Development in Mongolia (STREAM+) (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Contract 2024-PC-43588 commitment US$14,915,400, spend US$7,931,699, 1 Aug 2024 to 31 Jul 2028. Parent decision 2023-ACT-62005 commitment US$14,862,360, 21 Nov 2023 to 21 Sep 2031. Action to strengthen Mongolia's capacity to transition to a greener economy based on sustainable and resilient ecosystem and agricultural management with benefits to local communities. The FAO component is recorded under fao-749257. Values are as converted to US$ by d-portal.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XI-IATI-EC_INTPA-2024-PC-43588&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting

Financial Regulatory Commission

• Consolidated financial statements of non-bank financial institutions, Q4 2025 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · NBFI gross loans 7,512.2 billion MNT end-2025 (+25.9 percent y/y), 7.1 trillion net, NPL 605.6 billion (8.4 percent), 575 NBFIs in the prudential consolidation. Table 15 (million MNT): agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting loans issued in 2025 63,225.0 (0.4 percent of issuance), repaid 56,659.2, outstanding 74,318.1 (1.0 percent of NBFI loans). 88.5 percent of NBFI loans are to individuals. Green loans to sustainable agriculture had 88.9 percent performing, 9.0 percent NPL.
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Image/Document/202602/8F0Nr/negtgel-2025Q4-site.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of non-bank financial institutions, Q2 2026 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · NBFI loans 8.6 trillion MNT at end-Q2 2026 (+23.8 percent y/y), 583 NBFIs in the consolidation. Table 15 (million MNT, H1 2026): agriculture loans issued 54,118.2 (0.7 percent), repaid 32,968.0, outstanding 81,320.0 (1.0 percent).
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Image/Document/202608/xwJF3/negtgel2026Q2-site.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of non-bank financial institutions, Q4 2024 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · NBFI loans 5.8-5.9 trillion MNT end-2024, 573 NBFIs in the consolidation. Table 15 (million MNT): agriculture loans issued 2024 68,753.6 (0.6 percent), repaid 48,161.9, outstanding 62,354.1 (1.1 percent).
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Image/Document/202505/6S7IL/negtgel-2024Q4-site.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of non-bank financial institutions, Q4 2023 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 529 NBFIs in the consolidation. Table 15 (million MNT): agriculture loans issued 2023 33,375.6 (0.47 percent), repaid 25,935.2, outstanding 34,530.6 (0.9 percent). Green loans to sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and eco-tourism outstanding 799.6 million MNT.
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Images/Document/202402/ATvmp/negtgel-2023Q4-dotood-site.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of non-bank financial institutions, Q4 2022 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 513 NBFIs in the consolidation. Table 15 (million MNT): agriculture loans issued 2022 36,036.2 (0.8 percent), repaid 24,769.0, outstanding 35,419.2 (1.3 percent).
  https://www.frc.mn/resource/frc/Document/2023/04/18/zmcvtdy9eqjd849r/negtgel%202022Q4_site.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of non-bank financial institutions, Q4 2021 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 534 NBFIs in the consolidation. Table (million MNT): agriculture loans issued 2021 21,745.7 (0.7 percent), repaid 19,625.4, outstanding 23,796.9 (1.2 percent).
  https://www.frc.mn/resource/frc/Document/2022/02/22/x3jgppmv5pd7pnnz/20220210_nbfi_report_site.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of non-bank financial institutions, Q4 2020 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 532 NBFIs in the consolidation. Loans by sector (billion MNT): agriculture issued 2020 18.3 (1.1 percent), repaid 16.7, outstanding 21.4 (1.6 percent).
  https://www.frc.mn/resource/frc/Document/2021/05/12/shw5ijt7mvi8ozqe/negtgel%20202004%20site.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of savings and credit cooperatives, Q4 2025 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Number of SCCs 2021 209; 2022 196; 2023 191; 2024 178; 2025 176 (94 rural, 82 Ulaanbaatar). Members 2021 75,400; 2022 71,657; 2023 72,521; 2024 75,252; 2025 77,155 (rural 36,857). End-2025 total assets 378,980.9 million MNT, loans outstanding 290,876.5 million MNT (rural SCCs 78,873.3 million, 27.1 percent), 28,327 borrowers. No breakdown of SCC loans by economic sector is published.
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Image/Document/202602/KCVvV/SCC-negtgel-2025.IV--Huraangui-last-last-last.pdf
• Consolidated financial statements of savings and credit cooperatives, Q2 2026 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 173 SCCs at end-Q2 2026 (93 rural, 80 Ulaanbaatar), 44 branches, 560 staff, 79,593 members (rural 37,762). No sector breakdown of loans.
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Image/Document/202609/sV856/SCC-negtgel-2026.II---Huraangui.pdf
• Insurance sector consolidated report, year-end 2025 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 22 insurers in 2025 (18 general, 3 life, 1 reinsurer), 63 brokers. Total premiums (million MNT) 2016-2025: 114,501.9; 144,338.4; 178,704.8; 198,705.6; 205,067.0; 247,479.6; 304,800.9; 398,736.3; 510,551.7; 595,971.0; penetration 0.48 to 0.66 percent of GDP. Livestock insurance 2025 gross premium 4,128.6 million MNT, of which index-based livestock insurance 3,175.6 gross and 2,708.2 net; IBLI contracts 3,420 (2024) and 2,555 (2025). Crop insurance premium nil in 2025 (150 contracts in 2024, no premium recorded). Livestock insurance claims 13,239.2 (2024) and 110.3 (2025) million MNT; IBLI claims 97.8 (2024, 12 contracts) and 0.9 (2025, 4 contracts). The sole domestic reinsurer National Reinsurance JSC (Undesnii davkhar daatgal) wrote 11.4 billion MNT reinsurance premium in 2025; IBLI reinsurance premium 1,404.6 (2024) and 1,740.7 (2025) million MNT, IBLI reinsurance claims paid 14,580.7 (2024) and 0 (2025); in 2024 IBLI made up 92.0 percent of reinsurer claims of 15.8 billion due to the 2023-2024 dzud. Broker-intermediated IBLI 2025 premium 3,256.0 million MNT, 19,350 individual contracts.
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Image/Document/202603/yJ5pu/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB-2025-%D0%BE%D0%BD.pdf
• Insurance sector consolidated report, year-end 2024 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Index-based livestock insurance gross premium 1,591.8 (2023) and 733.5 (2024) million MNT; contracts 4,840 (2023) and 3,420 (2024). Livestock insurance premium 4,953.3 (2023) and 3,945.7 (2024). IBLI claims 451.0 (2023, 303 contracts) and 97.8 (2024, 12 contracts). Reinsurer claims paid 15.8 billion MNT in 2024, 92.0 percent IBLI, linked to the 2023 winter dzud; IBLI reinsurance claims 14,580.7 million MNT. Broker-intermediated IBLI 2024 premium 2,575.2 million MNT, 16,233 individual contracts.
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Image/Document/202503/NOvUo/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB-2024-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82.pdf
• Insurance sector consolidated report, year-end 2023 (PDF, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Livestock insurance contracts 2,809 (2022) and 6,805 (2023), premium 3,774.0 and 4,953.3 million MNT; IBLI 2023 premium 1,591.8 million MNT (4,840 contracts), claims 451.0 million MNT. Broker-intermediated IBLI 2023 sum insured 124,388.9 million MNT, premium 4,091.8 million MNT, 31,345 individual contracts, 16,190 insured items. IBLI reinsurance premium 102.6 million MNT in 2023.
  https://www.frc.mn/resources/Images/Document/202403/hMABb/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB-2023--%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82.pdf
• Regulations on the agricultural commodity exchange (document list API, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Four FRC regulations dated 1 April 2020 in the online list: licensing of agricultural exchange brokers (No. 69), licensing of the agricultural raw material and commodity exchange (No. 264), regulation of agricultural exchange broker activity (No. 149), supervision of the agricultural commodity exchange (No. 251). FRC keeps a licence holder category for agricultural exchange brokers. No trading volume data found on frc.mn.
  https://www.frc.mn:5001/api/document?menuid=224&site=main&lang=mn

Financial Regulatory Commission of Mongolia

• Register of licensed reinsurance companies (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Санхүүгийн зохицуулах хороо, Government Building IV, Baga Toiruu 3, Ulaanbaatar. The insurance section lists licensee categories (general insurers, long-term insurers, reinsurance company, brokers, loss adjusters, agents, actuaries). The reinsurance register lists one company only, Үндэсний давхар даатгал ХК (National Reinsurance JSC), licence date 21 Jan 2015, address Business Tower 20th floor 2001, Chinggis Ave 10b, Sukhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar. No company named Хөдөө аж ахуйн давхар даатгал ХК (Agricultural Reinsurance JSC) appears in the register. JavaScript page read in a browser on 16 Oct 2026.
  https://www.frc.mn/#/sct;id=13/reinsurance/302

Food and Agriculture Organization (IATI data via d-portal)

• IATI activity record, Strengthening Animal Health and Food Safety Systems 670321 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Commitment US$5,964,940, spend US$5,935,949, dates 12 Jun 2020 to 31 Mar 2025, closed. Objective to improve the quality of and access to veterinary services nationally and to contribute to establishing transboundary-animal-disease-free zones in specified areas.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-41301-670321&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting
• IATI activity records, STREAM and STREAM+ (FAO components) (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · STREAM+ FAO component 749257 commitment US$5,359,058, spend US$2,544,014, 1 Aug 2024 to 31 Jul 2028, objective to contribute to strengthening Mongolia's green and digital transition for inclusive and sustainable development. Earlier STREAM Mongolia (692222) commitment US$1,794,136, spend US$1,779,807, 1 May 2021 to 30 Apr 2024. Other FAO activities in the same dataset include Enhancing production and market access of vegetables (722322) US$1,979,539, 1 Jul 2023 to 30 Jun 2026, and Strengthening the newly established Plant Protection Agency (756817) US$205,000, 1 Apr 2025 to 31 Mar 2027.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-41301-749257&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

• FAOSTAT Production, Crops and Livestock Products (QCL), bulk download all data normalized, file dated 23 Dec 2025 (CSV in ZIP, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Ranks computed by the researcher among FAOSTAT country entries (area codes below 5000, aggregate China code 351 excluded), year 2024. Horses 4,683,233 head, rank 4 of 143 (after Mexico, United States, Brazil), 8.33 percent of the FAOSTAT World total. Goats 22,920,180 head, rank 12 of 181 (1.93 percent; rank 10 in 2015, 2020, 2022). Sheep 24,491,124 head, rank 14 of 177 (1.80 percent; rank 11 in 2022). Camels 480,567 head, rank 13 of 46. Cattle 5,074,552 head, rank 52 of 190. Horse meat production 61,158 t, rank 4 of 60, 8.18 percent of the FAOSTAT World total (rank 3 in 2020-2023, 79,531 t in 2023). Sheep meat 133,288 t rank 19. Goat meat 63,789 t rank 16 (rank 8 in 2020 and 2022). Camel meat 11,572 t rank 14. Greasy shorn wool 14,112 t (FAO estimate flag E) rank 22 of 69. The 2025 bulk file contains no item for goat fine hair or cashmere, so no FAOSTAT cashmere rank could be computed.
  https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip
• Land Use domain bulk download, all data normalized, Mongolia rows (CSV in ZIP, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Unit thousand ha. Land area equipped for irrigation 2000 88.0, 2005 90.6, 2010 93.5, 2014 95.6, 2015 79.66, 2016-2024 87.94 (2016-2020 flag X, from AQUASTAT or other international source). Cropland area actually irrigated 2015 45.2, 2016 35.7, 2017 36.0, 2018 36.5, 2019 47.3, 2020 60.2, 2021 44.5, 2022 80.0, 2023 50.74, 2024 59.54. Cropland 2010 1239.0, 2015 1333.1, 2020 1127.5, 2024 1128.6. Arable land 2024 1123.2. Permanent meadows and pastures 2010 112971, 2015 112331, 2020 111354, 2022 110860, 2023 106318, 2024 106117. Agricultural land 2024 107245.6.
  https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip

General Agency for Land Administration and Management, Geodesy and Cartography

• Second National Report on Assessing the Impacts of Rangeland Use through Photo Monitoring, chapter 3, the condition of Mongolia's rangelands based on photo monitoring results 2020-2025 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Table 7, share of surveyed rangeland by recovery class (percent, I reference, II slightly changed, III considerably changed, IV strongly degraded, V very strongly changed): 2020 12.9, 49.8, 16.8, 15.2, 5.3. 2021 14.6, 49.9, 16.6, 13.4, 5.5. 2022 14.5, 50.4, 15.0, 14.8, 5.4. 2023 12.6, 54.6, 15.3, 13.4, 4.2. 2024 17.0, 47.9, 18.2, 13.2, 3.7. 2025 15.2, 54.2, 15.5, 9.2, 5.9. Surveyed area 123.2 million ha (2020) to 130.5 million ha (2025). Diagram 5 in million ha for 2025 Class I 19.9, II 70.7, III 20.3, IV 12.0, V 7.6. Chapter 1 (report-1_en.pdf) notes Government Resolution No. 91 of 2025 on NDC 3.0, the 2024 Law on the Legal Status of Herder Household Associations and Land Law article 52.12. Photo-monitoring method differs from the 2015 and 2018 site-based reports.
  https://gazar.gov.mn/conferences/nrosomr/reports/report-3_en.pdf

General Agency for Veterinary Services of Mongolia

• Official website home and about page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Мал эмнэлгийн ерөнхий газар. The site header describes it as a Government implementing agency (Засгийн газрын хэрэгжүүлэгч агентлаг). Listed by MOFALI as a subordinate agency. Implementing partner of FAO project 'Strengthening Animal Health and Food Safety Systems' (see fao-670321). No figures read. The site's TLS certificate had expired when checked in October 2026.
  https://www.vet.gov.mn/about

Golomt Bank

• Golomt Bank issues USD 50 million green and social bond, news, 2 January 2025 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · USD 50 million green and social bond issued 2 January 2025, 5-year maturity, 8 percent coupon, international market, listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange (news 45840 of 10 January 2025). Proceeds for renewable energy, energy efficiency, pollution reduction and other environmentally friendly projects. Bank self-report.
  https://golomtbank.com/news/45705

Government of Mongolia

• Mongolia's Nationally Determined Contribution to the UNFCCC (updated NDC approved by Government Decree No. 407 of November 2019, submitted 2020) (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Target 22.7 percent reduction in total national GHG emissions by 2030 vs BAU, 27.2 percent with conditional measures (carbon capture and storage, waste-to-energy), 44.9 percent including forest removals. BAU 2030 74.3 Mt CO2-eq without LULUCF (2010 25.8, 2015 37.6, 2020 49.1, 2025 62.5). Agriculture measures (regulate and reduce livestock number, improve manure management) 5,283.3 Gg CO2-eq reduction by 2030, energy 11,264.6, IPPU 234.1. Conditional 3.3 Mt, forest removals -2.6 Mt. Financing needs about USD 11.5 billion (USD 6.3 billion mitigation, USD 5.2 billion adaptation). Agriculture added to the NDC scope for the first time.
  https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/First%20Submission%20of%20Mongolia%27s%20NDC.pdf
• Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) of Mongolia, approved by Government Resolution No. 91 of 10 September 2025 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Unconditional reduction of total GHG emissions excluding LULUCF 23.0 percent by 2030 and 30.3 percent by 2035 vs BAU (16.0 Mt CO2-eq in 2030, 24.7 Mt in 2035). With forest sequestration 39.8 percent (19.3 Mt) by 2030 and 46.3 percent (28.0 Mt) by 2035. Conditional extra 1.8 Mt (2030) and 3.9 Mt (2035), total 52.8 percent by 2035. Previous NDC2.0 figures 22.7, 38.4 and 44.9 percent. Net Zero by 2050 announced at COP27, Global Methane Pledge joined. Financing needs USD 14.84 billion (mitigation USD 9.64 billion, 92 percent unconditional, adaptation USD 5.2 billion, of which USD 1.79 billion unconditional and USD 3.45 billion conditional). Context figures: temperature +2.46 deg C 1940-2022, winter +3.2, summer +1.6, cold-season precipitation +19 percent. Projections +0.7-1.4 deg C by 2030, +1.1-2.9 by 2050, +1.2-6.5 by 2080. 2020 pasture assessment nearly 70 percent deteriorated, 22.4 percent moderately, 17.9 percent severely and 11.0 percent extremely degraded. 4.7 million ha pasture and 81.5 thousand ha cultivated land degraded by 2022. 926.4 thousand ha agricultural land eroded, 53.3 percent severely. Agriculture 10.2 percent of GDP and 24.9 percent of labour in 2023, livestock 82.5 percent of agricultural output in 2024. Adaptation section 3.2.5 animal husbandry and pastureland, four targets incl. financial mechanisms for sustainable pasture management.
  https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Mongolia%20NDC3_0%20under%20UNFCCC_PA%20FINAL.pdf

Government of the Republic of Korea (IATI data via d-portal)

• IATI activity record, Strengthen agricultural production capacity through sustainable year-round greenhouses in Ulaanbaatar (JSON, English and Korean)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Reported by the Korean Office for Government Policy Coordination. Commitment US$12,335,872, dates 1 Jan 2026 to 1 Nov 2030. Objective to enhance winter vegetable production capacity in Ulaanbaatar for food security and public health.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=KR-GOV-010-KR-GOV-051-2026010100039&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting

Green Climate Fund

• Mongolia country page and project pages FP028, FP046, FP077, FP141, FP153, FP154, SAP004, FP297 (web pages, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Country page 14 projects, total GCF financing USD 497 million, readiness support USD 8.3 million. FP028 MSME Business Loan Program for GHG Emission Reduction, XacBank, approved 15 Dec 2016, GCF USD 20.0 million (loan 19.5, grant 0.5), total USD 60 million. FP046 Renewable Energy Program 1 Solar, XacBank, approved 2 Oct 2017, GCF USD 8.65 million loan, total USD 17.6 million, completed. FP077 Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal, ADB, approved 1 Mar 2018, GCF USD 145 million (loan 95, grant 50), total USD 570 million. SAP004 Energy Efficient Consumption Loan Programme, XacBank, approved 20 Oct 2018, GCF USD 10 million, total USD 21.5 million. FP141 Improving Adaptive Capacity and Risk Management of Rural Communities in Mongolia, UNDP, approved 13 Nov 2020, GCF grant USD 23,101,276, co-financing USD 56.2 million, total USD 79.3 million, 930,000 beneficiaries, 88 percent disbursed, completion 9 Feb 2028, rangeland management, ecosystem-based adaptation, value chains and livestock policy reform. FP153 Mongolia Green Finance Corporation, XacBank, approved 13 Nov 2020, GCF USD 26,654,103 (equity 4.65, grant 2.0, loans 15.0 and 5.0), co-financing USD 23 million, total USD 49.7 million, 3.8 million tCO2-eq, 59 percent disbursed. FP154 Aimags and Soums Green Regional Development Investment Program (ASDIP), ADB, approved 19 Mar 2021, GCF USD 175 million (grant 45, loan 130), total USD 735 million, rangeland and agribusiness value chains, 112 million tCO2-eq. FP297 CC Asia Climate Fund (Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan), approved 28 Mar 2026, GCF equity USD 37.5 million, total USD 150 million. Multi-country programmes also covering Mongolia FP025 GCF-EBRD SEFF, FP086 Green Cities, FP099 Climate Investor One, FP204 SRMI, FP223 GAIA, FP253 Greening Financial Systems.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/countries/mongolia
• Green Climate Fund backs new national platform to scale green investment in Mongolia, press release, 20 August 2026 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Mongolia Green Finance Corporation launched 20 August 2026 at the High-Level Sustainable Finance Forum held alongside UNCCD COP17 in Ulaanbaatar. Public-private institution bringing the Government and the financial sector onto one platform. GCF concessional finance USD 26.654 million (grants, loans, equity) in a total project of USD 49.654 million. Expected 3,754,767 tCO2 lifetime reduction, 86,291 direct beneficiaries (43,145 women), 1,491,375 indirect. DBM, Credit Guarantee Fund, XacBank and GGGI represented.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/about/news-and-updates/green-climate-fund-backs-new-national-platform-scale-green-investment-mongolia
• Project page FP141 Improving Adaptive Capacity and Risk Management of Rural Communities in Mongolia (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Accredited entity UNDP. Approved by GCF Board 13 Nov 2020, FAA effective 9 Feb 2021, completion 9 Feb 2028. Total project value US$79.3 million, GCF grant US$23,101,276, co-financing grants US$56,200,000 (US$20,000,000, US$33,200,000 and US$3,000,000). 88 per cent of GCF financing disbursed (disbursements US$1,018,537 Apr 2021, US$5,298,430 Nov 2022, US$6,871,736 Feb 2024, US$3,566,722 Aug 2025, US$3,479,974 Aug 2026). Expected beneficiaries 930,000 people. Adaptation, Category B. Covers climate-informed rangeland management, ecosystem-based adaptation, value chains and sustainable livestock policy.
  https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp141

IATI d-portal

• All IATI activities with Mongolia as recipient country, 3,670 records (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Downloaded 16 Oct 2026, 3,670 activity rows. Used to screen agriculture, livestock, rangeland and agri-finance programmes. No KfW agriculture activity for Mongolia was found. No JICA activities are published to IATI for Mongolia in this dataset.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act,country&country_code=MN&limit=-1&select=aid,title,reporting_ref,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

• Mongolia severe winter, emergency appeal MDRMN004 final report, 2011 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · According to the Mongolian government as of May 2010, up to 8.4 million heads of livestock perished in 175 soums in 18 provinces. About 770,000 herders were affected, 43,500 herders were left without a single animal and 164,000 other families lost more than half of their livestock. More than 1,400 herder households relocated to urban areas. IFRC appeal budget CHF 1,312,669 for 13,200 beneficiaries (GO appeal list).
  https://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/10/MDRMN004FR.pdf
• Mongolia extreme winter condition, emergency appeal MDRMN005 final report, 2017 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Number of people affected 965,000. Cumulative adult livestock deaths in 2016 January 118,400, February 391,900, March 830,500, April 1,039,900, May 1,167,600, June 1,236,700. Drought in summer 2015 caused insufficient hay. People assisted 32,981 (5,500 households). Appeal coverage CHF 848,456 (87 percent).
  https://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=166803
• Mongolia cold wave 2022, DREF MDRMN017 final report, 2023 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · According to MoFALI, between December 2022 and May 2023, 2 million livestock perished, 1.4 percent of total livestock. From 1 January to 3 March 2023, 483,593 livestock perished. Recalls the 2009-2010 dzud with up to 8.4 million livestock lost and the 2016-2017 dzud with 1.1 million (1.9 percent of livestock). DREF budget CHF 570,620 for 11,660 people (GO appeal list).
  https://go-api.ifrc.org/api/DownloadFile/67791/MDRMN017dfr
• Mongolia cold wave (dzud) 2023-2024, emergency appeal MDRMN020 operation update no. 3, 13 November 2024 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 8.1 million livestock perished as of July 2024, 12.5 percent of total livestock, according to MoFALI. Nearly 5,000 herder households lost over 70 percent of their livestock. 27.4 percent of households (246,302 of 897,427, NSO 2021) are pastoral. Sector GDP down 12 percent in Q1 2024 year on year. IFRC appeal CHF 4.5 million (Federation-wide CHF 5.2 million), DREF CHF 1,000,000, 36,000 people targeted, 40 percent funded. NAMEM and MoFALI 2024-2025 carrying capacity map of 17 October 2024 shows 47 percent of the country with grazing reserves and 20 percent with pasture just enough for existing livestock.
  https://go-api.ifrc.org/api/DownloadFile/87476/MDRMN020OU3
• IFRC GO appeals list for Mongolia, all emergency appeals and DREFs (API JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Cold wave and dzud operations with amount requested (CHF) and targeted beneficiaries: M00EA005 snowfalls 2000 4,062,000 and 35,000. M01EA007 2001 2,864,472 and 35,000. M03EA002 dzud 2003 3,147,000 and 115,000. MDRMN003 cold waves Jan 2010 400,000. MDRMN004 severe winter Mar 2010 1,312,669 and 13,200. MDRMN005 extreme winter Jan 2016 979,346 and 27,000. MDRMN006 severe winter Jan 2017 856,387 and 11,264. MDRMN007 2018 257,842 and 9,000. MDRMN010 early action dzud Jan 2020 205,643. MDRMN011 severe winter Feb 2020 311,817 and 7,500. MDRMN013 dzud Dec 2020 293,454 and 8,000. MDRMN017 cold wave Dec 2022 570,620 and 11,660. MDRMN018 cold wave May 2023 337,609 and 3,400. MDRMN020 cold wave Feb 2024 4,500,000 and 36,000. MDRMN021 snowstorm Feb 2026 161,038 and 3,700.
  https://goadmin.ifrc.org/api/v2/appeal/?country__iso3=MNG&limit=50

International Finance Corporation

• IFC invests in Mongolia's first-ever green bond, press release, 17 March 2023 (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Khan Bank USD 60 million five-year green bond, IFC USD 15 million, FMO USD 35 million, MicroVest USD 10 million. Proceeds for renewable energy, energy efficiency, green buildings, green mobility and climate-smart agriculture. Described as the first green bond issued in Mongolia.
  https://www.ifc.org/en/pressroom/2023/ifc-invests-in-mongolias-first-ever-green-bond-in-a-bid-to-spur

International Finance Corporation, Sustainable Banking Network

• SBN country progress report Mongolia, 2019 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Mongolian Sustainable Finance Principles issued by the Mongolian Bankers Association in 2014 with four sector guidelines (agriculture, construction and infrastructure, manufacturing, mining). Bank of Mongolia SBN member since 2012, MBA since 2013. Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association created January 2018. National Sustainable Finance Roadmap launched by MSFA in 2018. Draft Green Finance Taxonomy MSFA 2019. Banks report on the eight Principles every six months. MSFA award for banks launched 2015.
  https://sbfnetwork.org/sites/default/files/2025/Apr/SBN_country_reports_country_with_framework_Mongolia.pdf

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IATI data via d-portal)

• IATI activity record, Project for Market and Pasture Management Development (MPMD) 1100001455 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Reported by IFAD. Commitment US$22,071,814, disbursed US$20,621,020. Dates 11 May 2011 to 30 Sep 2027, status implementation. Objective to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods of poor herder, soum and aimag households, strengthening pasture user groups as the fundamental institution in pasture management and piloting climate change adaptation. Earlier IFAD Rural Poverty-Reduction Programme (aid XM-DAC-41108-1100001205) commitment US$14,462,220, disbursed US$16,495,796, 5 Sep 2002 to 30 Sep 2011. ifad.org pages returned HTTP 403.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=XM-DAC-41108-1100001455&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting

International Monetary Fund (IMF), Statistics Department

• Exchange Rates (ER) dataset – Mongolia, domestic currency per US$ (end of period and period average)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Dataset page https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA:ER. The IMF republishes the Bank of Mongolia official rate. MNT per US$, end of period: 2009 1,442.84; 2010 1,256.47; 2011 1,396.37; 2012 1,392.10; 2013 1,654.10; 2014 1,885.60; 2015 1,995.98; 2016 2,489.53; 2017 2,427.13; 2018 2,643.69; 2019 2,734.33; 2020 2,849.89; 2021 2,849.34; 2022 3,444.60; 2023 3,410.69; 2024 3,420.46; 2025 3,556.81; end-August 2026 3,595.14 (monthly series MNG.XDC_USD.EOP_RT.M, 2026-M08). Annual average: 2010 1,357.06; 2011 1,265.52; 2012 1,357.58; 2013 1,523.93; 2014 1,817.94; 2015 1,970.31; 2016 2,140.29; 2017 2,439.78; 2018 2,472.48; 2019 2,663.54; 2020 2,813.29; 2021 2,849.29; 2022 3,140.68; 2023 3,465.74; 2024 3,389.98; 2025 3,545.14 (identical to WDI PA.NUS.FCRF). Conversions used on this profile (own calculations): bank loans to agriculture MNT 1,470.6 bn (Aug 2026) / 3,595.14 = US$409 m; MNT 1,518.6 bn (Dec 2025) / 3,556.81 = US$427 m; agriculture plus herder loans MNT 2,761.1 bn (Aug 2026) = US$768 m; herder loans MNT 1,290.5 bn (Aug 2026) = US$359 m; programme-funded agricultural loans MNT 1,228.5 bn (Dec 2025) = US$345 m; green loans to sustainable agriculture MNT 348.9 bn (Dec 2025) = US$98.1 m; gross agricultural output MNT 10.34 trillion (2025) / 3,545.14 = US$2.92 bn; Food Supply and Security movement MNT 1.7 trillion at the 2022 average rate 3,140.68 = US$541 m; New Cooperative Movement MNT 5 trillion at the 2024 average rate 3,389.98 = US$1.47 bn; loan stocks 2010–2025 in the US$ loan chart at the end-of-period rates listed above.
  https://api.imf.org/external/sdmx/2.1/data/IMF.STA,ER/MNG.XDC_USD.EOP_RT+PA_RT.A?startPeriod=2009

Japan International Cooperation Agency

• TSL - Success stories behind a thousand projects, Two-Step Loan Project for SME Development and Environmental Protection (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 84 pages. Phase 1 ODA loan JPY 2.9 billion (2006, 40 years, 0.75 per cent), Phase 2 JPY 5 billion (2011, 40 years, 0.65 per cent). On-lending contracts by Ministry of Finance and MOFALI with participating financial institutions. Project office transferred to MOFALI in Feb 2019, revolving fund continues. By June 2023, 968 sub-loans totalling US$197.7 million (Phase I and II March 2007 to June 2014 US$93.3 million). Average sub-loan US$204 thousand, terms 3-10 years, 6-8 per cent for MNT loans, 5.0-10.2 per cent for USD loans. 14,850 new jobs directly created as of Q3 2023. Sector composition chart shows 60 per cent processing industry, 19 per cent services, 17 per cent crop farming and livestock farms, 4 per cent heat-only boilers. 42 per cent of sub-loan companies in rural areas, 58 per cent in Ulaanbaatar. Project page https://www.jica.go.jp/english/overseas/mongolia/activities/activity09.html.
  https://www.jica.go.jp/overseas/mongolia/sjp04ove1698/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2024/06/07/TSLReport_english_3.pdf

Legal Information System of Mongolia

• Law on Index-Based Livestock Insurance, 13 June 2014 (web text, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 13 June 2014. Purpose clause 1.1 covers index-based livestock insurance, state oversight, risk sharing, compensation, livestock reinsurance and protection of insurers and insured. Participation is voluntary (5.1.1). Article 8 defines low, middle and upper risk tiers by first and second threshold mortality rates set by Government (Article 7, review with one-point and five-point bands). Article 18 defines the reinsurance company as a profit-making joint stock company with special functions, state share represented by the Minister of Finance. Funds for middle-tier and upper-tier risk and a loss protection fund (Article 27) are regulated jointly by FRC and the budget ministry.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail/10485
• Parliament Resolution No. 74 of 28 December 2012 on measures to support herders and national producers (web text, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Authorised the Government to issue 140.4 billion MNT of 5-year securities to fund concessional loans (interest not above 7 percent a year) to national producers processing hides and skins, and an incentive to cooperative member herders of 3,000 MNT per small-stock skin and 15,000 MNT per cattle or horse hide delivered to national processors, with the interest difference and incentives in the annual budget. Effective 1 January 2013, amended by Resolution 45 of 19 May 2016.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail/9003

MOFALI Research and Development Centre

• Official website home page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Хүнс, хөдөө аж ахуй, хөнгөн үйлдвэрийн судалгаа хөгжлийн төв. Sections cover research and testing in livestock, crop farming, food and light industry, an incubator and a central laboratory. No figures read.
  https://rdc.gov.mn

Ministry of Environment and Climate Change of Mongolia, Climate Change Research and Cooperation Centre

• Mongolia's First Biennial Transparency Report under the Paris Agreement, 31 December 2025 (PDF, English, copy of the UNFCCC submission hosted by Climate Policy Radar)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 2022 national GHG emissions 48,509.11 Gg CO2-eq without LULUCF (+102.12 percent vs 1990, 23,999.56), 16,603.67 with LULUCF (1990 -8,082.88). Sector shares 2022 agriculture 55.2 percent, energy 42.0, IPPU 1.5, waste 1.3. Gas shares CO2 42.88 percent, CH4 41.4 percent (20,078.08), N2O 16.4 percent (7,821.42), HFC 0.25 percent. Agriculture 26,762.24 Gg CO2-eq in 2022 vs 12,407.15 in 1990, livestock 25,856.90 to 71,121.45 thousand heads. Within agriculture 2022 enteric fermentation 70 percent (3.A CH4 669.14 Gg CH4), agricultural soils 27.6 percent, manure and burning 2.3 percent. Appendix I.8 agriculture by subsector Gg CO2-eq (3.A, 3.B, 3.D, 3.C.1): 2010 8150.29, 213.91, 3322.41, 33.08. 2015 13905.81, 364.03, 4936.48, 892.64. 2020 16988.21, 445.33, 6858.93, 31.73. 2021 17430.46, 459.17, 6943.35, 29.94. 2022 18736.05, 496.99, 7404.58, 124.62. Enteric CH4 by species 2022 Gg CH4 cattle 259.10, sheep 163.74, goat 137.85, horse 86.78, camel 21.64. NDC tracking (Table II.3-4) total 2020 43,604.77, 2021 45,740.01, 2022 48,509.11 vs 2022 BAU 54,525.77, 7.6 percent below BAU, 2030 target level 60,800. Projections (Table II.9) agriculture 2025 24,648.11, 2030 29,734.22, 2035 33,998.74, 2040 38,498.00. Warming of 2.52 deg C since 1940. Climate disaster damages about USD 2.5 billion in 2021. NDC financing gap USD 11.7 billion (about 85 percent of GDP). International climate finance about USD 2.5 billion mobilised 2010-2022, USD 301.96 million committed in 2021-2022 (USD 116.8 million grants, USD 179 million loans, USD 6.2 million technical assistance).
  https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/MNG/2025/mongolia-biennial-transparency-report-btr1_060104f15f846d4dcd013a89cbf05046.pdf

Ministry of Finance of Mongolia (document developed by the Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association, Tsinghua CFD and IFC)

• Mongolian Green Taxonomy, approved by the Financial Stability Commission (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Approved by the Financial Stability Commission (Bank of Mongolia, Financial Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Finance, Deposit Insurance Corporation). Green Taxonomy Committee established February 2019. Category 7 Sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry, biodiversity and eco-tourism includes 7.1.1 organic agriculture and animal husbandry products, 7.1.2 sustainable textile processing (cashmere, wool, yak down), 7.1.3 climate-smart agriculture (sustainable pasture and livestock management, herders reducing herd size), 7.2.5 natural grassland restoration. Cites the 22.7 percent GHG reduction target versus BAU and the National Sustainable Finance Roadmap (2018). Exact approval date not stated in the document.
  https://mof.gov.mn/files/uploads/article/1.1_Mongolia_Green_Taxonomy_compressed_.pdf

Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Administration of Land Affairs, Geodesy and Cartography, Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, SDC Green Gold Project

• National Report on the Rangeland Health of Mongolia, 2015 (PDF, English, copy hosted by USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Executive summary p.4: national livestock numbers 85.5 million sheep units in 2014 according to NSO, unprecedented in the historical record. NAMEM monitoring at 1450 long-term sites since 2011. Based on 2014 data, 65 percent of sites were altered relative to the ecological potential (reference condition), 48 percent of sites would require more than three years for recovery with altered management, and 7 percent of sites have experienced highly persistent degradation or desertification. Concludes that carrying capacity has been greatly exceeded in many areas and that overgrazing is a primary factor.
  https://jornada.nmsu.edu/files/National%20Report%20of%20Rangeland%20Health%20of%20Mongolia_2015.pdf

Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia

• Web links page listing MOFALI subordinate agencies and state-owned companies (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Хүнс, хөдөө аж ахуй, хөнгөн үйлдвэрийн яам (mofa.gov.mn). Head office Darkhan-Uul aimag, Darkhan soum (MOFALI building), second address Government Building IX, Enkhtaivan Ave 16a, Ulaanbaatar. Subordinate bodies listed (Харьяа байгууллагууд) as at 16 Oct 2026 are SME Agency (Жижиг, дунд үйлдвэрийн газар, sme.gov.mn), Plant Protection Agency (Ургамал хамгааллын газар, e-mongolia.mn/org/nppo), National Livestock Gene Bank Centre (Малын удмын сангийн үндэсний төв), General Agency for Veterinary Services (Мал эмнэлгийн ерөнхий газар, vet.gov.mn), MOFALI Research and Development Centre (rdc.gov.mn), Agricultural Corporation state-owned LLC (Хөдөө аж ахуйн корпораци ТӨХХК, agricorp.mn), Khalkhgol agricultural state-owned enterprise, Agricultural Commodity Exchange state-owned LLC (Хөдөө аж ахуйн бирж ТӨХХК, mce.mn), Biocombinat state-owned LLC, Inter-aimag Otor Pasture Administration (otor.gov.mn), plus 21 aimag Food and Agriculture Departments. The page is rendered by JavaScript (read in a browser).
  https://mofa.gov.mn/web

Mongolian Bankers Association

• Official website home page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Монголын Банкны Холбоо. Site publishes macroeconomic reviews, banking sector reviews, the Banking Service Code of Mongolia and an information security initiative. Founder of the Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association (see inst-toc). No figures read.
  https://mba.mn

Mongolian Bankers Association (copy hosted by the Sustainable Banking and Finance Network)

• Mongolian Sustainable Finance Principle Guidelines, Ulaanbaatar 2014 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Eight principles, 1 Protect the natural environment, 2 Protect people and communities, 3 Protect cultural heritage, 4 Promote green economy growth, 5 Promote financial inclusion, 6 Promote ethical finance and corporate governance, 7 Promote transparency and accountability, 8 Practice what we preach. Voluntary commitment of Mongolian banks, dated Ulaanbaatar 2014.
  https://data.sbfnetwork.org/sites/default/files/1330_Mongolia_Sustainable_Finance_Principle_Guidelines_2014_MBA.pdf

Mongolian National Federation of Pasture User Groups

• Scope of the federation page (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Монголын бэлчээр ашиглагчдын нэгдсэн холбоо (greenmongolia.mn). Membership 81.6 thousand, of which 80.0 thousand herder households, 1,445 pasture user groups (БАХ), 156 soum pasture user associations (СБАХ), 18 aimag pasture user associations (АБАХ) and 87 marketing and savings-and-credit cooperatives. Cooperatives hold MNT 1.03 billion of assets of 12.6 thousand herder households, employ 292 permanent and 342 temporary staff, annual sales over MNT 2.7 billion and pay MNT 4 million in tax a year. Common funds at 818 PUGs hold MNT 3.05 billion of savings of 24.2 thousand herder households in 127 dedicated accounts. Date of figures not stated.
  https://greenmongolia.mn/tsar-huree

Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association

• About us page (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Монголын Тогтвортой Санхүүжилтийн Холбоо (ToC Association). Established by the Mongolian Bankers Association in December 2017 as a non-governmental organisation bringing together banks, non-bank financial institutions and businesses. Activities cover sustainable finance (members' ESMS implementation, climate finance, reporting), sustainable business, policy support and research (ToC principles and guidelines), and public education. Site also hosts the Mongolia SDG-aligned finance taxonomy. Timeline starts with the first Sustainable Finance Forum in July 2013 and lists the 8 ToC principles.
  https://toc.mn/about

Mongolian Sustainable Finance Association, Tsinghua University Center for Finance and Development, IFC, Financial Stability Council

• Mongolian Green Taxonomy, approved by the Financial Stability Council (PDF, English, Ministry of Finance copy)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Approved by the Financial Stability Commission (Bank of Mongolia, FRC, Ministry of Finance, Deposit Insurance Corporation). Eight categories incl. sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry, biodiversity conservation and eco-tourism. Sub-categories 7.1.1 organic agriculture and animal husbandry products, 7.1.2 sustainable textile processing, 7.1.3 climate smart agriculture (sustainable pasture and livestock management incl. herders reducing herd sizes), 7.2.5 natural land management incl. restoration of degraded grassland. Policy target in the category: maintain livestock at levels consistent with pasture carrying capacity. Annual green investment needs USD 690 million to 1.03 billion, Green Development Policy cost USD 6.96 billion, revised NDC USD 11.7 billion. Approval in December 2019 is stated by other sources, the document itself carries no approval date.
  https://mof.gov.mn/files/uploads/article/1.1_Mongolia_Green_Taxonomy_compressed_.pdf

Mongolian Wool and Cashmere Association

• About us page (web page, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Established in 1993 by more than 10 companies. Members include 119 companies, enterprises and training, research and testing organisations from complex factories to small firms. Board of 7 elected by the members' meeting, permanent staff of 8. IWTO member since 2010. In 2019 the right to issue the Mongolian Noble Fibre quality mark was transferred to MWCA from MOFALI. Certification office since 2020, Textile Technology Center since 2022.
  https://www.mongoltextile.mn/about-us/

National Agency for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring

• Official website home page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Цаг уур, орчны шинжилгээний газар. The site header describes it as a Government implementing agency (Засгийн газрын хэрэгжүүлэгч агентлаг). No figures read.
  https://namem.gov.mn

National Association of Mongolian Agricultural Cooperatives

• Introduction of the national association (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Монголын хөдөө аж ахуйн хоршоологчдын үндэсний холбоо (info@namac.coop). First founded at the 3rd Congress of Agricultural Collective Members on 12-15 Jun 1967 as the Supreme Council of the Union of Agricultural Collectives, reorganised on 19 Jan 1992 as NAMAC, its official successor. Vision that agricultural cooperation is one pillar of Mongolia's sustainable development. Objectives include strengthening cooperative governance, management, human resources and economic capacity. Has a 2022-2030 strategy and runs the Agri-Coop label. No membership figure read.
  https://namac.mn/%d2%af%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%8d%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d1%85%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b1%d0%be%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%8b-%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%bb%d1%86%d1%83%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%b3%d0%b0/

National Emergency Management Agency of Mongolia

• Official website introduction page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Онцгой байдлын ерөнхий газар. The site describes it as a Government regulatory agency of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Засгийн газрын тохируулагч агентлаг). Emergency call numbers 101 and 105. No figures read.
  https://nema.gov.mn/taniltsuulga

National Statistics Office of Mongolia

• GDP by production approach, at current prices and fixed base-year prices, by year 1990-2025, table DT_NSO_0500_001V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Table updated 16 Feb 2026, 2025 marked preliminary (*). Units million MNT (US$ rows in thousand US$). GDP current prices (million MNT) 2010 9,756,588 | 2011 13,173,763 | 2012 16,688,420 | 2013 19,174,243 | 2014 22,227,054 | 2015 22,894,781 | 2016 23,931,343 | 2017 28,010,711 | 2018 32,582,629 | 2019 37,839,225 | 2020 37,453,275 | 2021 43,555,484 | 2022 53,851,544 | 2023 70,441,516 | 2024 80,663,051 | 2025* 89,937,128. Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting value added current prices (million MNT) 2010 1,144,698 | 2011 1,357,867 | 2012 1,878,786 | 2013 2,572,045 | 2014 2,965,361 | 2015 3,223,403 | 2016 3,022,013 | 2017 3,119,618 | 2018 3,723,544 | 2019 4,373,603 | 2020 4,856,063 | 2021 5,733,284 | 2022 7,015,700 | 2023 6,988,223 | 2024 5,881,104 | 2025* 8,039,329. Real growth GDP percent 2010 6.4 | 2011 17.3 | 2012 12.3 | 2013 11.6 | 2014 7.9 | 2015 2.38 | 2016 1.49 | 2017 5.64 | 2018 7.75 | 2019 5.6 | 2020 -4.6 | 2021 1.64 | 2022 5.03 | 2023 7.42 | 2024 5.12 | 2025* 6.84. Real growth agriculture percent 2010 -16.6 | 2011 -0.3 | 2012 21.1 | 2013 19.2 | 2014 13.7 | 2015 10.72 | 2016 5.4 | 2017 -0.29 | 2018 6.51 | 2019 5.2 | 2020 5.8 | 2021 -5.53 | 2022 12.01 | 2023 -8.92 | 2024 -28.71 | 2025* 33.24. Agriculture contribution to GDP growth (pp) 2024 -3.64, 2025* 2.86. GDP in thousand US$ 2010 7,192,790 | 2015 11,617,824 | 2020 13,311,845 | 2022 17,123,833 | 2023 20,324,867 | 2024 23,793,387 | 2025* 25,366,772. Agriculture VA thousand US$ 2010 843,899 | 2011 1,072,963 | 2012 1,382,070 | 2013 1,685,791 | 2014 1,630,860 | 2015 1,635,697 | 2016 1,407,066 | 2017 1,278,202 | 2018 1,505,880 | 2019 1,641,780 | 2020 1,725,968 | 2021 2,012,180 | 2022 2,230,868 | 2023 2,016,349 | 2024 1,734,764 | 2025* 2,267,493.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/National%20Accounts/GROSS%20DOMESTIC%20PRODUCT%2C%20by%20production%20approach%2C%20by%20year/DT_NSO_0500_001V1.px
• Industrial composition of GDP by economic activity, by year 1990-2025, table DT_NSO_0500_002V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Updated 6 May 2026, 2025 preliminary. Share of agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting in GDP (percent, fixed-base series) 2010 11.6 | 2011 10.2 | 2012 11.2 | 2013 13.39 | 2014 13.27 | 2015 14.0 | 2016 12.5 | 2017 11.0 | 2018 11.3 | 2019 11.5 | 2020 12.84 | 2021 13.02 | 2022 12.84 | 2023 9.79 | 2024 7.25 | 2025* 8.93.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/National%20Accounts/GROSS%20DOMESTIC%20PRODUCT%2C%20by%20production%20approach%2C%20by%20year/DT_NSO_0500_002V1.px
• GDP by production approach, at current prices and chain-linked volume measures (reference year 2024), pilot estimation, by year 2019-2025, table DT_NSO_0500_001V3 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Revised pilot series, updated 4 Sep 2026, methodology NSO Order A/129 of 8 Dec 2025. Million MNT. GDP current prices 2019 38,002,160 | 2020 38,402,456 | 2021 44,110,737 | 2022 53,977,136 | 2023 71,969,140 | 2024 83,948,962 | 2025 93,730,766. Agriculture VA current prices 2019 3,557,971 | 2020 3,948,215 | 2021 4,700,212 | 2022 5,571,804 | 2023 5,613,404 | 2024 4,338,906 | 2025 6,451,388 (share 2025 6.88 percent, 2024 5.17 percent, computed). Real growth GDP percent 2020 -3.8 | 2021 0.8 | 2022 3.96 | 2023 15.05 | 2024 8.96 | 2025 6.93. Real growth agriculture percent 2020 5.78 | 2021 -4.53 | 2022 7.81 | 2023 -7.91 | 2024 -32.6 | 2025 23.3. US$ row labelled thousand US$ but values are evidently million US$ (GDP 2025 26,436.77, agriculture 2025 1,819.61).
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/National%20Accounts/GROSS%20DOMESTIC%20PRODUCT%2C%20by%20production%20approach%2C%20by%20year/DT_NSO_0500_001V3.px
• GDP by production approach, current prices and chain-linked volume measures, 19 divisions, pilot estimation, by quarter (cumulative), table DT_NSO_0500_001V4 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Updated 4 Sep 2026. Cumulative million MNT. H1 2026 (2026-2) GDP current prices 51,337,780, agriculture 4,036,341 (share 7.86 percent). Q1 2026 GDP 23,024,499, agriculture 450,200 (1.96 percent). Year-on-year real growth GDP H1 2026 10.44 percent, Q1 2026 11.54 percent, agriculture H1 2026 11.59 percent, Q1 2026 11.49 percent. Agriculture contribution to GDP growth H1 2026 1.19 pp. Comparison H1 2025 GDP 40,060,977, agriculture 3,163,337, real growth GDP 3.76, agriculture 19.79. 2024 annual agriculture growth -32.6 percent.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/National%20Accounts/GROSS%20DOMESTIC%20PRODUCT%2C%20by%20production%20approach%2C%20by%20quarter/DT_NSO_0500_001V4.px
• Number of livestock by type of livestock, bag, khoroo and by year (end-of-year livestock census), table DT_NSO_1001_021V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Source Livestock and domestic animals, fences, wells census, updated 21 Aug 2026. Thousand head, end of year. Total 2009 44,023.9 | 2010 32,729.5 | 2011 36,335.8 | 2012 40,920.9 | 2013 45,144.3 | 2014 51,982.4 | 2015 55,979.7 | 2016 61,549.2 | 2017 66,219.0 | 2018 66,460.2 | 2019 70,969.3 | 2020 67,068.5 | 2021 67,343.8 | 2022 71,121.5 | 2023 64,681.9 | 2024 57,649.7 | 2025 58,104.2. Sheep 2010 14,480.4 | 2015 24,943.1 | 2019 32,267.3 | 2022 32,747.7 | 2023 29,409.4 | 2024 24,491.1 | 2025 23,862.5. Goats 2010 13,883.2 | 2015 23,592.9 | 2019 29,261.7 | 2022 27,569.4 | 2023 24,618.2 | 2024 22,920.2 | 2025 23,170.3. Cattle 2010 2,176.0 | 2015 3,780.4 | 2022 5,512.8 | 2023 5,350.8 | 2024 5,074.6 | 2025 5,441.5. Horses 2010 1,920.3 | 2015 3,295.3 | 2022 4,821.1 | 2023 4,829.7 | 2024 4,683.2 | 2025 5,128.7. Camels 2010 269.6 | 2015 368.0 | 2022 470.5 | 2023 473.9 | 2024 480.6 | 2025 501.3. Full annual series by species in data_nso.md.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Livestock/DT_NSO_1001_021V1.px
• Losses of adult animals by type of livestock, bag, khoroo and by year, table DT_NSO_1001_029V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Updated 26 Aug 2026. Natural losses of adult animals (dzud, disease, other natural causes), thousand head. Total 2010 10,319.9 | 2011 651.3 | 2012 428.9 | 2013 792.6 | 2014 401.4 | 2015 625.6 | 2016 1,452.1 | 2017 888.0 | 2018 2,635.4 | 2019 1,117.6 | 2020 2,064.1 | 2021 3,012.3 | 2022 667.5 | 2023 4,921.5 | 2024 9,364.1 | 2025 358.9. 2024 by species thousand head sheep 5,037.6, goats 2,956.2, cattle 800.1, horses 558.9, camels 11.2. 2010 by species goats 4,988.4, sheep 4,363.8, cattle 581.0, horses 369.7, camels 17.0. Percent of herd computed by the researcher against the previous year-end census (NSO defines the loss rate against the herd at the beginning of the year) 2010 23.4 | 2016 2.6 | 2018 4.0 | 2020 2.9 | 2021 4.5 | 2023 6.9 | 2024 14.5 | 2025 0.6.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Livestock/DT_NSO_1001_029V1.px
• Losses of adult animals by type of livestock, aimags and the Capital, by quarter (cumulative), table DT_NSO_1001_011V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Updated 22 Jul 2026. Cumulative thousand head. 2026 Q1 178.1, H1 348.5 (sheep 131.4, goats 141.1, cattle 44.6, horses 30.8, camels 0.5). 2025 Q1 83.4, H1 188.5, 9 months 198.6, full year 358.9. 2024 Q1 6,308.7, H1 8,086.4, 9 months 8,129.0, full year 9,364.1. 2023 Q1 948.4, H1 3,873.1, full year 4,921.5. Companion table DT_NSO_1001_008V1 gives surviving young animals H1 2026 18,965.7 thousand vs H1 2025 20,824.9 thousand.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Livestock/DT_NSO_1001_011V1.px
• Gross livestock output, by year 2000-2025, table DT_NSO_1001_001V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Million MNT, current prices. 2010 1,353,906 | 2011 1,585,330 | 2012 2,114,805 | 2013 2,937,635 | 2014 3,468,417 | 2015 3,728,706 | 2016 3,882,728 | 2017 4,101,724 | 2018 4,814,437 | 2019 4,807,059 | 2020 5,335,945 | 2021 6,243,577 | 2022 7,398,000 | 2023 7,135,934 | 2024 5,814,603 | 2025 8,410,263.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Livestock/DT_NSO_1001_001V1.px
• Gross output of crops, by year 2000-2025, table DT_NSO_1002_001V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Updated 31 Jul 2026, million MNT current prices. 2010 335,423 | 2011 400,653 | 2012 454,586 | 2013 507,360 | 2014 630,698 | 2015 561,724 | 2016 710,954 | 2017 825,356 | 2018 825,356 | 2019 872,324 | 2020 908,918 | 2021 1,490,904 | 2022 1,493,431 | 2023 1,963,001 | 2024 2,389,557 | 2025 1,932,689 (2017 and 2018 values identical in the table). At 2015 constant prices 2016 689,502 | 2020 748,352 | 2021 976,944 | 2022 865,004 | 2023 934,602 | 2024 1,037,846 | 2025 795,904. Combined with DT_NSO_1001_001V1 the livestock share of gross agricultural output is 80.1 percent (2010), 86.9 (2015), 85.4 (2020), 78.4 (2023), 70.9 (2024), 81.3 (2025), computed.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Agriculture/DT_NSO_1002_001V1.px
• Production of agriculture by type, region, aimags and the Capital (meat, milk, wool, cashmere, hides), 2010-2025, table DT_NSO_1001_041V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · National totals. Meat (tonnes) 2010 241,050 | 2011 251,348 | 2012 263,416 | 2013 299,281 | 2014 291,656 | 2015 448,156 | 2016 401,585 | 2017 426,168 | 2018 515,183 | 2019 543,817 | 2020 746,161 | 2021 506,970 | 2022 650,146 | 2023 668,559 | 2024 453,137 | 2025 699,872. Milk (tonnes) 2010 365,751 | 2011 529,946 | 2012 588,022 | 2013 666,953 | 2014 765,376 | 2015 695,279 | 2016 711,828 | 2017 731,585 | 2018 719,872 | 2019 193,245 | 2020 200,166 | 2021 186,576 | 2022 220,739 | 2023 266,254 | 2024 252,894 | 2025 295,391 (level break between 2018 and 2019 not explained in the table metadata). Wool (tonnes) 2010 17,118 | 2011 16,166 | 2012 17,487 | 2013 20,229 | 2014 22,319 | 2015 25,874 | 2016 27,503 | 2017 30,766 | 2018 33,269 | 2019 34,342 | 2020 35,919 | 2021 33,176 | 2022 35,153 | 2023 29,864 | 2024 24,250 | 2025 23,742. Cashmere (tonnes) 2010 6,516 | 2011 5,472 | 2012 6,326 | 2013 7,010 | 2014 7,727 | 2015 8,053 | 2016 8,591 | 2017 9,330 | 2018 9,967 | 2019 10,689 | 2020 11,520 | 2021 10,721 | 2022 10,371 | 2023 10,609 | 2024 8,688 | 2025 8,836. Hides (thousand pieces) 2010 16,778 | 2015 12,878 | 2020 15,649 | 2023 14,428 | 2024 11,010 | 2025 12,658.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Livestock/DT_NSO_1001_041V1.px
• Main agricultural production per capita, by year, table DT_NSO_1001_019V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Meat slaughter weight kg per capita 2010 73.5 | 2015 151.1 | 2020 231.4 | 2023 197.6 | 2024 132.5 | 2025 203.6. Milk litres 2010 123.6 | 2018 227.9 | 2019 60.5 | 2024 74.0 | 2025 85.9. Eggs pieces 2010 19.6 | 2025 71.0. Cereals kg 2010 129.6 | 2024 129.3 | 2025 85.7. Potatoes kg 2010 61.3 | 2024 73.4 | 2025 33.2. Vegetables kg 2010 30.0 | 2024 82.4 | 2025 69.8.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Livestock/DT_NSO_1001_019V1.px
• Sown area of cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops by type of crop, aimags and the Capital, by year 1960-2025, table DT_NSO_1002_004V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Hectares, national total. Cereals 2010 259,197 | 2011 299,927 | 2012 306,235 | 2013 293,262 | 2014 315,033 | 2015 390,690 | 2016 377,802 | 2017 390,860 | 2018 366,809 | 2019 369,445 | 2020 408,067 | 2021 432,747 | 2022 385,063 | 2023 363,061 | 2024 354,364 | 2025 310,872. Wheat 2010 250,233 | 2015 361,219 | 2020 377,012 | 2021 392,503 | 2022 357,950 | 2023 335,807 | 2024 317,739 | 2025 277,082. Potatoes 2010 13,814 | 2015 12,827 | 2020 19,022 | 2021 21,416 | 2022 21,015 | 2023 19,425 | 2024 19,614 | 2025 13,393. Vegetables 2010 7,032 | 2015 7,653 | 2020 10,573 | 2023 15,790 | 2024 20,233 | 2025 16,332. Fodder crops 2010 11,133 | 2015 23,841 | 2020 84,538 | 2021 108,342 | 2023 106,931 | 2024 100,811 | 2025 93,364.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Agriculture/DT_NSO_1002_004V1.px
• Harvested crop of cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fodder crops by aimags and the Capital, by year 1960-2025, table DT_NSO_1002_005V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Tonnes, national total. Cereals 2010 355,061 | 2011 446,051 | 2012 479,349 | 2013 387,043 | 2014 518,793 | 2015 216,268 | 2016 483,453 | 2017 238,102 | 2018 453,849 | 2019 433,305 | 2020 430,318 | 2021 614,497 | 2022 428,649 | 2023 470,337 | 2024 443,153 | 2025 294,529. Potatoes 2010 167,956 | 2015 163,767 | 2020 244,262 | 2021 182,638 | 2022 214,005 | 2023 179,368 | 2024 251,405 | 2025 114,108. Vegetables 2010 82,266 | 2015 72,348 | 2020 121,235 | 2022 148,859 | 2023 208,381 | 2024 282,292 | 2025 239,789. Fodder crops 2010 34,792 | 2015 49,164 | 2020 182,091 | 2021 293,676 | 2023 258,210 | 2024 259,180 | 2025 198,196.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Agriculture/DT_NSO_1002_005V1.px
• Yields of staple agricultural crops per hectare by type of crop, aimags and the Capital, by year, table DT_NSO_1002_006V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Centners per hectare (1 centner = 0.1 tonne). Wheat 2010 13.8 | 2011 15.0 | 2012 15.6 | 2013 13.4 | 2014 16.8 | 2015 5.6 | 2016 13.2 | 2017 6.3 | 2018 12.7 | 2019 12.0 | 2020 10.8 | 2021 14.4 | 2022 11.2 | 2023 13.2 | 2024 12.5 | 2025 9.7. Potatoes 2010 121.6 | 2015 127.7 | 2020 128.4 | 2022 101.8 | 2023 92.3 | 2024 128.2 | 2025 85.2. Cereals 2010 13.7 | 2015 5.5 | 2020 10.5 | 2024 12.5 | 2025 9.5.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Agriculture/DT_NSO_1002_006V1.px
• Gross hay harvest and laying-in of fodder by aimags and the Capital, by year, table DT_NSO_1002_007V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Thousand tonnes, national total. 2010 1,137.3 | 2011 1,195.2 | 2012 1,175.1 | 2013 1,169.3 | 2014 1,178.7 | 2015 1,028.7 | 2016 1,275.4 | 2017 1,008.1 | 2018 1,229.4 | 2019 1,369.2 | 2020 1,186.2 | 2021 1,720.6 | 2022 1,562.5 | 2023 1,564.7 | 2024 1,577.4 | 2025 1,809.5.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Industry%2C%20service/Agriculture/DT_NSO_1002_007V1.px
• Number of herdsmen by bag, khoroo and by year, table DT_NSO_1001_022V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Persons. National 2010 326,565 | 2011 310,767 | 2012 289,646 | 2013 285,691 | 2014 293,620 | 2015 297,828 | 2016 311,373 | 2017 303,590 | 2018 288,700 | 2019 285,482 | 2020 298,789 | 2021 305,430 | 2022 305,079 | 2023 298,338 | 2024 308,746 | 2025 313,199. 2025 by region Western 79,217, Khangai 129,330, Central 61,450, Eastern 37,725, Ulaanbaatar 5,477. 2025 largest aimags Khuvsgul 34,635, Uvurkhangai 29,062, Arkhangai 27,352, Bayankhongor 21,300, Tuv 21,090. Full aimag list in data_nso.md.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Population%2C%20household/3_Herdsmen/DT_NSO_1001_022V1.px
• Number of herder households by bag, khoroo and by year, table DT_NSO_1001_027V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Thousand households. 2010 160.3 | 2011 154.9 | 2012 146.1 | 2013 145.3 | 2014 149.7 | 2015 153.1 | 2016 160.6 | 2017 169.7 | 2018 169.7 | 2019 171.6 | 2020 181.1 | 2021 188.6 | 2022 190.8 | 2023 189.3 | 2024 195.8 | 2025 195.5.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Population%2C%20household/3_Herdsmen/DT_NSO_1001_027V1.px
• Number of households with livestock (Maltai urkh) by bag, khoroo and by year, table DT_NSO_1001_022V4 (PXWeb API, English, table named 'number of herder households', indicator 'households with livestock')баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Thousand households owning livestock. 2010 216.6 | 2011 211.7 | 2012 207.8 | 2013 209.9 | 2014 213.4 | 2015 216.7 | 2016 223.8 | 2017 229.0 | 2018 230.9 | 2019 233.3 | 2020 242.0 | 2021 246.3 | 2022 248.3 | 2023 247.9 | 2024 249.5 | 2025 248.0.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Population%2C%20household/3_Herdsmen/DT_NSO_1001_022V4.px
• Employment by economic activities, sex, age group, aimags and the Capital, by year (Labour Force Survey), table DT_NSO_0400_035V7_1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Persons aged 15 and over, LFS-based since 2009, updated 29 May 2026. Total employed 2010 1,033,708 | 2011 1,037,682 | 2012 1,056,441 | 2013 1,103,601 | 2014 1,110,698 | 2015 1,151,223 | 2016 1,147,843 | 2017 1,238,333 | 2018 1,253,023 | 2019 1,227,949 | 2020 1,249,643 | 2021 1,207,991 | 2022 1,283,128 | 2023 1,294,746 | 2024 1,355,667 | 2025 1,358,982. Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2010 346,575 | 2011 342,770 | 2012 369,960 | 2013 329,058 | 2014 310,720 | 2015 327,560 | 2016 348,487 | 2017 356,423 | 2018 334,101 | 2019 370,085 | 2020 352,017 | 2021 346,233 | 2022 350,706 | 2023 361,872 | 2024 305,013 | 2025 315,149. Share computed 2010 33.5 | 2015 28.5 | 2020 28.2 | 2022 27.3 | 2023 27.9 | 2024 22.5 | 2025 23.2 percent.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Society%2C%20development/Gender/DT_NSO_0400_035V7_1.px
• Population of Mongolia by sex and urban/rural, by year, table DT_NSO_0300_027V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Persons, end of year. Total 2010 2,760,968 | 2015 3,057,778 | 2020 3,367,257 | 2021 3,419,654 | 2022 3,467,263 | 2023 3,514,456 | 2024 3,554,550 | 2025 3,591,120. Urban 2010 1,910,745 | 2015 2,096,180 | 2020 2,323,912 | 2024 2,529,629 | 2025 2,557,864. Rural 2010 850,223 | 2015 961,598 | 2020 1,043,345 | 2024 1,024,921 | 2025 1,033,256 (rural share 2025 28.8 percent, computed).
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Society%2C%20development/Gender/DT_NSO_0300_027V1.px
• Poverty main indicators by region and location, by year 1995-2020 (DT_NSO_1900_007V1) and 2022 (DT_NSO_1900_007V12) (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Poverty headcount percent (national / urban / rural / rural area outside soum centres). 2010 38.8 / 33.2 / 49.0 / 56.1 | 2011 33.7 / 28.7 / 43.2 / 47.2 | 2012 27.4 / 23.3 / 35.4 / 39.6 | 2014 21.6 / 18.8 / 26.4 / 27.9 | 2016 29.6 / 27.1 / 34.9 / 38.0 | 2018 28.4 / 27.2 / 30.8 / 32.9 | 2020 27.8 / 26.5 / 30.5 / 30.5 | 2022 27.1 / 23.0 / 35.6 / 41.2. 2022 by region Western 36.5, Khangai 33.5, Central 24.6, Eastern 35.3, Ulaanbaatar 21.6. Earlier years table URL https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Society%2C%20development/Poverty%2C%20inequality%20and%20minimum%20subsistence%20level/DT_NSO_1900_007V1.px. Poverty line rebased in 2022, so 2022 is not strictly comparable with earlier years.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Society%2C%20development/Poverty%2C%20inequality%20and%20minimum%20subsistence%20level/DT_NSO_1900_007V12.px
• Inflation rate, end of year and annual average, table DT_NSO_0600_013V2 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Percent. End of year 2010 13.0 | 2011 8.9 | 2012 14.0 | 2013 12.5 | 2014 11.0 | 2015 1.9 | 2016 1.3 | 2017 6.4 | 2018 8.1 | 2019 5.2 | 2020 2.3 | 2021 13.8 | 2022 13.2 | 2023 7.9 | 2024 9.0 | 2025 7.5. Annual average 2010 10.1 | 2011 9.2 | 2012 14.3 | 2013 10.5 | 2014 12.8 | 2015 6.6 | 2016 0.7 | 2017 4.3 | 2018 6.8 | 2019 7.3 | 2020 3.7 | 2021 7.3 | 2022 15.2 | 2023 10.4 | 2024 6.8 | 2025 8.6.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Regional%20development/Price/DT_NSO_0600_013V2.px
• National consumer price index by groups, percent change compared with the same period of previous year, monthly, table DT_NSO_0600_010V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Year-on-year percent, 2023=100 basket (current). Overall CPI 2026 Jan 7.5, Feb 6.5, Mar 7.4, Apr 10.1, May 11.2, Jun 12.0, Jul 13.0, Aug 12.4, Sep 12.9. Food and non-alcoholic beverages 2026 Jan 12.6, Feb 12.3, Mar 14.1, Apr 19.7, May 23.4, Jun 24.8, Jul 25.5, Aug 21.5, Sep 20.8. December food inflation 2024 8.9, 2025 11.3 (2023=100), 2021 21.0, 2022 15.4, 2023 12.2 (2020=100), 2010 18.6, 2015 -6.1, 2016 1.7, 2019 8.3 (2015=100). December overall 2025 7.5 (2023=100).
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Regional%20development/Price/DT_NSO_0600_010V1.px
• Weekly prices of main products and gasoline in the capital city, table DT_NSO_0600_001V4 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · MNT per kg, Ulaanbaatar. Mutton 2021-10-13 11,226 | 2022-10-17 10,176 | 2023-10-16 11,776 | 2024-10-14 14,287 | 2025-10-13 16,716 | 2026-01-05 17,343 | 2026-04-06 23,724 | 2026-10-12 25,519. Beef (with bones) 2022-10-17 13,615 | 2024-10-14 17,984 | 2025-10-13 20,764 | 2026-10-12 30,695. Horse meat 2022-10-17 9,752 | 2025-10-13 14,200 | 2026-10-12 18,300. Goat meat 2022-10-17 8,664 | 2025-10-13 12,305 | 2026-10-12 20,328. Flour highest grade 2025-10-13 3,435 | 2026-10-12 3,541. Fresh milk per litre 2025-10-13 3,536 | 2026-10-12 4,122.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Consumer%20Price%20Index/DT_NSO_0600_001V4.px
• Unified land territory of Mongolia by main type and by year, table DT_NSO_2400_001V1 (source General Agency for Land Administration and Management, Geodesy and Cartography) (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Thousand hectares. Total area 156,411.6. Agricultural land 2010 115,525.8 | 2015 114,982.8 | 2020 114,041.8 | 2022 113,567.1 | 2023 109,036.2 | 2024 108,818.6 | 2025 107,429.5. Forest fund land 2025 12,548.9. Water fund land 2025 547.8. Urban and settlement land 2025 1,143.8. Roads and networks 2025 806.1. Special needs land 2025 33,935.5 (2022 26,082.0). Same agricultural land total in DT_NSO_1002_002V1 (Agricultural areas).
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Environment/DT_NSO_2400_001V1.px
• Agricultural land by aimag and the Capital city, by year (pasture, hayfields, cropland), table DT_NSO_2400_029V2 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Thousand hectares, national. Agricultural land total 2010 115,525.9 | 2015 114,982.8 | 2020 114,041.8 | 2022 113,567.1 | 2023 134,076.0 | 2024 134,058.9 | 2025 134,108.8. Pasture 2010 111,255.6 | 2015 110,613.6 | 2020 109,645.6 | 2022 109,151.3 | 2023 129,369.5 | 2024 129,338.5 | 2025 129,323.4. Hayfields 2022 1,709.1 | 2025 1,945.1. Cropland 2022 1,139.9 (single arable category) and from 2023 split into irrigated 2025 25.2 and rainfed 2025 1,233.7, abandoned land 2025 217.2. Agricultural buildings 2025 101.0. Unsuitable for agriculture 2025 1,263.2. From 2023 the totals in this table differ from DT_NSO_2400_001V1 (107,429.5 in 2025), indicating a reclassification. 2011 hayfields value 53,370.2 appears to be an entry error.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Environment/UNIFIED%20LAND%20TERRITORY%20OF%20MONGOLIA%2C%20by%20region%2C%20aimag%20and%20the%20Capital%20city%2C%20by%20year/DT_NSO_2400_029V2.px
• Food supply level by source (domestic production and import), product type and year, table DT_NSO_1003_005V1, and level of food supply by product, table DT_NSO_1003_002V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Updated 30 Sep 2026, methodology A/165 of 19 Dec 2023. Share of supply from domestic production (percent), full series 2017-2025: livestock meat 99.6, 99.6, 99.6, 99.7, 99.4, 99.5, 99.3, 98.8, 99.2; milk 100, 99.9, 99.9, 99.9, 99.9, 99.9, 99.9, 99.8, 99.9; flour 99.2, 99.3, 97.4, 98.3, 98.7, 98.8, 91.2, 58.3, 80.9; potatoes 95.9, 94.4, 96.7, 97.6, 96.4, 96.2, 95.9, 95.9, 90.4; vegetables 48.9, 50.8, 53.2, 58.1, 57.8, 63.1, 63.3, 65.6, 60.6; eggs 44.4, 50.4, 52.6, 51.0, 51.4, 55.6, 59.2, 70.6, 66.7. Selected years 2017 / 2020 / 2023 / 2024 / 2025. Livestock meat 99.6 / 99.7 / 99.3 / 98.8 / 99.2. Milk 100 / 99.9 / 99.9 / 99.8 / 99.9. Flour 99.2 / 98.3 / 91.2 / 58.3 / 80.9. Potatoes 95.9 / 97.6 / 95.9 / 95.9 / 90.4. Vegetables 48.9 / 58.1 / 63.3 / 65.6 / 60.6. Eggs 44.4 / 51.0 / 59.2 / 70.6 / 66.7. Dairy products 52.5 / 65.2 / 51.2 / 58.2 / 58.9. Poultry 10.0 / 3.5 / 0.6 / 1.5 / 5.0. Vegetable oil 9.8 / 0.1 / 5.2 / 1.9 / 9.9. Sugars 59.3 / 63.4 / 67.0 / 64.2 / 67.9. Fruits 3.8 / 4.1 / 3.7 / 2.9 / 0.1. Level of food supply versus standard-population intake (percent, DT_NSO_1003_002V1, https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Society%2C%20development/Food%20Security/DT_NSO_1003_002V1.px) 2025 livestock meat 500.2, milk 158.5, flour 145.8, potatoes 96.1, vegetables 147.9, eggs 88.9, fruits 41.4, vegetable oil 113.5; 2024 potatoes 214.3, vegetables 160.5, flour 151.9.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Society%2C%20development/Food%20Security/DT_NSO_1003_005V1.px
• Foreign trade turnover, exports, imports and balance, by year (DT_NSO_1400_001V1_year) and by month cumulative (DT_NSO_1400_001V1_month) (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Million US$. Exports 2010 2,908.5 | 2015 4,669.3 | 2016 4,916.3 | 2017 6,200.6 | 2018 7,011.8 | 2019 7,619.6 | 2020 7,576.3 | 2021 9,241.1 | 2022 12,538.6 | 2023 15,186.9 | 2024 15,783.4 | 2025 15,761.1. Imports 2010 3,200.1 | 2015 3,797.5 | 2016 3,339.6 | 2017 4,337.3 | 2018 5,874.8 | 2019 6,127.5 | 2020 5,298.9 | 2021 6,845.5 | 2022 8,704.4 | 2023 9,250.2 | 2024 11,614.7 | 2025 11,393.8. Turnover 2025 27,155.0, balance 2025 4,367.3. Jan-Sep 2026 exports 16,198.6, imports 9,725.0, turnover 25,923.6, balance 6,473.6 (Jan-Sep 2025 exports 10,711.2, imports 8,545.6). Monthly table https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Foreign%20Trade/DT_NSO_1400_001V1_month.px.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Foreign%20Trade/DT_NSO_1400_001V1_year.px
• Export by main commodities, by year (DT_NSO_1400_006V2_year) and by month cumulative (DT_NSO_1400_006V2_month) (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Value thousand US$ / volume tonnes. Horse meat 2015 7,319 / 3,857 | 2018 64,974 / 32,201 | 2019 57,689 / 30,835 | 2020 33,047 / 17,568 | 2021 14,443 / 6,950 | 2022 21,057 / 6,921 | 2023 125,497 / 32,932 | 2024 84,237 / 23,850 | 2025 124,258 / 34,654 | Jan-Sep 2026 65,245 / 20,231. Frozen beef 2025 48 / 20. Greasy (raw) cashmere 2015 197,181 / 4,988 | 2019 283,290 / 5,689 | 2022 308,414 / 6,427 | 2023 263,952 / 5,449 | 2024 256,721 / 4,776 | 2025 0 / 0 | Jan-Sep 2026 933 / 9.4. Combed goat down 2015 40,711 / 559 | 2019 45,319 / 507 | 2022 93,051 / 857 | 2023 95,851 / 1,001 | 2024 69,820 / 707 | 2025 332,466 / 4,023 | Jan-Sep 2026 312,581 / 3,158 (Jan-Sep 2025 188,368 / 2,305). Sheep wool 2015 13,945 / 11,450 | 2019 20,352 / 14,758 | 2022 14,823 / 17,723 | 2023 13,965 / 13,324 | 2024 8,945 / 8,231 | 2025 6,708 / 6,595 | Jan-Sep 2026 4,156 / 4,116. Knitted jerseys, pullovers, cardigans (thousand US$ / thousand pieces) 2015 5,226 / 116 | 2019 18,251 / 324 | 2022 18,644 / 344 | 2023 17,009 / 298 | 2024 12,021 / 198 | 2025 12,798 / 197 | Jan-Sep 2026 10,488 / 155. Small ruminant guts 2025 14,357 / 593. Goat or kid skin leather 2025 518 (thousand US$). Horse hides 2025 215 (thousand US$). Camel wool, mutton and goat meat and live animals are not listed as separate commodities in this table.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Foreign%20Trade/DT_NSO_1400_006V2_year.px
• Import by main commodities, by year (DT_NSO_1400_010V2_year) and by month cumulative (DT_NSO_1400_010V2_month) (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Value thousand US$ / volume. Wheat (thousand tonnes) 2015 4,458 / 21.1 | 2016 33,324 / 158.5 | 2018 44,333 / 232.0 | 2020 27,841 / 129.8 | 2021 60,795 / 227.0 | 2022 117 / 0.3 | 2023 14,281 / 47.7 | 2024 25,508 / 87.9 | 2025 11,393 / 44.2 | Jan-Sep 2026 34,278 / 138.0. Flour (thousand tonnes) 2015 6,013 / 20.5 | 2022 201 / 0.4 | 2023 2,899 / 11.1 | 2024 18,581 / 63.7 | 2025 8,516 / 27.2 | Jan-Sep 2026 7,252 / 21.8. Vegetable oil (tonnes) 2015 9,778 / 9,321 | 2020 16,162 / 16,377 | 2024 15,871 / 14,887 | 2025 17,754 / 11,974 | Jan-Sep 2026 12,919 / 8,106. Granulated sugar (tonnes) 2015 18,413 / 39,274 | 2020 24,409 / 55,590 | 2024 52,843 / 71,608 | 2025 35,369 / 54,473 | Jan-Sep 2026 29,942 / 51,825. Potatoes (tonnes) 2025 565 / 3,268 | Jan-Sep 2026 1,445 / 8,624. Onion and garlic (tonnes) 2025 6,984 / 27,112. Rice (tonnes) 2024 value 29.8 million US$ | 2025 40,138 / 67,897 | Jan-Sep 2026 value 18.4 million US$ (29,322 t). Wheat volume 2017 13.6 and 2019 14.4 thousand tonnes. Eggs (thousand pieces) 2025 9,477 / 121,639. Nitrogen fertilizer (tonnes) 2024 value 68.2 million US$ | 2025 90,844 / 273,120 | Jan-Sep 2026 96,189 / 218,021.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Foreign%20Trade/DT_NSO_1400_010V2_year.px
• Exports by commodity groups and year (DT_NSO_1400_005V1_year) and imports by commodity groups and year (DT_NSO_1400_009V1_year), with monthly cumulative tables (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Thousand US$, HS sections. Exports of live animals and animal products 2015 26,382 | 2019 97,610 | 2020 52,915 | 2022 65,257 | 2023 200,066 | 2024 197,492 | 2025 250,104 | Jan-Sep 2026 91,551. Exports of vegetable products 2025 66,113. Exports of food products 2025 113,399. Exports of raw and processed hides, skins, fur 2015 33,806 | 2025 2,021. Exports of textiles and textile articles (mainly cashmere) 2015 302,655 | 2019 434,672 | 2022 486,156 | 2023 451,153 | 2024 404,074 | 2025 395,113 | Jan-Sep 2026 365,163. Imports (https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Foreign%20Trade/DT_NSO_1400_009V1_year.px) of food products 2015 329,399 | 2020 434,368 | 2022 781,125 | 2023 698,357 | 2024 864,444 | 2025 889,004 | Jan-Sep 2026 683,020. Imports of live animals and animal products 2025 156,829. Vegetable products 2025 193,312. Animal and vegetable fats and oils 2025 52,384. Sum of HS sections I-IV imports 2025 1,291,529 (computed).
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Foreign%20Trade/DT_NSO_1400_005V1_year.px
• Losses of adult animals, by type of livestock, aimags and the Capital, and by year, table DT_NSO_1001_136V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Unit thousand heads, all five species, national total, abnormal losses of adult animals (natural disasters, disease, predators and other causes, excluding young stock), source livestock census, last updated 7 May 2026. 1991 978.3, 1992 871.1, 1993 1652.1, 1994 690.0, 1995 673.9, 1996 585.8, 1997 617.7, 1998 785.6, 1999 800.2, 2000 3491.1, 2001 4758.8, 2002 2917.7, 2003 1324.3, 2004 291.6, 2005 677.2, 2006 476.4, 2007 294.1, 2008 1640.4, 2009 1733.0, 2010 10319.7, 2011 651.3, 2012 428.9, 2013 792.6, 2014 401.4, 2015 625.6, 2016 1452.1, 2017 888.0, 2018 2635.4, 2019 1117.6, 2020 2064.1, 2021 3012.3, 2022 667.5, 2023 4921.5, 2024 9364.1, 2025 358.9.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Regional%20development/Livestock/DT_NSO_1001_136V1.px
• Land degradation, by type and by year, table DT_NSO_2400_009V1, source Agency for Land Administration and Management, Geodesy and Cartography (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Unit thousand hectares, last updated 25 June 2025. Total land degradation 2003 13132.4, 2005 11482.6, 2007 14076.6, 2009 11167.6, 2010 7364.5, 2011 9233.1, 2012 8370.0, 2013 9014.7, 2014 9390.5, 2015 9575.4, 2016 6992.0, 2017 3458.7, 2018 7355.6, 2019 7815.7, 2020 5559.2, 2021 6307.4, 2022 4844.8, 2023 8344.3, 2024 3453.2, 2025 3540.5. Of which pasture and other wood land 2010 6775.3, 2011 8870.1, 2012 7876.5, 2013 8804.2, 2014 9006.5, 2015 9099.9, 2016 6415.2, 2017 3140.9, 2018 7000.0, 2019 7030.2, 2020 5255.6, 2021 5907.1, 2022 4681.5, 2023 8115.7, 2024 2838.5, 2025 3190.6. Cultivated area 2010 184.5, 2015 120.3, 2020 86.6, 2021 112.5, 2022 81.5, 2023 82.8, 2024 73.6, 2025 37.6.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Environment/DT_NSO_2400_009V1.px
• Physical use table for water (SEEA water flow account), table DT_NSO_2023_001V1 (PXWeb API, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Unit million cubic metres, last updated 26 December 2024. Water extraction by agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (all of it irrigation water) 2019 351.6, 2020 352.9, 2021 339.1, 2022 338.6, 2023 337.5. Total water extraction by economic units 2019 2610.6, 2020 2798.9, 2021 2896.6, 2022 2233.3, 2023 2093.7, of which hydroelectric power station water 2019 2043.1, 2020 2218.9, 2021 2313.1, 2022 1627.1, 2023 1462.5, mine water 2023 171.1, cooling water 2023 21.2. Total extraction including households 2023 2140.1. Agriculture share of extraction excluding hydropower 2023 is about 53 percent (337.5 of 631.2), our calculation.
  https://data.1212.mn/api/v1/en/NSO/Economy%2C%20environment/Environmental-Economic%20Account/DT_NSO_2023_001V1.px
• Official website home page (web page, Mongolian)нүүр хуудас баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Үндэсний статистикийн хороо. Page loads. The NSO compiles the livestock mortality data used to trigger index-based livestock insurance (see inst-ibli-costing, which uses NSO 2014-2024 IBLI participation data).
  https://www.1212.mn/mn

SME Agency of Mongolia

• Official website home page (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Жижиг, дунд үйлдвэрийн газар, a MOFALI subordinate agency. The site administers the SME Development Fund (ЖДҮХС, Жижиг, дунд үйлдвэрийг хөгжүүлэх сан) and the Cooperative Development Fund (Хоршоог хөгжүүлэх сан), with loan repayment notices for both and an online project submission system. A 2026 notice states that the SME Development Fund began accepting projects for MNT 500 million of concessional loans in Baganuur district in 2026.
  https://sme.gov.mn/index

State Bank JSC

• Bank introduction page (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Official name Төрийн банк ХК. More than 500 branch units, about 200 ATMs and over 13,000 card-accepting merchants nationwide. Total assets MNT 6.7 trillion at the end of the previous financial year (as stated on the page, year not specified). Banking licence No. 26 issued by the Bank of Mongolia on 23 Nov 2009. Pays over 80 per cent of pensions and more than 100 types of social welfare benefits in Mongolia. The site offers a herder current account product (Малчин харилцах, https://www.statebank.mn/personal/product/10000). No agricultural loan figure published on this page.
  https://www.statebank.mn/personal/news/33805

State Great Khural of Mongolia

• Concept paper of the draft law on exemption from value-added tax for agricultural machinery and inputs (Word, mn)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · States that the 2008 law exempting imported new tractors, combines, farm machinery, flour mill and irrigation equipment, fertiliser and plant protection chemicals from customs and VAT ran until 31 December 2020 and provided 281 billion MNT of tax exemptions to crop producers, and that grain machinery renewal reached 65 percent. In 2020 crops were sown on 536.6 thousand ha (wheat 364.0 thousand ha).
  https://lawforum.parliament.mn/files/321/?d=1

State Great Khural of Mongolia (law forum)

• Cost assessment report for the draft law amending the Law on Index-Based Livestock Insurance (Word document, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Title Малын индексжүүлсэн даатгалын тухай хуульд нэмэлт, өөрчлөлт оруулах тухай хуулийн төслийг хэрэгжүүлэхтэй холбогдон гарах зардлын тооцооны судалгааны тайлан. States that National Reinsurance JSC (Үндэсний давхар даатгал ХК) is obliged under the IBLI law to pay herders compensation when soum mortality exceeds the threshold, and that lowering the first threshold to 5 per cent increases benefits. Table 1.1 (NSO data) average IBLI premium per insured herder household, MNT: 2014 98,409, 2015 126,153, 2016 94,377, 2017 96,239, 2018 102,407, 2019 118,925, 2020 121,938, 2021 112,173, 2022 142,460, 2023 139,078, 2024 174,023. Average insured livestock per household, head: 2014 233, 2015 258, 2016 223, 2017 235, 2018 232, 2019 231, 2020 249, 2021 214, 2022 208, 2023 196, 2024 205. Table 2.3 projected total compensation (MNT) 2025f 19,342,735,228 of which international reinsurers 8,311,409,407 and National Reinsurance JSC 11,031,325,821; 2026f 20,617,134,051 / 8,859,007,781 / 11,758,126,270; 2027f 21,891,532,873 / 9,406,606,156 / 12,484,926,718. Compensation is paid in October of each year.
  https://lawforum.parliament.mn/files/5487/?d=1

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (IATI data via d-portal)

• IATI activity records, Sustainably managed pastures and healthy animals, Mongolia's Green Gold (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · SDC phase activities dated 1 Jan 2017 to 30 Sep 2021, with disbursements reported under several sub-records (CH-4-2016003164 US$1,355,742, CH-4-2021-2016003445 US$1,878,633, CH-4-2016003442 US$1,451,997, CH-4-2016003444 US$715,988, commitment record CH-4-2016003445 US$1,012,786). These are partial records of the latest phase, not a programme total. SDC supports sustainable pasture use, animal health and marketing of livestock products. The FAO Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock case page (https://www.fao.org/partnerships/livestock-dialogue/areas-of-work/projects-and-cases/green-gold-rangeland-ecosystem-management-project-in-mongolia/en) dates the Green Gold project 30 Nov 2004 to 30 Dec 2020, jointly funded by SDC, the Government of Mongolia and the National Federation of Pasture User Groups, and describes the pasture user group and rangeland use agreement approach. eda.admin.ch returned HTTP 403.
  https://d-portal.org/q.json?from=act&aid=CH-4-2016003164&select=aid,title,description,day_start,day_end,commitment,spend,status_code,reporting

Trade and Development Bank of Mongolia

• TDB green and social bonds announcement, 20 November 2024 (web page, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Five-year green and social bonds for international professional investors, amount not disclosed. Use of proceeds incl. renewable energy, air pollution reduction, sustainable agriculture, green buildings, health, food security and education. Bank self-report.
  https://www.tdbm.mn/mn/node/1133

Unified Legal Information System of Mongolia

• Law on Allocation of Land to Mongolian Citizens for Ownership (Монгол Улсын иргэнд газар өмчлүүлэх тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 27 June 2002, in force 1 May 2003. 12 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 12 January 2024. Art. 5.1.4 and 19.1.2 one-time free allocation of land for family needs, plot sizes in Art. 7.1 of up to 0.07, 0.35 and 0.5 ha by location. Art. 41.2 free-allocation provisions apply from 1 May 2003 to 1 May 2028. Art. 27.1.4 owners may pledge their land to citizens, banks and non-bank financial institutions. Art. 28.1.1 transfer or pledge to foreign persons prohibited.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=346
• Law on Land Fees (Газрын төлбөрийн тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 24 April 1997, in force 1 July 1997. 13 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 5 June 2024. Pasture fee charged per sheep-unit head using coefficients horse 6.0, cattle 6.0, camel 5.0, goat 0.9. Fee limits 0.01-0.03 percent of base land value per sheep unit (pasture) and per ha (cropland, hayland). Art. 8 exemptions include herder households for pasture and hayland, and land sown to perennial or leguminous plants for up to the first 5 years.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=217
• Law on Livestock Genetic Resources (Малын генетик нөөцийн тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 14 December 2017, in force 1 June 2018 (State Gazette 2018 No. 03). 12 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 3 July 2026. Art. 1.1 regulates registration, assessment, conservation, sustainable use and breeding of livestock genetic resources. Art. 5 livestock genetic resource registration, data used also for the livestock head tax (Law on Livestock Head Tax Art. 5.4).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=13051
• Law on Livestock and Animal Health (Мал, амьтны эрүүл мэндийн тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 8 December 2017, in force 1 June 2018 (State Gazette 2018 No. 02). 9 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 5 June 2024 (several articles repealed that day). Art. 1.1 protection of animal health, hygiene of animal-origin raw materials and products, public health and trade facilitation. Contracted private veterinary service units at soum level, veterinary certificates required for moving animals between soums (Art. 7.4-7.5).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=13026
• Law on Crop Farming (Тариалангийн тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 29 January 2016, in force on adoption (State Gazette 2016 No. 08). 6 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 2 July 2026. Art. 1.1 crop farming, cropping zones, soil protection, integration of cropping and intensive livestock. Art. 19.6 cash incentives and non-cash support to crop producers by joint ministerial procedure, Art. 19.8 criteria include technology upgrade, soil fertility and yield quality. Art. 19.10 crop insurance governed by separate law.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=11641
• Law on Seeds and Varieties of Cultivated Plants (Таримал ургамлын үр, сортын тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 29 October 2021, in force 1 January 2022 (State Gazette 2022 No. 03). 3 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 3 July 2026. Covers seed sector development, seed trade, genetic resources, new varieties and plant breeder rights (Art. 4.1.16), national variety register (Art. 4.1.17).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=16389901659821
• Law on Plant Health and Plant Protection (Ургамлын эрүүл мэнд, ургамал хамгааллын тухай, revised version), text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 5 June 2024 (State Gazette 2024 No. 23), replacing the earlier Law on Plant Protection (repeal act lawId 17140726648811 of the same date). Amendment annotations dated 3 July 2026. Art. 1.1 protect plant health for food safety, trade facilitation and ecological balance, defines quarantine pests and regulated non-quarantine pests (Art. 4.1.4-4.1.6). Import and export of plants governed by the border quarantine law (Art. 3.2).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17140722603801
• Law on Quarantine Inspection of Animals, Plants and their Products at the State Border (Амьтан, ургамал, тэдгээрийн гаралтай түүхий эд, бүтээгдэхүүнийг улсын хилээр нэвтрүүлэх үеийн хорио цээрийн хяналт, шалгалтын тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 28 November 2002. Major amendment of 8 December 2023 (46 annotations), latest amendment annotations 5 June 2024. Implementing act of 8 December 2023 (lawId 17048204096121) requires renegotiation of veterinary and phytosanitary certificate templates with importing countries within three months.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=38
• Law on Food (Хүнсний тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 20 December 2012, in force 1 March 2013 (State Gazette 2013 No. 02). 10 amending acts listed, large amendment of 25-26 June 2026 (about 88 annotations), latest annotation 26 June 2026. Art. 1.1 stable, accessible supply of safe and nutritious food, Art. 4.2.1 state policy on food supply and stability of domestic production.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=8912
• Law on Ensuring Food Product Safety (Хүнсний бүтээгдэхүүний аюулгүй байдлыг хангах тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 20 December 2012, in force 1 March 2013. 10 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 26 June 2026. Art. 1.1 safety of food raw materials and products at all stages of the food chain, Art. 5.1.4 risk-based inspection, good manufacturing practice defined in Art. 4.1.21.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=8911
• Law on Organic Products (Органик бүтээгдэхүүний тухай, revised version), text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 17 January 2024, in force 1 January 2025 (State Gazette 2024 No. 36). Regulates production, processing, certification (including participatory guarantee, Art. 4.1.6), registration, labelling and trade of organic products, and state support and incentives for organic producers. Companion act lawId 17140464523781 repeals the Law on Organic Food of 7 April 2016 from the date the new law takes effect.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17140463060631
• Law on Cooperatives (Хоршооны тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 6 May 2021, in force on adoption (State Gazette 2021 No. 21). 5 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 5 June 2024. Applies to all cooperatives except savings and credit cooperatives (Art. 3.1). Art. 12.1.1 cooperatives may access state programmes, concessional loans and financial support, Art. 42.1.9 Cooperative Development Fund concessional lending procedure.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=16230442329501
• Law on Livestock Head Tax (Малын тоо толгойн албан татварын тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 13 November 2020, in force 1 January 2021 (State Gazette 2020 No. 47). 3 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 5 June 2024. Art. 6.1 tax of 0-2,000 MNT per head per year, rates set by soum and district citizens' councils by species considering pasture carrying capacity (Art. 6.2), may be set at zero for herders below a head count (Art. 6.3-6.4). Base is the previous year-end livestock census (Art. 5.2), disaster losses deducted (Art. 5.3). Paid in two equal instalments by 15 July and 15 December into the soum budget (Art. 7.1).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=15729
• Law on Reducing the Adverse Impacts of Climate Change on Traditional Animal Husbandry (Уламжлалт мал аж ахуйд тулгамдаж байгаа уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтөөс шалтгаалсан сөрөг нөлөөллийг бууруулах тухай), text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 19 April 2024. Art. 1.1 protect traditional livestock husbandry from climate change impacts and reduce herder risk by special procedure. Art. 3.1 applies to support for herder cooperatives, Art. 6.1.2-6.1.4 government plans for climate-resilient livestock, support for herder cooperatives and their investment financing. Legal basis cited by Government Resolution No. 166 of 2024 (New Cooperative Movement).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17140159421231
• Law on Combating and Preventing Livestock Theft (Мал хулгайлах гэмт хэрэгтэй тэмцэх, урьдчилан сэргийлэх тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 14 May 2004, in force 1 July 2004. 6 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 11 November 2022.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=313
• Law on Water (Усны тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 17 May 2012, in force 21 June 2012 (State Gazette 2012 No. 22). 12 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 3 July 2026.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=8683
• Law on Environmental Protection (Байгаль орчныг хамгаалах тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 30 March 1995, in force 5 June 1995. 39 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 2-3 July 2026.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=8935
• Law on Climate Change (Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн тухай), text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 2 July 2026 (State Gazette 24 July 2026 No. 27). Art. 1.1 mitigation, adaptation and resilience aimed at net-zero GHG emissions, green and climate finance mechanisms, carbon market and a unified GHG inventory and MRV system. Defines green finance (Art. 4.1.8), green taxonomy (Art. 4.1.9) and carbon credits (Art. 4.1.6), pasture listed as a GHG sink (Art. 4.1.28). Art. 20.7 projects receiving green finance must meet green finance criteria, the green taxonomy and MRV requirements.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17438056827492
• Law on the Exchange for Agricultural Goods and Raw Materials (Хөдөө аж ахуйн гаралтай бараа, түүхий эдийн биржийн тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 2 June 2011, in force 1 June 2012 (State Gazette 2011 No. 25). 6 amending acts listed, about 25 amendment annotations dated 3 July 2026. Regulates establishment and operation of the exchange, supply, storage, transport and trading of agricultural goods. Trading participants are producer cooperatives and brokers (Art. 3.1.3), local participants may trade electronically (Art. 4.4). Listed goods must be traded on the exchange before export (Art. 4.6, 5.1.4).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=567
• Law on Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises and Services (Жижиг, дунд үйлдвэр, үйлчилгээг дэмжих тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 6 June 2019 (State Gazette 2019 No. 29). 6 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 30 May 2025. Art. 4.1.1 SME up to 200 employees and annual sales up to MNT 2.5 billion. Art. 5.1 micro up to 10 employees and MNT 300 million, small 10-50 employees and MNT 300 million-1.0 billion, medium 50-200 employees and MNT 1.0-2.5 billion.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=14525
• Law on Index-based Livestock Insurance (Малын индексжүүлсэн даатгалын тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 13 June 2014 (State Gazette 2014 No. 26). 3 amending acts listed, amendment annotations dated 4 December 2015, 12 November 2021 and 12 December 2025 (7 annotations). Herders and livestock owners may insure voluntarily (Art. 3.3, 5.1.1). Payout when soum-level adult livestock mortality exceeds a threshold set by Government per soum (Art. 4.1.1, 7.1). Art. 7.2 first threshold 5 percent, second threshold 30 percent, reviewed every three years (Art. 7.3-7.4). Art. 9.1 insured pays premium for the middle risk layer, the reinsurance company covers the layer above the second threshold, Art. 17.3 Government budgets that premium and reinsures internationally. Art. 18 state-participating reinsurance company.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=10485
• Law on Insurance (Даатгалын тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 30 April 2004, in force 1 June 2005 (State Gazette 2004 No. 20). 18 amending acts listed, about 43 amendment annotations dated 3 July 2026. Regulates licensing, supervision and conduct of insurance business and protection of insured parties. Art. 3.5 index-based livestock insurance governed by its own law.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=232
• Law on Banking (Банкны тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 28 January 2010, in force on adoption (State Gazette 2010 No. 07). 30 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 3 July 2026. Licensing, governance and supervision of banks and banking groups by the Bank of Mongolia. Art. 4.2 systemically important banks must be open joint-stock companies.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=108
• Law on the Central Bank (Bank of Mongolia) (Төв банк /Монголбанк/-ны тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 3 September 1996, in force 1 October 1996. 22 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 19 April 2024. Art. 4 main objective is stability of the togrog, and within it stability of financial markets and the banking system.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=483
• Law on Non-Bank Financial Activities (Банк бус санхүүгийн үйл ажиллагааны тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 12 December 2002, in force 1 February 2003. 14 amending acts listed, about 28 amendment annotations dated 3 July 2026. NBFIs licensed and supervised by the Financial Regulatory Commission (Art. 3.1). Art. 7.1 activities include lending, factoring, payment guarantees, payment instruments, e-payments and remittance, FX trading, trust services, short-term investment, advisory and real-estate pledge intermediation.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=103
• Law on Savings and Credit Cooperatives (Хадгаламж, зээлийн хоршооны тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 27 October 2011, in force 5 November 2011 (State Gazette 2011 No. 46). 5 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 3 July 2026. SCCs require a special licence from the Financial Regulatory Commission (Art. 10.1), which may cap deposits per member (Art. 16.6) and sets prudential limits on loans to one member and related parties (Art. 17.4).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=8772
• Law on the Development Bank of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Хөгжлийн банкны тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 10 February 2017, in force 1 April 2017 (State Gazette 2017 No. 09). 3 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 9 December 2022. Art. 5.1 finances projects and programmes in priority sectors for sustained growth, Art. 7.1 corporate governance principles including profitability and independence.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=12482
• Law on the Credit Guarantee Fund (Зээлийн батлан даалтын сангийн тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 10 February 2012, in force on adoption (State Gazette 2012 No. 09). 4 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotation 19 April 2024. Art. 4.1 non-profit fund guaranteeing loans of citizens, legal entities and SMEs lacking collateral. Art. 9.1.1 guarantee up to 60 percent of the loan for SMEs whose collateral is insufficient.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=286
• Law on Pledge of Movable and Intangible Property (Хөдлөх эд хөрөнгө болон эдийн бус хөрөнгийн барьцааны тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 2 July 2015, in force 1 March 2017 (State Gazette 2015 No. 28). 3 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 12 January 2024. Art. 1.1 protect parties and widen access to finance. Art. 16 a lender who financed feed or veterinary treatment of livestock has priority over the animals and proceeds if its pledge is perfected. Art. 34-35 pledge notices filed in an electronic registry.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=11220
• Law on Financial Leasing (Санхүүгийн түрээс /лизинг/-ийн тухай), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 22 June 2006, in force on adoption (State Gazette 2006 No. 26). 2 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations 12 January 2024. Defines financial lease, sub-lease and secondary lease (Art. 3).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=447
• Parliament Resolution No. 29 of 18 June 2003 approving the State Policy on Food and Agriculture (Төрөөс хүнс, хөдөө аж ахуйн талаар баримтлах бодлого) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament (State Great Khural) Resolution No. 29, 18 June 2003. Approves the State Policy on Food and Agriculture as an annex and repeals the 1996 rural policy guideline resolution. Listed among valid acts. A later (2018-2019) parliament-level food and agriculture policy was not found by title search.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=6589
• Parliament Resolution No. 39 of 4 June 2009 approving the State Policy on Herders (Төрөөс малчдын талаар баримтлах бодлого) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 39, 4 June 2009. Approves the policy, first implementation stage 2009-2015, measures to be reflected in annual development guidelines and state budget. Listed among valid acts.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=6505
• Parliament Resolution No. 23 of 20 May 2010 approving the 'Mongolian Livestock' National Programme (Монгол мал үндэсний хөтөлбөр) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 23, 20 May 2010. First stage 2010-2015, soum-level state veterinary and breeding units. Clause on funding of not less than 3 percent of the consolidated budget was repealed by a law of 23 December 2011 per the annotation.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=7039
• Parliament Resolution No. 16 of 16 January 2014 on the Programme for Intensifying Crop Production (Газар тариалангийн үйлдвэрлэлийг эрчимжүүлэх хөтөлбөрийн тухай) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 16, 16 January 2014. Directs technical renewal, improved land tenure, fertiliser and plant-protection supply and crop rotation to intensify crop farming.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=9693
• Government Resolution No. 34 of 29 January 2020 approving the 'Mongolian Herder' National Programme (Монгол малчин үндэсний хөтөлбөр) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Government Resolution No. 34, 29 January 2020. Programme financed within approved budgets, implementation by the Minister of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry. Repeals Government resolutions No. 90 and No. 114 of 2016 on herder and livestock support.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=15133
• Parliament Resolution No. 52 of 13 May 2020 approving 'Vision-2050' Long-term Development Policy (Алсын хараа-2050) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 52, 13 May 2020, effective 25 May 2020. Annex 1 policy, Annex 2 actions for 2021-2030, Annex 3 indicators (annex texts not in the HTML page). Replaces the Sustainable Development Vision 2030 of 2016, review every 5 years.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=15406
• Parliament Resolution No. 23 of 28 August 2020 approving the Five-Year Development Guidelines 2021-2025 (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 23, 28 August 2020. Guidelines and indicators in annexes (not in the HTML page).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=15584
• Parliament Resolution No. 106 of 30 December 2021 approving the New Recovery Policy (Шинэ сэргэлтийн бодлого) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 106, 30 December 2021, effective 1 January 2022. Aims to offset COVID-19 impacts and implement Vision-2050, financing from state and local budgets, PPPs and investors, with tasks to Government and the Bank of Mongolia. Urban and rural recovery chapter (sections 4.2, 4.4) cited by the 2024 New Cooperative Movement resolution.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=16390082532431
• Parliament Resolution No. 19 of 5 May 2022 on some measures to support wool and cashmere production (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 19, 5 May 2022. Requires from 2023 technical regulation for cashmere processed beyond dehairing, VAT and customs exemption for processing equipment, annual low-interest long-term concessional loans for dehaired fibre, yarn and final products, and cash incentives to herders for yak down and fine wool by quality.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=16530434142361
• Parliament Resolution No. 36 of 17 June 2022 on measures to ensure food supply and security (national movement 'Food Supply and Security') (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 36, 17 June 2022. Launches the 'Food Supply and Security' national movement linked to the Atar-4 campaign. MNT 1.7 trillion of financing for 2022-2026 from interest subsidies, guarantees, foreign loans and grants. Targets include converting up to 200,000 ha of fallow land to cropland, domestic feed supply of 1.9 million tonnes, greenhouse area up to 270 ha, grain elevator capacity +20,000 tonnes, an annual strategic purchase of at least 100,000 tonnes of food wheat, and review of agricultural subsidies and incentives.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=16530824651591
• Government Resolution No. 166 of 24 April 2024 launching the 'New Cooperative Movement' (Шинэ хоршоо хөдөлгөөн) (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Government Resolution No. 166, 24 April 2024, amended by resolutions No. 39 and No. 183 of 2024. Approves a MNT 5 trillion 'New Cooperative - Prosperous Herder' action plan. Government pays interest above 6 percentage points, linked to the policy rate, on loans of up to 5 years issued to cooperative member herders until 2029, budgeted 2025-2033. Credit Guarantee Fund to guarantee such loans from its COVID-era capital increase.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17140175880621
• Law on the Structure of the Government (Засгийн газрын бүтцийн тухай) of 10 July 2024 (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted and effective 10 July 2024 (State Gazette 2024 No. 28). Lists 16 ministries, including No. 13 Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry (Хүнс, хөдөө аж ахуй, хөнгөн үйлдвэрийн яам), No. 7 Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, No. 1 Ministry of Economy and Development, No. 3 Ministry of Finance. Earlier structure law repealed by act lawId 17140994923441 of the same date.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17140984954421
• Parliament Resolution No. 21 of 27 August 2024 approving the Government Action Programme 2024-2028, with Annex 1 (DOCX, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Resolution No. 21, effective 27 August 2024. Annex downloaded from https://legalinfo.mn/storage/uploads/process/202409/file_1726126680639198_15996199185590.docx. Section 3.3.4 Agriculture - New Cooperative Movement and Prosperous Herder programme. Items include improved agricultural insurance against weather risk (3.3.4.9), Atar IV adding 200,000 ha to cropland in rotation (3.3.4.13), White Gold movement for livestock raw materials (3.3.4.14), export via the exchange (3.3.4.18), winter greenhouse agro-park of 50 ha (3.3.4.20), high-yield cattle herd of 200,000 (3.3.4.29), agricultural machinery leasing system (3.3.4.30), seed incentives (3.3.4.33), 100,000 t strategic wheat reserve each year (3.3.4.34), long-term tenure of winter and spring camps for herders (3.3.4.7). Annex amended by resolutions of 23 and 24 January 2025 (lawIds 17355881316521, 17355881648331).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17141368141311
• Government Resolution No. 47 of 29 January 2025 launching the 'Atar-4 Sustainable Crop Development Campaign' (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Government Resolution No. 47, 29 January 2025. Campaign runs 4 years from 1 February 2025. Concessional loans to crop, livestock and food-processing producers funded from commercial bank sources, with Government interest support not exceeding the Bank of Mongolia policy rate, within the annual budget. Repeals Government Resolution No. 476 of 25 December 2019 that first announced Atar-4.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17355924197531
• Parliament Resolution No. 57 of 19 June 2025 on establishing a green financing system and improving the legal environment (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 57, 19 June 2025. Focus on housing and air pollution. Tasks Government with long-term interest-subsidised green loans, at least 80 percent of green loan interest subsidy to insulation and clean heating, green loan rates of no more than 6 percent, at least 50 percent of the SME Development Fund loan portfolio to green building and energy-efficiency firms, an MRV system. Tasks the Bank of Mongolia to update green loan classification and criteria to international practice, improve banks' green loan reporting, support FX swaps for green loan subsidies, and continue lower risk weights for green building loans.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17432181751262
• Parliament Resolution No. 109 of 28 November 2025 approving the Five-Year Development Guidelines 2026-2030 (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Parliament Resolution No. 109, 28 November 2025, effective 1 January 2026 (State Gazette 13 January 2026 No. 02). Annexes cover guidelines, results, indicators and the 2026-2030 Investment Programme (annex texts not in the HTML page).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17434901814482
• Government Resolution No. 269 of 5 July 2023 dissolving the Office of the Agricultural Support Fund (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Government Resolution No. 269, 5 July 2023, based on Parliament Resolution No. 25 of 21 April 2023. Dissolves the office of the Agricultural Support Fund (Хөдөө аж ахуйг дэмжих сан) and transfers its assets, liabilities and receivables. Repeals the 2020 resolution establishing the office.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=16759966459551
• Law ratifying the Paris Agreement under the UNFCCC (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Law of 1 September 2016 ratifying the Paris Agreement on submission of the Government.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=12109
• Government Resolution No. 407 of 19 November 2019 approving the NDC target under the Paris Agreement (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Government Resolution No. 407, 19 November 2019, approves the nationally determined contribution target (target figures are in an annex not shown in the HTML). Repealed by Government Resolution No. 91 of 10 September 2025.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=14843
• Government Resolution No. 91 of 10 September 2025 renewing the NDC target under the Paris Agreement (HTML and DOCX, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Government Resolution No. 91, 10 September 2025, renews the NDC target and repeals Resolution No. 407 of 2019. The attached DOCX (https://legalinfo.mn/storage/uploads/process/202510/file_1759989699348087_15996199185590.docx) contains only the resolution text, the target annex figures were not available on the page.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=17433351231072
• Law of 26 December 1996 ratifying the Protocol of Accession of Mongolia to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Law of 26 December 1996 ratifies the accession protocol signed in Geneva on 18 July 1996. Related Parliament Resolution No. 71 of 5 December 1996 (lawId 5936) on measures following WTO membership, including aligning legislation with WTO agreements.
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=10085

Unified Legal Information System of Mongolia (Legal Institute, Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs)

• Law on Land (Газрын тухай, revised version), consolidated text (HTML, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Adopted 7 June 2002, in force 1 January 2003 (State Gazette 2002 No. 27). Listed among valid acts, 44 amending acts listed, latest amendment annotations in the text dated 3 July 2026. Art. 30.1 land may be possessed by Mongolian citizens and legal entities for 15 to 60 years, one extension of up to 40 years. Art. 38.1 and 38.5 possession rights may be transferred or pledged only between Mongolian parties, the pledge recorded with the land office. Art. 5.2 pasture, common-use and special-needs land may not be owned. Art. 20.1.7 and 21.4.4 pasture use contracts with herder household groups (primary associations).
  https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=216

United Nations Statistics Division

• UN Comtrade – Mongolia, agri-food trade (HS chapters 01–24) by partner, 2023 (public preview API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · One query per HS chapter and flow. The link shows meat exports (chapter 02). Change cmdCode (01–24) and flowCode (X/M) for the other series. 2023 is the latest year reported by Mongolia (queries for 2024 and 2025 returned no records on 16 October 2026). Totals 2023 (own sums of chapters): exports US$521.4 m, imports US$1,038.2 m. Largest export partners (US$ m): China 435.9 (83.6%), Iran 34.7, Germany 6.7, Hong Kong 5.7, UAE 5.0, Russia 4.9. Largest import partners: Russia 248.6 (23.9%), China 224.9 (21.7%), South Korea 117.3 (11.3%), Poland 54.6, Germany 42.8, Kazakhstan 25.6. Largest export chapters: 02 meat 171.7 (China 120.1, Iran 34.7), 16 meat preparations 139.6 (China 139.2), 08 fruit and nuts 115.4 (China 109.8), 12 oilseeds 45.1, 05 other animal products 14.4, 01 live animals 13.5. Largest import chapters: 21 food preparations 147.9, 19 cereal and bakery products 125.4, 22 beverages 98.1, 24 tobacco 84.4, 17 sugar 80.0, 02 meat 79.3, 10 cereals 53.7. Outside chapters 01–24, chapter 51 (wool, fine animal hair incl. cashmere) exports were US$400.3 m (China 300.0, Italy 84.1) and chapter 41 (hides and skins) US$4.0 m. Shares are own calculations.
  https://comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=496&period=2023&flowCode=X&cmdCode=02&motCode=0&customsCode=C00&partner2Code=0
• UN Comtrade – Mongolia, agri-food exports and imports (HS chapters 01–24, world), 2015–2023 (public preview API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · One query per year (the preview API accepts one period per query), partner World, all chapters 01-24 and chapter 51. Own sums, US$ million. Agri-food exports (HS 01-24) 2015 79.9; 2016 97.0; 2017 158.5; 2018 216.1; 2019 172.6; 2020 134.8; 2021 179.6; 2022 187.0; 2023 521.4. Agri-food imports 2015 476.3; 2016 507.3; 2017 544.3; 2018 673.5; 2019 640.5; 2020 668.0; 2021 962.8; 2022 1,129.0; 2023 1,038.2. Chapter 51 (wool, fine or coarse animal hair) exports 2015 273.4; 2016 267.8; 2017 292.9; 2018 362.8; 2019 374.6; 2020 234.5; 2021 325.6; 2022 455.3; 2023 400.3; imports 2023 19.8. The link shows the 2023 query, change period for the other years.
  https://comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=496&period=2023&flowCode=X,M&cmdCode=01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,51&partnerCode=0&motCode=0&customsCode=C00&partner2Code=0
• UN Comtrade – Mongolia, exports of selected animal products at HS 4-digit level (meat, cashmere, wool, pine nuts, rapeseed), 2019–2023 (public preview API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Query for 2023 only (one period per preview query), partner World. Exports 2023, US$ million (net weight, tonnes): 5102 fine animal hair not carded or combed 283.87 (9,455); 1602 prepared meat 139.53 (32,974); 0205 horse meat 125.41 (32,907); 0802 other nuts 115.42 (8,484); 5105 fine animal hair carded or combed 98.49 (1,419); 1205 rapeseed 44.80 (73,530); 0204 sheep and goat meat 43.96 (12,634); 5101 wool not carded or combed 13.96 (13,324); 0504 guts and stomachs 11.64; 0104 live sheep and goats 11.29; 5108 yarn of fine hair 1.80; 4101 bovine and equine hides 1.14; 0202 frozen beef 0.98. Imports 2023 (cmdCode 2106,1905,2402,0207,1701,1006,1001 etc., flowCode M): 2106 food preparations 82.48; 1905 bread and bakery 73.62; 2402 cigarettes 70.04; 0207 poultry meat 48.50 (26,350 t); 1701 sugar 38.25 (53,650 t); 2202 non-alcoholic beverages 37.64; 1006 rice 36.00 (57,901 t); 0402 concentrated milk 24.66; 0203 pork 24.58; 1001 wheat 14.28 (47,698 t); 0406 cheese 13.47; 1512 sunflower oil 12.25; 1101 wheat flour 2.90 (11,142 t). The link shows the 2023 export query.
  https://comtradeapi.un.org/public/v1/preview/C/A/HS?reporterCode=496&period=2023&flowCode=X&cmdCode=0101,0104,0201,0202,0204,0205,0206,0208,0210,0504,0802,1205,1602,4101,4102,4103,5101,5102,5105,5108,5109,1001,1101&partnerCode=0&motCode=0&customsCode=C00&partner2Code=0

World Bank

• WDI – Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$), NV.AGR.TOTL.CD (API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · US$ million: 2010 843.5; 2011 1,073.0; 2012 1,383.9; 2013 1,687.8; 2014 1,631.2; 2015 1,636.0; 2016 1,412.0; 2017 1,278.6; 2018 1,506.0; 2019 1,642.0; 2020 1,726.1; 2021 2,012.2; 2022 2,233.8; 2023 2,016.4; 2024 1,734.8; 2025 2,267.7. Identical to the NSO fixed-base series in US$ (2025 2,267,493 thousand US$).
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.CD?format=json&per_page=100&date=2005:2025
• WDI – Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP), NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS (API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Percent: 2010 11.73; 2015 14.08; 2020 12.97; 2021 13.16; 2022 13.03; 2023 9.92; 2024 7.29; 2025 8.94. Agricultural growth (NV.AGR.TOTL.KD.ZG): 2023 -8.92; 2024 -28.71; 2025 33.24.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?format=json&per_page=100&date=2005:2025
• WDI – GDP (current US$), NY.GDP.MKTP.CD (API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · US$ million: 2010 7,189.5; 2015 11,619.9; 2020 13,313.0; 2023 20,325.1; 2024 23,794.5; 2025 25,369.1.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?format=json&per_page=100&date=2005:2025
• WDI – Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate), SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS (API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Percent: 2010 39.92; 2011 39.47; 2012 37.71; 2013 36.10; 2014 34.29; 2015 34.83; 2016 36.74; 2017 35.08; 2018 32.83; 2019 32.30; 2020 29.53; 2021 29.65; 2022 28.83; 2023 28.39; 2024 27.26; 2025 27.00.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?format=json&per_page=100&date=2005:2025
• WDI – Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population), SI.POV.NAHC (API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · 2022: 27.1 percent (the only value in the 2005–2025 window returned by the API on 16 October 2026). Matches the NSO figure.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?format=json&per_page=100&date=2005:2025
• WDI – Rural population (% of total population), SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS (API, JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Percent: 2010 32.17; 2015 32.00; 2020 31.91; 2024 29.04; 2025 28.86.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?format=json&per_page=100&date=2005:2025
• World Development Indicators API, FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS account ownership (JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Account ownership at a financial institution or mobile money provider, percent of population 15+ (Global Findex): 2011 77.72; 2014 91.82; 2017 92.97; 2021 98.46; 2024 98.28. Poorest 40 percent (FX.OWN.TOTL.40.ZS): 70.89; 89.11; 90.59; 98.29; 97.40. Female (FX.OWN.TOTL.FE.ZS): 82.36; 93.21; 94.95; 98.97; 98.97. API last updated 8 Oct 2026.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS?format=json&date=2005:2026&per_page=100
• World Development Indicators API, FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS domestic credit to private sector (JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Domestic credit to private sector, percent of GDP: 2010 34.19; 2011 43.49; 2012 43.72; 2013 59.87; 2014 59.29; 2015 54.46; 2016 56.94; 2017 52.82; 2018 55.41; 2019 48.90; 2020 45.79; 2021 47.49; 2022 40.98; 2023 38.61; 2024 44.91. Commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults (FB.CBK.BRCH.P5): 2010 54.22; 2015 69.48; 2020 62.67; 2024 58.99.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS?format=json&date=2005:2026&per_page=100
• World Development Indicators API, FR.INR.LEND lending interest rate (JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Lending interest rate, percent: 2010 20.07; 2011 16.61; 2012 18.11; 2013 18.48; 2014 19.03; 2015 19.56; 2016 19.74; 2017 20.01; 2018 17.71; 2019 17.00; 2020 16.93; 2021 16.01. No values after 2021 in WDI.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/FR.INR.LEND?format=json&date=2005:2026&per_page=100
• World Development Indicators API, FB.AST.NPER.ZS bank NPL ratio (JSON)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans, percent (IMF FSI basis): 2016 7.01; 2017 6.42; 2018 5.08; 2019 6.23; 2020 10.32; 2021 7.06; 2022 6.15; 2023 5.08; 2024 3.52; 2025 3.45.
  https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/MNG/indicator/FB.AST.NPER.ZS?format=json&date=2005:2026&per_page=100
• Projects API record, Livestock Commercialization Project P165945 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Status Closed. Board approval 13 Dec 2019, closing 31 Mar 2026. IDA commitment US$30,000,000, total project cost US$38,000,000. Implementing agency Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry, borrower Mongolia. PDO to improve livestock health, productivity and commercialization of targeted value chains in project locations and to provide immediate and effective response in the event of an eligible crisis or emergency. IATI record 44000-P165945 reports US$28,997,172 disbursed.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P165945&fl=*
• Projects API record, Virtual Cooperatives of Pastoral Livestock Communities P174733 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Status Active. Board approval 16 Nov 2023, closing 31 Dec 2026. Grant US$2,752,294 (project cost US$2,750,000), trust-fund financed. Implementing agency MOFALI. PDO to improve livelihoods of remote pastoral livestock communities in targeted locations by harnessing digital technologies and services. IATI record XI-IATI-WBTF-P174733 (World Bank Trust Funds) reports US$543,007 disbursed, activity end 30 Jun 2027.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P174733&fl=*
• Projects API record, Mongolia Livestock and Agricultural Marketing Project P125964 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Status Closed. Approval 4 Jun 2013, closing 31 Dec 2017. Grant US$11,000,000, project cost US$11,490,000. Implementing agency MOFALI. PDO to improve rural livelihoods and food security in selected aimags and soums through investments in enhancing productivity, market access and diversification in livestock-based production systems.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P125964&fl=*
• Projects API records, Index-Based Livestock Insurance Project P088816 and Additional Financing P115119 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · P088816 approved 26 May 2005, closed 31 Mar 2016, IDA US$7,750,000 plus grant US$1,874,000, project cost US$9,881,486, implementing agency Ministry of Finance. Additional financing P115119 (https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P115119&fl=*) approved 23 Feb 2010, closing 31 Mar 2016, IDA US$10,000,000 plus grant US$700,000, cost US$10,700,000. PDO to ascertain the viability of IBLI in Mongolia to reduce the impact of livestock mortality on herders' livelihoods by scaling up IBLI in selected aimags and building institutional capacity and the legal and institutional framework.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P088816&fl=*
• Projects API records, Third Sustainable Livelihoods Project P125232 and Additional Financing P173126 (JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · P125232 approved 6 Jun 2014, closed 31 Dec 2023, IDA US$36,800,000 plus grant US$5,665,000, project cost US$42,465,000, implementing agency Ministry of Finance. Additional financing P173126 approved 24 Apr 2020, IDA US$12,000,000, closing 31 Dec 2023. PDO to improve governance and community participation for the planning and delivery of priority investments in rural areas of Mongolia.
  https://search.worldbank.org/api/v3/projects?format=json&id=P125232&fl=*

World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal

• CRU TS 4.09 observed annual mean temperature and precipitation, Mongolia country average, 1901-2024 (API JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Annual mean air temperature (tas, deg C) 1950 -0.54, 1951 -0.46, 1952 -1.09, 1953 -0.41, 1954 -1.24, 1955 -0.42, 1956 -1.62, 1957 -1.21, 1958 0.16, 1959 -0.51, 1960 -0.59, 1961 -0.17, 1962 -0.04, 1963 0.65, 1964 -0.65, 1965 0.37, 1966 -0.39, 1967 -0.59, 1968 -0.80, 1969 -1.35, 1970 -1.05, 1971 -0.44, 1972 0.08, 1973 0.42, 1974 -0.72, 1975 0.33, 1976 -0.72, 1977 -0.01, 1978 0.51, 1979 0.74, 1980 -0.17, 1981 -0.29, 1982 0.73, 1983 0.12, 1984 -1.08, 1985 -0.67, 1986 0.02, 1987 -0.03, 1988 0.13, 1989 1.00, 1990 0.96, 1991 0.23, 1992 0.46, 1993 0.04, 1994 1.01, 1995 1.26, 1996 0.20, 1997 1.31, 1998 1.97, 1999 1.45, 2000 0.52, 2001 1.14, 2002 1.63, 2003 0.62, 2004 1.53, 2005 0.27, 2006 1.39, 2007 2.69, 2008 1.55, 2009 0.95, 2010 -0.15, 2011 0.30, 2012 -0.36, 2013 1.28, 2014 1.59, 2015 2.02, 2016 1.03, 2017 2.21, 2018 1.50, 2019 1.69, 2020 1.61, 2021 2.12, 2022 1.32, 2023 1.82, 2024 2.36. Annual precipitation (pr, mm) 1950 237.96, 1951 197.16, 1952 237.79, 1953 237.81, 1954 235.01, 1955 259.69, 1956 226.85, 1957 211.88, 1958 249.99, 1959 285.73, 1960 242.41, 1961 243.61, 1962 226.97, 1963 222.74, 1964 295.23, 1965 196.73, 1966 239.26, 1967 258.00, 1968 221.73, 1969 230.45, 1970 223.67, 1971 230.85, 1972 194.89, 1973 277.47, 1974 227.74, 1975 234.57, 1976 252.26, 1977 225.23, 1978 190.60, 1979 227.68, 1980 183.78, 1981 213.82, 1982 208.27, 1983 231.24, 1984 258.50, 1985 223.38, 1986 243.64, 1987 240.72, 1988 229.94, 1989 215.04, 1990 286.09, 1991 248.64, 1992 224.98, 1993 282.82, 1994 286.68, 1995 215.49, 1996 218.63, 1997 221.67, 1998 273.31, 1999 218.05, 2000 215.68, 2001 203.80, 2002 189.85, 2003 259.24, 2004 176.07, 2005 193.57, 2006 190.37, 2007 191.71, 2008 219.27, 2009 202.47, 2010 221.78, 2011 213.76, 2012 264.95, 2013 270.97, 2014 218.48, 2015 193.88, 2016 266.62, 2017 183.47, 2018 267.83, 2019 224.83, 2020 265.15, 2021 278.94, 2022 193.76, 2023 252.01, 2024 275.82 (1901-1949 also in the file). Period means computed from the series: temperature 1901-1930 -0.58, 1961-1990 -0.10, 1991-2020 1.10, 2015-2024 1.77 deg C; precipitation 1901-1930 228.1, 1961-1990 231.8, 1991-2020 227.5, 2015-2024 240.2 mm. Least-squares linear trend computed from the series: 0.32 deg C per decade over 1940-2024 (about 2.7 deg C over the period), 0.38 deg C per decade over 1961-2024 (about 2.4 deg C), 0.20 deg C per decade over 1901-2024. The trend and mean values are our own calculation from the CCKP data.
  https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/cru-x0.5_timeseries_tas,pr_timeseries_annual_1901-2024_mean_historical_cru_ts4.09_mean/MNG?_format=json
• CMIP6 ensemble projections of annual temperature and precipitation for Mongolia, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, 2040-2059 and 2080-2099, anomalies relative to 1995-2014 (API JSON, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Multi-model median annual temperature anomaly vs 1995-2014 (deg C), with 10th-90th percentile range from the p10 and p90 queries: SSP2-4.5 2040-2059 +2.05 (1.47 to 2.61), SSP2-4.5 2080-2099 +3.10 (2.11 to 3.93), SSP5-8.5 2040-2059 +2.49 (1.88 to 3.38), SSP5-8.5 2080-2099 +5.89 (4.14 to 7.82). Median annual precipitation anomaly vs 1995-2014 (mm): SSP2-4.5 2040-2059 +10.13, 2080-2099 +29.56, SSP5-8.5 2040-2059 +21.36, 2080-2099 +51.57. Absolute median climatology: historical 1995-2014 1.40 deg C and 285.93 mm, SSP2-4.5 2040-2059 3.15 deg C and 298.6 mm, 2080-2099 4.18 deg C and 313.88 mm, SSP5-8.5 2040-2059 3.77 deg C and 309.9 mm, 2080-2099 7.35 deg C and 337.55 mm. Same URL pattern with ssp585, 2080-2099, climatology, and tas_anomaly with p10 or p90 in place of median.
  https://cckpapi.worldbank.org/cckp/v1/cmip6-x0.25_climatology_tas,pr_anomaly_annual_2040-2059_median_ssp245_ensemble_all_mean/MNG?_format=json

World Bank Group and Bank of Mongolia

• Mongolia climate-related financial risk exposure assessment, September 2025 (PDF, English)баталгаажсан
  EN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Loan portfolio about 74 percent concentrated in Ulaanbaatar, about 30 percent in physically exposed sectors (real estate, construction, agriculture, transport). Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting about 4 percent of bank loans, exposure to droughts and dzuds 1-3 percent of total portfolio. 2023-2024 dzud 7.1 million livestock (11.1 percent) perished, 188,300 people affected. Mongolia CCDR 2024 projects dzuds every three years by mid-century and average annual livestock losses of 5.8 percent by 2050 and 9.6 percent by 2100 without adaptation. Agriculture 12.7 percent of GDP and 24.2 percent of formal employment in 2023. Data up to 31 December 2022.
  https://www.mongolbank.mn/file/85e3dece0f61861200b8630f4471c10c/files/CR%20report%20FINAL%20ENG%2024%20September2025(3).pdf

XacBank JSC

• Annual Report 2025 (PDF, Mongolian)баталгаажсан
  MN · хандсан огноо 2026-10-16 · Listed on https://xacbank.mn/mn/annual-report (reports 2018-2025). 45 pages. In 2025 the bank extended MNT 83.6 billion of interest-subsidised loans under the Government cashmere processing support programme, crop production support programme and tourism support programme combined (p. 13, no split by programme). Raised US$263.2 million and MNT 33.2 billion of long-term foreign funding in 2025, including US$147 million from EBRD and a US$150 million syndicated loan arranged with FMO aimed at MSMEs, women and young entrepreneurs and the agricultural sector (pp. 8 and 22). Corporate loan portfolio MNT 814 billion (+26.6 per cent). Women entrepreneur programme MNT 1.3 trillion to 15,000 clients. Young entrepreneur package MNT 178 billion to 3,954 clients. About 1.2 million clients and over 1,300 staff. NPL ratio 2.5 per cent versus sector 5.1 per cent at end-2025. No agricultural or herder loan portfolio figure is published.
  https://xacbank.mn/api/media/file/2025%20annual%20report%20mn%20final.pdf

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